Pathophysiology最新文献

{"title":"Duration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA Shedding Is Significantly Influenced by Disease Severity, Bilateral Pulmonary Infiltrates, Antibiotic Treatment, and Diabetic Status: Consideration for Isolation Period.","authors":"Muhammad Vitanata Arfijanto,&nbsp;Tri Pudy Asmarawati,&nbsp;Bramantono Bramantono,&nbsp;Musofa Rusli,&nbsp;Brian Eka Rachman,&nbsp;Bagus Aulia Mahdi,&nbsp;Nasronudin Nasronudin,&nbsp;Usman Hadi","doi":"10.3390/pathophysiology30020016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pathophysiology30020016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ribonucleic acid (RNA) shedding is an important parameter for determining the optimal length of isolation period required for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. However, the clinical (i.e., patient and disease) characteristics that could influence this parameter have yet to be determined. In this study, we aim to explore the potential associations between several clinical features and the duration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. A retrospective cohort study involving 162 patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in a tertiary referral teaching hospital in Indonesia was performed from June to December 2021. Patients were grouped based on the mean duration of viral shedding and were compared based on several clinical characteristics (e.g., age, sex, comorbidities, COVID-19 symptoms, severity, and therapies). Subsequently, clinical factors potentially associated with the duration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding were further assessed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. As a result, the mean duration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding was found to be 13 ± 8.44 days. In patients with diabetes mellitus (without chronic complications) or hypertension, the duration of viral shedding was significantly prolonged (≥13 days; <i>p</i> = 0.001 and <i>p</i> = 0.029, respectively). Furthermore, patients with dyspnea displayed viral shedding for longer durations (<i>p</i> = 0.011). The multivariate logistic regression analysis reveals that independent risk factors associated with the duration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding include disease severity (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.94; 95% CI = 1.36-6.44), bilateral lung infiltrates (aOR = 2.79; 95% CI = 1.14-6.84), diabetes mellitus (aOR = 2.17; 95% CI = 1.02-4.63), and antibiotic treatment (aOR = 3.66; 95% CI = 1.74-7.71). In summary, several clinical factors are linked with the duration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding. Disease severity is positively associated with the duration of viral shedding, while bilateral lung infiltrates, diabetes mellitus, and antibiotic treatment are negatively linked with the duration of viral shedding. Overall, our findings suggest the need to consider different isolation period estimations for specific clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 that affect the duration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding.</p>","PeriodicalId":19852,"journal":{"name":"Pathophysiology","volume":"30 2","pages":"186-198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10204499/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9568952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advantages of Multiposition Scanning in Echocardiographic Assessment of the Severity of Discordant Aortic Stenosis.","authors":"Elena Zelikovna Golukhova, Inessa Viktorovna Slivneva, Inga Yur'evna Farulova, Ivan Ivanovich Skopin, Damir Ildarovich Marapov, Dar'ya Vladimirovna Murysova, Yuliya Dmitrievna Pirushkina, Irina Vasilyevna Volkovskaya","doi":"10.3390/pathophysiology30020015","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pathophysiology30020015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim of the study: </strong>The aim of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of severity of discordant aortic stenosis (AS) assessment using multiposition scanning and the standard apical window.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>All patients (<i>n</i> = 104) underwent preoperative transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and were ranked according to the degree of AS severity. The reproducibility feasibility of the right parasternal window (RPW) was 75.0% (<i>n</i> = 78). The mean age of the patients was 64 years, and 40 (51.3%) were female. In 25 cases, low gradients were identified from the apical window not corresponding to the visual structural changes in the aortic valve, or disagreement between the velocity and calculated parameters was detected. Patients were divided into two groups: concordant AS (<i>n</i> = 56; 71.8%) and discordant AS (<i>n</i> = 22; 28.2%). Three individuals were excluded from the discordant AS group due to the presence of moderate stenosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on the comparative analysis of transvalvular flow velocities obtained from multiposition scanning, the concordance group showed agreement between the velocity and calculated parameters. We observed an increase in the mean transvalvular pressure gradient (ΔP_mean) and peak aortic jet velocity (V_max), ΔP_mean in 95.5% of patients, velocity time integral of transvalvular flow (VTI AV) in 90.9% of patients, and a decrease in aortic valve area (AVA) and indexed AVA in 90.9% of patients after applying RPW in all patients with discordant AS. The use of RPW allowed the reclassification of AS severity from discordant to concordant high-gradient AS in 88% of low-gradient AS cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Underestimation of flow velocity and overestimation of AVA using the apical window may lead to misclassification of AS. The use of RPW helps to match the degree of AS severity with the velocity characteristics and reduce the number of low-gradient AS cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":19852,"journal":{"name":"Pathophysiology","volume":"30 2","pages":"174-185"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10204481/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9870975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges in the Vaccination of the Elderly and Strategies for Improvement.","authors":"Gatot Soegiarto,&nbsp;Dewajani Purnomosari","doi":"10.3390/pathophysiology30020014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pathophysiology30020014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, the elderly has become a rapidly growing proportion of the world's population as life expectancy is extending. Immunosenescence and inflammaging contribute to the increased risk of chronic non-communicable and acute infectious diseases. Frailty is highly prevalent in the elderly and is associated with an impaired immune response, a higher propensity to infection, and a lower response to vaccines. Additionally, the presence of uncontrolled comorbid diseases in the elderly also contributes to sarcopenia and frailty. Vaccine-preventable diseases that threaten the elderly include influenza, pneumococcal infection, herpes zoster, and COVID-19, which contribute to significant disability-adjusted life years lost. Previous studies had shown that conventional vaccines only yielded suboptimal protection that wanes rapidly in a shorter time. This article reviews published papers on several vaccination strategies that were developed for the elderly to solve these problems: more immunogenic vaccine formulations using larger doses of antigen, stronger vaccine adjuvants, recombinant subunit or protein conjugated vaccines, newly developed mRNA vaccines, giving booster shots, and exploring alternative routes of administration. Included also are several publications on senolytic medications under investigation to boost the immune system and vaccine response in the elderly. With all those in regard, the currently recommended vaccines for the elderly are presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":19852,"journal":{"name":"Pathophysiology","volume":"30 2","pages":"155-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10204411/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9870511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methamphetamine and Designer Stimulants Modulate Tonic Human Cerebrovascular Smooth Muscle Contractility: Relevance to Drug-Induced Neurovascular Stress.","authors":"Nicole Hall, Nhi Dao, Cameron Hewett, Sara Oberle, Andrew Minagar, Kariann Lamon, Carey Ford, Bruce E Blough, J Steven Alexander, Kevin S Murnane","doi":"10.3390/pathophysiology30020013","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pathophysiology30020013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To avoid criminal prosecution, clandestine chemists produce designer stimulants that mimic the pharmacological and psychoactive effects of conventional stimulants, such as methamphetamine. Following persistent or high-dose exposure, both acute vasoconstriction and loss of vascular homeostasis are reported dangers of conventional stimulants, and designer stimulants may pose even greater dangers. To compare the effects of a conventional stimulant and two designer stimulants on vascular contraction, this study examined the direct effects of 1,3-benzodioxolylbutanamine (BDB) and N-butylpentylone in comparison to methamphetamine on the function of human brain vascular smooth muscle cells (HBVSMCs). HBVSMCs suspended in collagen gels were exposed to varying concentrations of each drug, and the degree of constriction was assessed over one week. The MTT assay was used to measure the impact of the three drugs on the cellular metabolic activity as a marker of cellular toxicity. The highest concentration tested of either methamphetamine or N-butylpentylone produced a loss of HBVSMC contractility and impaired cellular metabolism. BDB showed a similar pattern of effects, but, uniquely, it also induced vasoconstrictive effects at substantially lower concentrations. Each drug produced direct effects on HBVSMC contraction that may be a mechanism by which the cardiovascular system is damaged following high-dose or persistent exposure, and this could be exacerbated by any sympathomimetic effects of these compounds in whole organisms. BDB appears to impact HBVSMC function in ways distinct from methamphetamine and N-butylpentylone, which may present unique dangers.</p>","PeriodicalId":19852,"journal":{"name":"Pathophysiology","volume":"30 2","pages":"144-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10123609/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9394657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Random Blood Glucose, but Not HbA1c, Was Associated with Mortality in COVID-19 Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus-A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Stefanus Gunawan Kandinata, Soebagijo Adi Soelistijo, Agung Pranoto, Erwin Astha Triyono","doi":"10.3390/pathophysiology30020012","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pathophysiology30020012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous studies have yielded inconsistent results on whether glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and random blood glucose (RBG) are associated with mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to assess the association of HbA1c and RBG with mortality among COVID-19 patients with T2DM. A retrospective study was conducted on 237 patients with COVID-19 and T2DM (survival (<i>n</i> = 169) and non-survival groups (<i>n</i> = 68)). Data on socio-demography, comorbidities, clinical symptoms, laboratory examination, and mortality were collected. Patients in the non-survival group had an older age range as compared with those in the survival group (60 (52.3-65.0) vs. 56.0 (48.5-61.5) years, <i>p</i> = 0.009). There was no statistical gender difference between the two groups. After matching was done, chronic kidney disease, NLR, d-dimer, procalcitonin, and random blood glucose were higher in the non-survival group compared to the survival group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). HbA1c levels were similar in survivors and non-survivors (8.7% vs. 8.9%, p=0.549). The level of RBG was independently associated with mortality of COVID-19 patients with T2DM (<i>p</i> = 0.003, adjusted OR per 1-SD increment 2.55, 95% CI: 1.36-4.76). In conclusion, RBG was associated with the mortality of COVID-19 patients with T2DM, but HbA1c was not.</p>","PeriodicalId":19852,"journal":{"name":"Pathophysiology","volume":"30 2","pages":"136-143"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10123645/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9388831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hormone Replacement Therapy Does Not Eliminate Risk Factors for Joint Complications following Total Joint Arthroplasty: A Matched Cohort Study.","authors":"Lacee K Collins,&nbsp;Matthew W Cole,&nbsp;Timothy L Waters,&nbsp;Michael Iloanya,&nbsp;Patrick A Massey,&nbsp;William F Sherman","doi":"10.3390/pathophysiology30020011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pathophysiology30020011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aging causes a reduction in testosterone and estrogen, which is linked to diminished bone mineral density. Hormone replacement therapy and its effect on the outcome of joint arthroplasties is unclear. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) and estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) on the medical and joint outcomes of total hip (THA) and total knee arthroplasties (TKA). A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the PearlDiver database. Patients who received TRT or ERT perioperatively were matched to controls. Rates of 90-day medical complications and 2-year joint complications were queried. Patients who received TRT had an increased risk of revision, periprosthetic joint infection, and pooled joint complications within 2 years following a THA and increased rates of septic and aseptic revisions, and aseptic loosening after TKA compared to the control cohort. Patients receiving ERT had increased rates of aseptic loosening and pooled joint complications within 2 years following THA and increased rates of all-cause revisions and pooled joint complications after TKA. Patients who received TRT demonstrated significantly higher rates of revision rates and PJI. Patients who received perioperative ERT were significantly more likely to have increased risks of revision rates and joint infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":19852,"journal":{"name":"Pathophysiology","volume":"30 2","pages":"123-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10123744/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9394652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) as a Potential Biomarker of the Peripheral Nervous System Damage Following Breast Cancer Treatment.","authors":"Samvel Tonyan,&nbsp;Maria Pospelova,&nbsp;Varvara Krasnikova,&nbsp;Olga Fionik,&nbsp;Tatyana Alekseeva,&nbsp;Konstantin Samochernykh,&nbsp;Nataliya Ivanova,&nbsp;Tatyana Vavilova,&nbsp;Elena Vasilieva,&nbsp;Albina Makhanova,&nbsp;Aleksandra Nikolaeva,&nbsp;Tatyana Bukkieva,&nbsp;Stephanie Combs,&nbsp;Maxim Shevtsov","doi":"10.3390/pathophysiology30020010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pathophysiology30020010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Damage to the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is a common complication of breast cancer (BC) treatment, with 60 to 80% of breast cancer survivors experiencing symptoms of PNS damage. In the current study, the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), galectin-3 (Gal-3), and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) were measured in the blood serum of BC patients by ELISA as potential biomarkers that might indicate the PNS damage. Sixty-seven patients were enrolled in this multi-center trial and compared to the aged-matched healthy female volunteers (control group) (<i>n</i> = 25). Intergroup comparison of biomarker levels (i.e., Gal-3 and BDNF) did not show significant differences in any of the studied subgroups. However, intriguingly, NT-3 levels were significantly higher in BC patients as compared to healthy volunteers, constituting 14.85 [10.3; 18.0] and 5.74 [4.56; 13.7] pg/mL, respectively (<i>p</i> < 0.001). In conclusion, NT-3 might be employed as a potential biomarker in BC patients with clinical manifestations of PNS damage. However, further studies to validate its correlation to the degree of peripheral nervous system lesions are of high value.</p>","PeriodicalId":19852,"journal":{"name":"Pathophysiology","volume":"30 2","pages":"110-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10123681/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9388832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Expressions of NF-κB, COX-2, Sp1, and c-Jun in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Their Associations with Patient Survival.","authors":"Kaka Renaldi,&nbsp;Marcellus Simadibrata,&nbsp;Nur Rahadiani,&nbsp;Diah Rini Handjari,&nbsp;Alida Roswita Harahap,&nbsp;Kuntjoro Harimurti,&nbsp;Nasrul Zubir,&nbsp;Lianda Siregar,&nbsp;Imelda Maria Loho,&nbsp;Evlina Suzanna,&nbsp;Bonita Prawirodihardjo,&nbsp;Heriawaty Hidajat,&nbsp;Budi Widodo,&nbsp;Alphania Rahniayu,&nbsp;Renaningtyas Tambun,&nbsp;Andy William,&nbsp;Dadang Makmun","doi":"10.3390/pathophysiology30020009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pathophysiology30020009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic inflammation is a crucial driver of carcinogenesis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Several studies have investigated the prognostic significance of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in PDAC patients, obtaining conflicting results. Nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), specificity protein 1 (Sp1), and c-Jun are known as the transcription factors of the <i>COX2</i> gene. This exploratory observational study investigated the association of the NF-κB, COX-2, Sp1, and c-Jun expressions with patient survival in PDAC. We used the immunohistochemical method to detect the PDAC tissue expressions of NF-κB (RelA/p65), COX-2, Sp1, and c-Jun. The expressions of these proteins were correlated with the overall survival (OS) and other clinicopathological characteristics of PDAC patients. We obtained 53 PDAC specimens from resections and biopsies. There were significant correlations between the four proteins' expressions in the PDAC tissues. The expression of the cytoplasmic (aHR = 0.31; 95% CI 0.11-0.90; <i>p</i> = 0.032) or nuclear NF-κB (aHR = 0.22; 95% CI 0.07-0.66; <i>p</i> = 0.007) was independently associated with a better prognosis in the PDAC patients. COX-2, Sp1, and c-Jun showed no significant association with a prognosis in the PDAC patients. The PDAC patients who expressed NF-κB had a better prognosis than the other patients, which suggests that the role of inflammation in PDAC is more complex than previously thought.</p>","PeriodicalId":19852,"journal":{"name":"Pathophysiology","volume":"30 2","pages":"92-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10123625/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9388830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acetabular Wall Weakening in Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Madeline Gautreaux,&nbsp;Steven Kautz,&nbsp;Zashiana Martin,&nbsp;Edward Morgan,&nbsp;R Shane Barton,&nbsp;Matthew Dubose,&nbsp;Hayden McBride,&nbsp;Giovanni F Solitro","doi":"10.3390/pathophysiology30020008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pathophysiology30020008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Total hip arthroplasty is a widely performed operation allowing disabled patients to improve their quality of life to a degree greater than any other elective procedure. Planning for a THA requires adequate patient assessment and preoperative characterizations of acetabular bone loss via radiographs and specific classification schemes. Some surgeons may be inclined to ream at a larger diameter thinking it would lead to a more stable press-fit, but this could be detrimental to the acetabular wall, leading to intraoperative fracture. In the attempt to reduce the incidence of intraoperative fractures, the current study aims to identify how increased reaming diameter degrades and weakens the acetabular rim strength. We hypothesized that there is proportionality between the reaming diameter and the reduction in acetabular strength. To test this hypothesis, this study used bone surrogates, templated from CT scans, and reamed at different diameters. The obtained bone surrogate models were then tested using an Intron 8874 mechanical testing machine (Instron, Norwood, MA) equipped with a custom-made fixture. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to identify differences among reamed diameters while linear regression was used to identify the relationship between reamed diameters and acetabular strength. We found a moderate correlation between increasing reaming diameter that induced thinning of the acetabular wall and radial load damage. For the simplified acetabular model used in this study, it supported our hypothesis and is a promising first attempt in providing quantitative data for acetabular weakening induced by reaming.</p>","PeriodicalId":19852,"journal":{"name":"Pathophysiology","volume":"30 2","pages":"83-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10123709/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9390059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Emerging Role of Heat Shock Factor 1 (HSF1) and Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) in Ferroptosis.","authors":"Iman Aolymat,&nbsp;Ma'mon M Hatmal,&nbsp;Amin N Olaimat","doi":"10.3390/pathophysiology30010007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pathophysiology30010007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cells employ a well-preserved physiological stress response mechanism, termed the heat shock response, to activate a certain type of molecular chaperone called heat shock proteins (HSPs). HSPs are activated by transcriptional activators of heat shock genes known as heat shock factors (HSFs). These molecular chaperones are categorized as the HSP70 superfamily, which includes HSPA (HSP70) and HSPH (HSP110) families; the DNAJ (HSP40) family; the HSPB family (small heat shock proteins (sHSPs)); chaperonins and chaperonin-like proteins; and other heat-inducible protein families. HSPs play a critical role in sustaining proteostasis and protecting cells against stressful stimuli. HSPs participate in folding newly synthesized proteins, holding folded proteins in their native conformation, preventing protein misfolding and accumulation, and degrading denatured proteins. Ferroptosis is a recently identified type of oxidative iron-dependent cell demise. It was coined recently in 2012 by Stockwell Lab members, who described a special kind of cell death induced by erastin or RSL3. Ferroptosis is characterized by alterations in oxidative status resulting from iron accumulation, increased oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation, which are mediated by enzymatic and non-enzymatic pathways. The process of ferroptotic cell death is regulated at multiple, and it is involved in several pathophysiological conditions. Much research has emerged in recent years demonstrating the involvement of HSPs and their regulator heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) in ferroptosis regulation. Understanding the machinery controlling HSF1 and HSPs in ferroptosis can be employed in developing therapeutic interventions for ferroptosis occurrence in a number of pathological conditions. Therefore, this review comprehensively summarized the basic characteristics of ferroptosis and the regulatory functions of HSF1 and HSPs in ferroptosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19852,"journal":{"name":"Pathophysiology","volume":"30 1","pages":"63-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10057451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9210823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}