Perspectives on Science最新文献_第10页

Blood Affairs: Racial Blood Group Research and Nation Building in Greece, 1920s–1940s 血液事务:20世纪20 - 40年代希腊的种族血型研究与国家建设

Perspectives on Science Pub Date : 2021-11-10 DOI: 10.1162/posc_a_00402

Ageliki Lefkaditou

引用次数: 0

Transnational Isolates: Portuguese Colonial Race Science and the Foreign World 跨国隔离:葡萄牙殖民种族科学与外国世界

Perspectives on Science Pub Date : 2021-11-10 DOI: 10.1162/posc_a_00404

Ricardo Roque

引用次数: 2

The Norwegian Association for Heredity Research and the Organized International Eugenics Movement. Expertise, Authority, Transnational Networks and International Organization in Norwegian Genetics and Eugenics (1919–1934) 挪威遗传研究协会和国际优生学运动组织。挪威遗传学和优生学的专业知识、权威、跨国网络和国际组织(1919-1934)

Perspectives on Science Pub Date : 2021-11-10 DOI: 10.1162/posc_a_00403

J. Kyllingstad

{"title":"The Norwegian Association for Heredity Research and the Organized International Eugenics Movement. Expertise, Authority, Transnational Networks and International Organization in Norwegian Genetics and Eugenics (1919–1934)","authors":"J. Kyllingstad","doi":"10.1162/posc_a_00403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/posc_a_00403","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Norwegian Association for Heredity Research played a key role in the rise of genetics as a research field in Norway. The immediate background of its establishment in 1919 was the need for an organization that could clarify scientific issues regarding eugenics and coordinate Norwegian representation in the organized international eugenics movement. The Association never assumed this role. Instead, Norway was represented in the international eugenics movement by the so-called Norwegian Consultative Eugenics Commission, whose leader, Jon Alfred Mjøen, was dismissed as a pseudo-scientist by Norwegian geneticists. The paper explores the Association’s role in defining and delimiting scientific expert knowledge in the field of genetics and eugenics in Norway. It demonstrates how struggles about academic authority on the national arena were intertwined with struggles about representation and impact in the international eugenics movement and how transnational scientific networks where mobilized to legitimize and delegitimize notions about Nordic race supremacy, racial mixing and the politics of eugenic sterilizations.","PeriodicalId":19867,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Science","volume":"35 1","pages":"77-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85422321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In the Name of Human Adaptation: Japanese American “Hybrid Children” and Racial Anthropology in Postwar Japan 以人类适应的名义:日裔美国“混血儿”与战后日本的种族人类学

Perspectives on Science Pub Date : 2021-11-10 DOI: 10.1162/posc_a_00406

Jaehwan Hyun

引用次数: 0

Introduction: Measurement at the Crossroads 简介:十字路口的测量

Perspectives on Science Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1162/posc_e_00390

Nadine de Courtenay, Fabien Grégis, Jan Lacki, C. Proust

{"title":"Introduction: Measurement at the Crossroads","authors":"Nadine de Courtenay, Fabien Grégis, Jan Lacki, C. Proust","doi":"10.1162/posc_e_00390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/posc_e_00390","url":null,"abstract":"Perspectives on Science 2021, vol. 29, no. 6 © 2021 by The Massachusetts Institute of Technology https://doi.org/10.1162/posc_e_00390 The guest editors would like to thank the University of Paris and the ENSA Paris-Val de Seine for having provided premises to successfully host the 2018 “Measurement at the Crossroads” conference in Paris. Our thanks extend to our funding sources: the conference was made possible thanks to the generous support of the Institut Humanités, Sciences et Sociétés (IHSS), the SPHERE laboratory and the Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques (MPQ) of the University of Paris, the department of History and Philosophy of Science of the University of Paris, the Laboratoire National de métrologie et d’Essais (LNE), and the University of Geneva. We would like to thank the many people who contributed to the organization of the conference: the organizing committee (with a special thought for Christine Mousset), the program committee, our administrative team (in particular, Laurent Lemoine, Virginie Maouchi and Patricia Philippe), the master students who worked at the reception, and the graphics team. Finally, our thanks go to the colleagues who have helped us put together the publication of this special issue: Karine Chemla, the peer-review committee, our language editor Richard Kennedy, and Perspectives on Science’s editor-in-chief Alexander Levine for hosting and encouraging our publication project. Fabien Grégis was supported by the Cohn Institute at the University of Tel Aviv, Israel at the time of the organization of the conference; and by the LIUC-Università Cattaneo, Castellanza, Italy, during the preparation of the special issue.","PeriodicalId":19867,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Science","volume":"68 1","pages":"681-700"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83264297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Disappearance of Form? Some Methodological Considerations on a Lost Conceptual Dimension in Biology 形式的消失?关于生物学中丢失的概念维度的一些方法论思考

Perspectives on Science Pub Date : 2021-09-06 DOI: 10.1162/posc_a_00389

M. Gutmann

引用次数: 0

BioTechnology as BioParody – Strategies for Salience1 生物技术作为生物仿制——突出战略1

Perspectives on Science Pub Date : 2021-09-06 DOI: 10.1162/posc_a_00384

A. Nordmann

引用次数: 0

Model Operations: Morphogenesis and the Design Process 模型操作:形态发生和设计过程

Perspectives on Science Pub Date : 2021-09-06 DOI: 10.1162/posc_a_00386

Carolin Höfler

{"title":"Model Operations: Morphogenesis and the Design Process","authors":"Carolin Höfler","doi":"10.1162/posc_a_00386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/posc_a_00386","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Since the emergence of digital design techniques in combination with so-called responsive materials, the concept of organic forms in architecture seems to be gaining a new quality. The resemblance to an organism should no longer apply only superficially but be inscribed in the materiality as well as in the history of origin and functioning. This article addresses these new transformative effects between architecture and biology. They are presented primarily in relation to the structural architecture of the 1960s and the computational architectural systems since the 1990s. One focus of architecture is on dynamic forms that adapt themselves to their environment by means of flexible materials and generative algorithms. Here, architecture as technically animated matter no longer involuntarily competes with creative nature but is seen as part of a reciprocal relationship. This reciprocal relationship is specified by recourse to various architectural models. The models’ approaches suggest that organic-looking forms are generated by simulated biological processes. The article examines this claim of the models from the perspective of the history of architecture and design. It shows how, since the mid-twentieth century, a renewal of architectural design practice has been sought by reformulating morphological questions at the intersection of biological and cybernetic discourses.","PeriodicalId":19867,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Science","volume":"35 1","pages":"602-626"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81063072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Morphogenesis – “The Riddles of Form” in Twenty-First Century Science 形态发生——《21世纪科学》中的“形式之谜”

Perspectives on Science Pub Date : 2021-09-06 DOI: 10.1162/posc_e_00383

Marco Tamborini

引用次数: 2

The Material Turn in the Study of Form: From Bio-Inspired Robots to Robotics-Inspired Morphology 形态研究中的材料转向:从仿生机器人到机器人仿生形态学

Perspectives on Science Pub Date : 2021-09-06 DOI: 10.1162/posc_a_00388

Marco Tamborini

引用次数: 10