Pathophysiology最新文献

{"title":"CKD Urine Metabolomics: Modern Concepts and Approaches.","authors":"Elena Y Danilova,&nbsp;Anna O Maslova,&nbsp;Andrey N Stavrianidi,&nbsp;Alexander E Nosyrev,&nbsp;Larisa D Maltseva,&nbsp;Olga L Morozova","doi":"10.3390/pathophysiology30040033","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pathophysiology30040033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the primary challenges regarding chronic kidney disease (CKD) diagnosis is the absence of reliable methods to detect early-stage kidney damage. A metabolomic approach is expected to broaden the current diagnostic modalities by enabling timely detection and making the prognosis more accurate. Analysis performed on urine has several advantages, such as the ease of collection using noninvasive methods and its lower protein and lipid content compared with other bodily fluids. This review highlights current trends in applied analytical methods, major discoveries concerning pathways, and investigated populations in the context of urine metabolomic research for CKD over the past five years. Also, we are presenting approaches, instrument upgrades, and sample preparation modifications that have improved the analytical parameters of methods. The onset of CKD leads to alterations in metabolism that are apparent in the molecular composition of urine. Recent works highlight the prevalence of alterations in the metabolic pathways related to the tricarboxylic acid cycle and amino acids. Including diverse patient cohorts, using numerous analytical techniques with modifications and the appropriate annotation and explanation of the discovered biomarkers will help develop effective diagnostic models for different subtypes of renal injury with clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19852,"journal":{"name":"Pathophysiology","volume":"30 4","pages":"443-466"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10594523/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49691875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathophysiology, Management, and Therapeutics in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Delayed Cerebral Ischemia: An Overview.","authors":"Henry W Sanicola,&nbsp;Caleb E Stewart,&nbsp;Patrick Luther,&nbsp;Kevin Yabut,&nbsp;Bharat Guthikonda,&nbsp;J Dedrick Jordan,&nbsp;J Steven Alexander","doi":"10.3390/pathophysiology30030032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pathophysiology30030032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a type of hemorrhagic stroke resulting from the rupture of an arterial vessel within the brain. Unlike other stroke types, SAH affects both young adults (mid-40s) and the geriatric population. Patients with SAH often experience significant neurological deficits, leading to a substantial societal burden in terms of lost potential years of life. This review provides a comprehensive overview of SAH, examining its development across different stages (early, intermediate, and late) and highlighting the pathophysiological and pathohistological processes specific to each phase. The clinical management of SAH is also explored, focusing on tailored treatments and interventions to address the unique pathological changes that occur during each stage. Additionally, the paper reviews current treatment modalities and pharmacological interventions based on the evolving guidelines provided by the American Heart Association (AHA). Recent advances in our understanding of SAH will facilitate clinicians' improved management of SAH to reduce the incidence of delayed cerebral ischemia in patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19852,"journal":{"name":"Pathophysiology","volume":"30 3","pages":"420-442"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10536590/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41159968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling MYC's Role in Orchestrating Tumor Intrinsic and Tumor Microenvironment Interactions Driving Tumorigenesis and Drug Resistance.","authors":"Zinab O Doha, Rosalie C Sears","doi":"10.3390/pathophysiology30030031","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pathophysiology30030031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The transcription factor MYC plays a pivotal role in regulating various cellular processes and has been implicated in tumorigenesis across multiple cancer types. MYC has emerged as a master regulator governing tumor intrinsic and tumor microenvironment interactions, supporting tumor progression and driving drug resistance. This review paper aims to provide an overview and discussion of the intricate mechanisms through which MYC influences tumorigenesis and therapeutic resistance in cancer. We delve into the signaling pathways and molecular networks orchestrated by MYC in the context of tumor intrinsic characteristics, such as proliferation, replication stress and DNA repair. Furthermore, we explore the impact of MYC on the tumor microenvironment, including immune evasion, angiogenesis and cancer-associated fibroblast remodeling. Understanding MYC's multifaceted role in driving drug resistance and tumor progression is crucial for developing targeted therapies and combination treatments that may effectively combat this devastating disease. Through an analysis of the current literature, this review's goal is to shed light on the complexities of MYC-driven oncogenesis and its potential as a promising therapeutic target.</p>","PeriodicalId":19852,"journal":{"name":"Pathophysiology","volume":"30 3","pages":"400-419"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10537413/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41147851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acromegaly: Pathophysiological Considerations and Treatment Options Including the Evolving Role of Oral Somatostatin Analogs.","authors":"Charles P Daniel,&nbsp;Maxwell J Wagner,&nbsp;Grant E Borne,&nbsp;Connor J Plaisance,&nbsp;Shahab Ahmadzadeh,&nbsp;Alfonso Aquino,&nbsp;Sahar Shekoohi,&nbsp;Adam M Kaye,&nbsp;Elyse M Cornett,&nbsp;Alan D Kaye","doi":"10.3390/pathophysiology30030029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pathophysiology30030029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acromegaly is a condition most commonly diagnosed in the fifth decade of life and has numerous treatment options. In this regard, Mycapssa^® is the first FDA-approved oral octreotide capsule for treating acromegaly, combining the efficacy of the somatostatin receptor ligand, octreotide, with the ease of a twice-daily oral capsule. Where surgical treatment is not an option, somatostatin analogs, including octreotide, are the first line of medical treatment for acromegaly, requiring regular subcutaneous or intramuscular injections administered by a patient's healthcare provider. Octreotide capsules (Mycapssa^®) provide an alternative to these somatostatin receptor ligand injections by combining octreotide with other excipients to produce a transient permeability enhancer technology that improves paracellular transport of octreotide across the gastrointestinal wall into the small intestine. Across multiple trials, including open-label (CH-ACM-01), double-blind placebo-controlled (CHIASMA OPTIMAL), and open-label extension of the trial period (CHIASMA OPTIMAL OLE), Mycapssa^® octreotide capsules maintained a consistent biochemical normalization of IGF-1 and GH levels, safety profiles similar to injected somatostatin receptor ligands, and patient preference to continued treatment with octreotide capsules. While clinical trial data supports the use of octreotide capsules (Mycapssa^®) in the pharmacological management of GH and IGF-1 levels, very little data exist regarding the drug's efficacy, tolerability, and use in female or pediatric-specific populations. A better understanding of the efficacy, application, and role of oral octreotide capsules in the long-term medical management of acromegaly in a diversity of populations is imperative to best determine the risks/benefits for the clinician.</p>","PeriodicalId":19852,"journal":{"name":"Pathophysiology","volume":"30 3","pages":"377-388"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10537411/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41147534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long Non-Coding RNAs as \"MYC Facilitators\".","authors":"Daniel García-Caballero,&nbsp;Jonathan R Hart,&nbsp;Peter K Vogt","doi":"10.3390/pathophysiology30030030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pathophysiology30030030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this article, we discuss a class of MYC-interacting lncRNAs (long non-coding RNAs) that share the following criteria: They are direct transcriptional targets of MYC. Their expression is coordinated with the expression of MYC. They are required for sustained MYC-driven cell proliferation, and they are not essential for cell survival. We refer to these lncRNAs as \"MYC facilitators\" and discuss two representative members of this class of lncRNAs, SNHG17 (small nuclear RNA host gene) and LNROP (long non-coding regulator of POU2F2). We also present a general hypothesis on the role of lncRNAs in MYC-mediated transcriptional regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19852,"journal":{"name":"Pathophysiology","volume":"30 3","pages":"389-399"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10534484/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41159925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Characteristics of 6102 Asymptomatic and Mild Cases for Patients with COVID-19 in Indonesia.","authors":"Erwin Astha Triyono,&nbsp;Joni Wahyuhadi,&nbsp;Christijogo Soemartono Waloejo,&nbsp;Dimas Aji Perdana,&nbsp;Nabilah,&nbsp;Sisilia Dewanti,&nbsp;Amal Arifi Hidayat,&nbsp;Michael Austin Pradipta Lusida,&nbsp;Fani Sarasati,&nbsp;Ngurah Arie Kapindra Dharma,&nbsp;Muhammad Ikhtiar Zaki Al Razzak,&nbsp;Tanri Hadinata Wiranegara,&nbsp;Nurarifah Destianizar Ali","doi":"10.3390/pathophysiology30030028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pathophysiology30030028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a rise in confirmed cases, making epidemiological studies crucial for identifying the source of transmission and developing effective treatment methods. We conducted a study on the clinical characteristics of patients with asymptomatic and mild symptoms of COVID-19 at a rescue hospital in Indonesia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is an epidemiological study involving 6102 patients who were admitted to the Indrapura forefront hospital in Surabaya from May 2020 to February 2021. We described demographic data, clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory data, therapy, and clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 6102 patients were involved in this study, with 3664 (60.04%) being male and 2438 (39.95%) being female. The age range of 21-30 years was the most prevalent, accounting for 31.1% (1898 patients). The population had 1476 patients (24.2%) with comorbid conditions. The most prevalent comorbidity observed among these patients was hypertension, affecting 1015 individuals (16.6%). Out of the total 6006 patients observed, 40.7% (<i>n</i> = 2486) were asymptomatic, 54.6% (<i>n</i> = 3329) had mild symptoms, and 3.1% (<i>n</i> = 191) had moderate symptoms. All patients were administered supportive therapy without the use of antiviral medication. Out of the 6102 patients included in the study, 5923 patients (97.1%) achieved a cure, 36 patients (0.6%) are currently undergoing treatment, 142 patients (2.3%) were referred for desaturation indications (SpO2 < 94%), and one patient died due to a suspected cardiovascular event. Out of the total number of patients, 74.5% (4529 patients) had an average length of stay (LOS) of less than 10 days, while 25.6% (1563 patients) had an average length of stay of more than 10 days.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The clinical presentation of asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 patients at a rescue hospital varies significantly based on the age and sex of patients. Cough and hyposmia are commonly observed symptoms. Supportive therapy is effective, and strict implementation of social distancing is crucial in preventing the spread of this disease from individuals who are asymptomatic or have mild symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":19852,"journal":{"name":"Pathophysiology","volume":"30 3","pages":"366-376"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10443372/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10432882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathophysiology of Red Blood Cell Dysfunction in Diabetes and Its Complications.","authors":"Alyssa Williams, Rosi Bissinger, Hala Shamaa, Shivani Patel, Lavern Bourne, Ferruh Artunc, Syed M Qadri","doi":"10.3390/pathophysiology30030026","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pathophysiology30030026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disorder associated with multiple microvascular complications leading to nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy. Mounting evidence suggests that red blood cell (RBC) alterations are both a cause and consequence of disturbances related to DM-associated complications. Importantly, a significant proportion of DM patients develop varying degrees of anemia of confounding etiology, leading to increased morbidity. In chronic hyperglycemia, RBCs display morphological, enzymatic, and biophysical changes, which in turn prime them for swift phagocytic clearance from circulation. A multitude of endogenous factors, such as oxidative and dicarbonyl stress, uremic toxins, extracellular hypertonicity, sorbitol accumulation, and deranged nitric oxide metabolism, have been implicated in pathological RBC changes in DM. This review collates clinical laboratory findings of changes in hematology indices in DM patients and discusses recent reports on the putative mechanisms underpinning shortened RBC survival and disturbed cell membrane architecture within the diabetic milieu. Specifically, RBC cell death signaling, RBC metabolism, procoagulant RBC phenotype, RBC-triggered endothelial cell dysfunction, and changes in RBC deformability and aggregation in the context of DM are discussed. Understanding the mechanisms of RBC alterations in DM provides valuable insights into the clinical significance of the crosstalk between RBCs and microangiopathy in DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":19852,"journal":{"name":"Pathophysiology","volume":"30 3","pages":"327-345"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10443300/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10413854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myc beyond Cancer: Regulation of Mammalian Tissue Regeneration.","authors":"Barbara Illi,&nbsp;Sergio Nasi","doi":"10.3390/pathophysiology30030027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pathophysiology30030027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myc is one of the most well-known oncogenes driving tumorigenesis in a wide variety of tissues. From the brain to blood, its deregulation derails physiological pathways that grant the correct functioning of the cell. Its action is carried out at the gene expression level, where Myc governs basically every aspect of transcription. Indeed, in addition to its role as a canonical, chromatin-bound transcription factor, Myc rules RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) transcriptional pause-release, elongation and termination and mRNA capping. For this reason, it is evident that minimal perturbations of Myc function mirror malignant cell behavior and, consistently, a large body of literature mainly focuses on Myc malfunctioning. In healthy cells, Myc controls molecular mechanisms involved in pivotal functions, such as cell cycle (and proliferation thereof), apoptosis, metabolism and cell size, angiogenesis, differentiation and stem cell self-renewal. In this latter regard, Myc has been found to also regulate tissue regeneration, a hot topic in the research fields of aging and regenerative medicine. Indeed, Myc appears to have a role in wound healing, in peripheral nerves and in liver, pancreas and even heart recovery. Herein, we discuss the state of the art of Myc's role in tissue regeneration, giving an overview of its potent action beyond cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":19852,"journal":{"name":"Pathophysiology","volume":"30 3","pages":"346-365"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10443299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10058793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemodynamic, Oxygenation and Lymphocyte Parameters Predict COVID-19 Mortality.","authors":"Choirina Windradi,&nbsp;Tri Pudy Asmarawati,&nbsp;Alfian Nur Rosyid,&nbsp;Erika Marfiani,&nbsp;Bagus Aulia Mahdi,&nbsp;Okla Sekar Martani,&nbsp;Giarena Giarena,&nbsp;Esthiningrum Dewi Agustin,&nbsp;Milanitalia Gadys Rosandy","doi":"10.3390/pathophysiology30030025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pathophysiology30030025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mortality of COVID-19 patients has left the world devastated. Many scoring systems have been developed to predict the mortality of COVID-19 patients, but several scoring components cannot be carried out in limited health facilities. Herein, the authors attempted to create a new and easy scoring system involving mean arterial pressure (MAP), PF Ratio, or SF ratio-respiration rate (SF Ratio-R), and lymphocyte absolute, which were abbreviated as MPL or MSLR functioning, as a predictive scoring system for mortality within 30 days for COVID-19 patients. Of 132 patients with COVID-19 hospitalized between March and November 2021, we followed up on 96 patients. We present bivariate and multivariate analyses as well as the area under the curve (AUC) and Kaplan-Meier charts. From 96 patients, we obtained an MPL score of 3 points: MAP < 75 mmHg, PF Ratio < 200, and lymphocyte absolute < 1500/µL, whereas the MSLR score was 6 points: MAP < 75 mmHg, SF Ratio < 200, lymphocyte absolute < 1500/µL, and respiration rate 24/min. The MPL cut-off point is 2, while the MSLR is 4. MPL and MSLR have the same sensitivity (79.1%) and specificity (75.5%). The AUC value of MPL vs. MSLR was 0.802 vs. 0.807. The MPL ≥ 2 and MSLR ≥ 4 revealed similar predictions for survival within 30 days (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Conclusion: MPL and MSLR scores are potential predictors of mortality in COVID-19 patients within 30 days in a resource-limited country.</p>","PeriodicalId":19852,"journal":{"name":"Pathophysiology","volume":"30 3","pages":"314-326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10443272/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10114347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shift of N-MYC Oncogene Expression in AML Patients Carrying the FLT3-ITD Mutation.","authors":"Konstantin Bogdanov,&nbsp;Ekaterina Kudryavtseva,&nbsp;Yulia Fomicheva,&nbsp;Irina Churkina,&nbsp;Elza Lomaia,&nbsp;Larisa Girshova,&nbsp;Yuri Osipov,&nbsp;Andrey Zaritskey","doi":"10.3390/pathophysiology30030024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pathophysiology30030024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mutations in the <i>FLT3</i> gene not only lead to abnormalities in its structure and function, but also affect the expression of other genes involved in leukemogenesis. This study evaluated the expression of genes that are more characteristic of neuroblastoma but less studied in leukemia. <i>N-MYC</i> oncogene expression was found to be more than 3-fold higher in primary AML patients carrying the <i>FLT3-ITD</i> mutation compared to carriers of other mutations as well as patients with normal karyotype (<i>p</i> = 0.03946). In contrast to the expression of several genes (<i>C-MYC</i>, <i>SPT16</i>, <i>AURKA</i>, <i>AURKB</i>) directly correlated to the allelic load of <i>FLT3-ITD</i>, the expression of the <i>N-MYC</i> oncogene is extremely weakly related or independent of it (<i>p</i> = 0.0405). Monitoring of <i>N-MYC</i> expression in some patients with high <i>FLT3-ITD</i> allelic load receiving therapy showed that a decrease in <i>FLT3-ITD</i> allelic load is not always accompanied by a decrease in <i>N-MYC</i> expression. On the contrary, <i>N-MYC</i> expression may remain elevated during the first three months after therapy, which is additional evidence of the emergence of resistance to therapy and progression of AML.</p>","PeriodicalId":19852,"journal":{"name":"Pathophysiology","volume":"30 3","pages":"296-313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10443239/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10413848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}