Perspectives on Science最新文献_第9页

Moral Uncertainty in Technomoral Change: Bridging the Explanatory Gap 技术道德变革中的道德不确定性:弥合解释差距

Perspectives on Science Pub Date : 2022-01-18 DOI: 10.1162/posc_a_00414

Philip J. Nickel, O. Kudina, I. van de Poel

引用次数: 20

Can Uncertainty Be Quantified? 不确定性可以量化吗?

Perspectives on Science Pub Date : 2022-01-18 DOI: 10.1162/posc_a_00412

S. Hansson

引用次数: 6

Uncertainty and Planning: Cities, Technologies and Public Decision-Making 不确定性与规划:城市、技术与公共决策

Perspectives on Science Pub Date : 2022-01-18 DOI: 10.1162/posc_a_00413

Stefano Moroni, D. Chiffi

引用次数: 3

History as Engagement: The Historical Epistemology of Raymond Aron 作为契约的历史:雷蒙德·阿伦的历史认识论

Perspectives on Science Pub Date : 2021-11-16 DOI: 10.1162/posc_a_00410

M. Simons

引用次数: 0

Data and Model Operations in Computational Sciences: The Examples of Computational Embryology and Epidemiology 计算科学中的数据和模型操作:计算胚胎学和流行病学的例子

Perspectives on Science Pub Date : 2021-11-16 DOI: 10.1162/posc_a_00408

Fabrizio Li Vigni

{"title":"Data and Model Operations in Computational Sciences: The Examples of Computational Embryology and Epidemiology","authors":"Fabrizio Li Vigni","doi":"10.1162/posc_a_00408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/posc_a_00408","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Computer models and simulations have become, since the 1960s, an essential instrument for scientific inquiry and political decision making in several fields, from climate to life and social sciences. Philosophical reflection has mainly focused on the ontological status of the computational modeling, on its epistemological validity and on the research practices it entails. But in computational sciences, the work on models and simulations are only two steps of a longer and richer process where operations on data are as important as, and even more time and energy-consuming than modeling itself. Drawing on two study cases—computational embryology and computational epidemiology—this article contributes to filling the gap by focusing on the operations of producing and re-using data in computational sciences. The different phases of the scientific and artisanal work of modelers include data collection, aggregation, homogenization, assemblage, analysis and visualization. The article deconstructs the ideas that data are self-evident informational aggregates and that data-driven approaches are exempted from theoretical work. More importantly, the paper stresses the fact that data are constructed and theory laden not only in their fabrication, but also in their reusing.","PeriodicalId":19867,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Science","volume":"115 3 1","pages":"696-731"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86446919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

‘For the Sciences Migrate, Just Like People’: The Case of Botanical Knowledge in the Early Modern Iberian Empires “为了科学的迁移，就像人一样”:近代早期伊比利亚帝国植物学知识的案例

Perspectives on Science Pub Date : 2021-11-16 DOI: 10.1162/posc_a_00409

R. Segev

引用次数: 0

Commentary: Nationalism and Transnationalism in Anthropological Research 评论:人类学研究中的民族主义与跨国主义

Perspectives on Science Pub Date : 2021-11-10 DOI: 10.1162/posc_e_00407

S. de Chadarevian

{"title":"Commentary: Nationalism and Transnationalism in Anthropological Research","authors":"S. de Chadarevian","doi":"10.1162/posc_e_00407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/posc_e_00407","url":null,"abstract":"The history of physical anthropology has most often been situated and studied in the context of specific colonial powers and nation states. At the same time, the study of human variation had as its scope to study human evolution on a global scale. It thus necessarily included transnational border crossings and scholarly exchanges of specimen collections that allowed researchers to study migration and differentiation patterns on a large scale. In addition, scientists working in a national context often sought international approval to validate their findings and gain national standing. The set of essays collected in this special issue takes this tension between national, transnational, and global impulses in the anthropological and genetic study of human differences as the central theme. The cases studies presented consider a broad range of imperial powers and nation states and cover the interwar period up to the Cold War. Together, they make a series of important interventions in respect to both the historiography of the anthropological sciences, broadly construed, and to current reflections on transnational approaches in the history of science and technology. Written mostly by young scholars in the field, the special issue bears witness to the renewed interest in and the vibrancy of the history of physical anthropology at a time of a general reckoning with widespread institutional racism and racial inequalities around the world. At first sight, it might be surprising that although the studies aim to address the transnational aspect of anthropological research, the starting point in nearly all essays is a national frame. The geographical breadth is broad and reaches beyond the main colonial powers. The collection comprises essays on racial blood group research and nation building in Greece in the interwar years; on the Norwegian Association for Heredity Research in the same period; on the efforts to establish international standards for","PeriodicalId":19867,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Science","volume":"32 1","pages":"194-198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89215396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Racializing a New Nation: German Coloniality and Anthropology in Maharashtra, India 一个新国家的种族化:印度马哈拉施特拉邦的德国殖民与人类学

Perspectives on Science Pub Date : 2021-11-10 DOI: 10.1162/posc_a_00405

T. P. Barbosa

引用次数: 0

People in Motion: Introduction to Transnational Movements and Transwar Connections in the Anthropological and Genetic Study of Human Populations 运动中的人:介绍人口人类学和遗传学研究中的跨国运动和跨国界联系

Perspectives on Science Pub Date : 2021-11-10 DOI: 10.1162/posc_e_00400

I. Clever, Jaehwan Hyun, Elise K. Burton

引用次数: 0

Miriam Tildesley and the Anthropological Politics of Standardizing Racial Measurements 米里亚姆·蒂尔德斯利与种族标准标准化的人类学政治学

Perspectives on Science Pub Date : 2021-11-10 DOI: 10.1162/posc_a_00401

I. Clever

引用次数: 1