Perspectives on Science最新文献

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Resources of Intellectual Legitimacy in Italian Cosmological Affairs: Cremonini and Bellarmine’s Authority Conflict (c.1616) 意大利宇宙学事务中的知识合法性资源:克雷莫尼尼与贝拉明的权威冲突(1616年)
Perspectives on Science Pub Date : 2022-07-15 DOI: 10.1162/posc_a_00563
P. Omodeo
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引用次数: 0
Playing with the Ancients: The Cosmology of Gilles Personne de Roberval 《玩转古人:吉尔斯·波森·德·罗伯瓦尔的宇宙学
Perspectives on Science Pub Date : 2022-07-15 DOI: 10.1162/posc_a_00565
Ovidiu Babeș
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引用次数: 0
“Trust No One But Yourself”: William Gilbert’s Use of Experiment and Rejection of Authority, Reconsidered “除了你自己,谁也不要相信”:威廉·吉尔伯特对实验的运用和对权威的拒绝,重新思考
Perspectives on Science Pub Date : 2022-07-15 DOI: 10.1162/posc_a_00564
J. Luggin
{"title":"“Trust No One But Yourself”: William Gilbert’s Use of Experiment and Rejection of Authority, Reconsidered","authors":"J. Luggin","doi":"10.1162/posc_a_00564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/posc_a_00564","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract One of the most important components of early modern science was the experiment. Advocates of the “new sciences” used experiments as indisputable evidence in controversies with their opponents and as powerful arguments against authoritative texts. Among the first early modern scientific works to systematically and successfully use experiments as parts of the central argumentation is William Gilbert’s treatise De magnete (1600), in which the author sought to present a completely new theory of magnetism as an explanation of phenomena on earth as well as of the movements of heavenly bodies. Gilbert goes to great lengths to persuade his readers of the innovation of his nova et inaudita physiologia. For this, however, it did not suffice to present a startling number of experiments and advocate empirical investigation. This contribution will shed light on the surprising literary and rhetorical tools employed in the De magnete in questions of authority, which aided Gilbert in presenting his powerful and highly successful “New Physiology.”","PeriodicalId":19867,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Science","volume":"76 1","pages":"925-949"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86707970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Galileo and the Epistemology of Anatomy 伽利略与解剖学的认识论
Perspectives on Science Pub Date : 2022-07-15 DOI: 10.1162/posc_a_00568
Marco Sgarbi
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引用次数: 0
Constructing Authority in the Paratext: The Poems to Johannes Hevelius’ Selenographia 在副文本中建构权威——约翰内斯·赫维留的《硒地记》诗歌
Perspectives on Science Pub Date : 2022-07-15 DOI: 10.1162/posc_a_00569
Irina Tautschnig
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引用次数: 0
Defining “Cosmology” in the Early Modern System of Knowledge, 1530–1621 在早期现代知识体系中定义“宇宙学”,1530-1621
Perspectives on Science Pub Date : 2022-07-15 DOI: 10.1162/posc_a_00561
Dario Tessicini
{"title":"Defining “Cosmology” in the Early Modern System of Knowledge, 1530–1621","authors":"Dario Tessicini","doi":"10.1162/posc_a_00561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/posc_a_00561","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article seeks to revise the common scholarly assumption that in early modern Europe there was no single word for the study of the universe as a whole until the word “cosmology” appeared in Christian Wolff’s Cosmologia generalis methodo scientifica pertractata (1731). In fact, the term “cosmology” had circulated in both Latin and European languages since at least the 1530s in the context of critical appraisals of the largely dominant Aristotelian and scholastic frameworks. The aim of this study is to unearth the earliest attempts to define cosmology as a philosophical discipline and, thereby, to highlight the lasting authority of traditional disciplinary boundaries.","PeriodicalId":19867,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"826-850"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75212929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Introduction: Quis dixit? The Vicissitudes of Authority in Early Modern Cosmology 导语:Quis dixit?近代早期宇宙学权威的变迁
Perspectives on Science Pub Date : 2022-07-15 DOI: 10.1162/posc_e_00560
O. Akopyan, P. Omodeo
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引用次数: 0
Discussing Tides Before and After Newton: Roger Joseph Boscovich’s De aestu maris 论牛顿前后的潮汐:罗杰·约瑟夫·博斯科维奇的《论海洋》
Perspectives on Science Pub Date : 2022-07-15 DOI: 10.1162/posc_a_00567
O. Akopyan
{"title":"Discussing Tides Before and After Newton: Roger Joseph Boscovich’s De aestu maris","authors":"O. Akopyan","doi":"10.1162/posc_a_00567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/posc_a_00567","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The causes of tidal motions were widely debated from antiquity up to the eighteenth century. These discussions got a second wind in the early modern period, in the wake of a growing number of cosmological alternatives that challenged the dominant Aristotelian-Ptolemaic stance. The 1687 publication of Isaac Newton’s Principia Mathematica was a defining moment in the discussions and consequently made universal gravitation the most credible and generally accepted explanation. This paper investigates the aftermath of Newton’s discovery and demonstrates how his understanding of tidal motion crowded out competing theories within a broader European context. My main point of reference is Roger Boscovich’s De aestu maris (1747). In his work, the leading Jesuit scholar of the time contrasted Newton’s interpretation to those of other major authorities, namely Johannes Kepler, Galileo Galilei, and René Descartes, and went on to claim the superiority of the British scientist’s achievements over anything written prior to the Principia. As this essay argues, alongside a significant body of literature produced under the umbrella of the Jesuit order, Boscovich’s De aestu maris subsequently contributed to the formation of the popular image of Newton as a “scientific hero.”","PeriodicalId":19867,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"1042-1064"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85597790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Poetry of Jeremiah Horrocks’s Venus in sole visa (1662): Astronomy, Authority, and the ‘New Science’ 耶利米·霍罗克斯的《维纳斯》诗集(1662):天文学、权威和“新科学”
Perspectives on Science Pub Date : 2022-07-15 DOI: 10.1162/posc_a_00566
William M. Barton
{"title":"The Poetry of Jeremiah Horrocks’s Venus in sole visa (1662): Astronomy, Authority, and the ‘New Science’","authors":"William M. Barton","doi":"10.1162/posc_a_00566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/posc_a_00566","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As one of the least common, yet predictable astronomical occurrences, the transits of Venus were to become among the most keenly anticipated events for early modern cosmologists. Basing himself on Johannes Kepler’s Tabulae Rudolphinae (1627), former Cambridge student Jeremiah Horrocks (1616–1641) made the first recorded observation of a transit from Much Hoole, Lancashire in 1639. Alongside the description of his observations, Horrocks’ Venus in sole visa contains four poems alongside the work’s prose descriptions, figures, and tables. His verses call on the long tradition of Latin scientific poetry employed for the predictable purposes of eulogy and homage, but they also serve to justify and clarify the author’s position on scientific issues of his time. Despite the long-recognized importance of Horrocks’ observations, his hexameter compositions have been largely ignored in later scholarship. In the latest translation of the Venus in sole visa (2012), one poem—the longest and arguably the best—is omitted altogether. This paper offers a study of Horrocks’ Latin poetry, his models and engagement with its subject matter. It reveals Horrocks’ efforts to promote his predecessors’ achievements, his position on questions central to the debates of his time, and the claims for authority he made for the work of others, as well as for his own. The present article also includes a new, modern translation of Horrocks’ longest, and recently forgotten poem as an appendix.","PeriodicalId":19867,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Science","volume":"18 1","pages":"982-1004"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75506903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Milliet Dechales as Historian of Mathematics 米利特·德卡莱斯是数学历史学家
Perspectives on Science Pub Date : 2022-02-20 DOI: 10.1162/posc_a_00423
A. Malet
{"title":"Milliet Dechales as Historian of Mathematics","authors":"A. Malet","doi":"10.1162/posc_a_00423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/posc_a_00423","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Jesuit C.F. Milliet Dechales (1621–1678), author of one of the most famous early modern mathematical encyclopedias, Cursus seu mundus mathematicus (1674), wrote a hundred-folio-page long treatise devoted to the “progress of mathematics,” which was published in the second, enlarged edition of his encyclopedia (1690). His historical treatise covers the gamut of mixed mathematics—including astronomy, mechanics, optics, music, geography and navigation, ars tignaria (art of timber-framing), and architecture. The early modern historical narratives about the mathematical sciences, from Regiomontanus’s Oratio (1464) onwards, have been aptly characterized by their literary form and goals rather than their historical content. Rhetoric, humanistic topoi, and philosophical filiation turned the histories of mathematics into powerful tools for different purposes. My account of Dechales’ tract on the “progress of mathematics” analyzes the ways in which it dovetails with Jesuit approaches to mathematics, provides legitimation to the mathematical sciences as well as to their authors, and contributes to define the role and boundaries of the discipline, in particular vis-à-vis natural philosophy.","PeriodicalId":19867,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Science","volume":"20 1","pages":"463-492"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81857932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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