Pakistan Veterinary Journal最新文献

{"title":"Characterization and Genome Analysis of a Novel Escherichia coli Bacteriophage vB_EcoS_W011D","authors":"Wan Xinwu, Hengyu Xi, Su JiZuo, Meng-jun Cheng, Wang Gang, H. Dali, Ruopeng Cai, Zijing Wang, Guan Yuan, Changjiang Sun, F. Xin, L. Lei, Sadeeq-ur-Rahman, Jianbao Dong, Han Wenyu, J. Gu","doi":"10.29261/pakvetj/2019.114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29261/pakvetj/2019.114","url":null,"abstract":"Received: Revised: Accepted: Published online: August 11, 2019 September 25, 2019 October 16, 2019 November 06, 2019 The application of phages against the increased reported drug resistant Escherichia coli is one of the promising alternative therapeutic options. The total number of phages on the earth are more than 10, but the phages that have been isolated and studied are limited. Hence, discovering of new phage and uncovering its characteristics will provide materials for extensive use of phage therapy in the future. In this study, a novel E. coli phage named vB_EcoS_W011D was isolated and the characteristics and genome were explored. The typical morphology of vB_EcoS_W011D is comprised of an icosahedral head and a constricted flexible rolled up tail, revealing that it is the genus TLS virus of Tunavirinae subfamily. One-step growth curve showing the eclipse and latent period of vB_EcoS_W011D was 5 min and 10 min, respectively, with the burst size of 115 PFU/cell. The genome of vB_EcoS_W011D is double-stranded consisting of 49,847 bp with 46.24% of G+C contents and shows ≤77% similarities (with 38% query coverage) to other reported phages. A total 85 putative ORFs were identified. Of which, 43 predicted ORFs had significant homology with other phage proteins of known functions. A putative Zonula occludes toxin was found in its genome. In addition, a clear difference was revealed on the phylogenetic analysis of it terminates large subunit and capsid protein. In conclusion, our study clearly indicates that vB_EcoS_W011D is a newly discovered E. coli phage that could be further investigated to elucidate phage variety and evolutionary relationship between bacteria and phages. ©2019 PVJ. All rights reserved","PeriodicalId":19845,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Veterinary Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43693514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Detection and Clinical Aspects of Feline Herpesvirus-1, Feline Immunodeficiency Virus and Feline Leukemia Virus in Cats in Istanbul, Turkey","authors":"E. Bayraktar, H. Yilmaz","doi":"10.29261/pakvetj/2020.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29261/pakvetj/2020.005","url":null,"abstract":"Received: Revised: Accepted: Published online: November 22, 2019 December 20, 2019 December 26, 2019 January 21, 2020 The aim of this study was molecular detection of FIV, FeLV and FHV-1 and determination of frequency of these infections in cats and evaluation of clinical signs and status of the animals. For this, 30 household cats and 30 stray cats were clinically examined and blood samples and eye-swabs were taken. Samples were analysed by ELISA and PCR. In ELISA, 4 of 60 cats were positive for FIV and 6 of 60 for FeLV. FIV proviral-DNA was detected in 6 of 60 cats and FeLV proviralDNA in 11 of 60 cats by PCR. Also, FHV-1-DNA was detected in eye swabs in 26 cats out of 60 cats. Clinically, eye disorders, ulcers in oral mucosa and respiratory disorders were observed in FIV, FeLV and FHV infected cats. Eye disorders were mostly seen in FHV-1 positive cats while fever was prominent in FeLV and FHV infected cats. The results show that FIV, FeLV and herpesvirus-1 are affecting the cat’s health and can make them susceptible to other pathogens which increase the risk of cat’s life. ©2019 PVJ. All rights reserved","PeriodicalId":19845,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Veterinary Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46507641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leukocytes Immunophenotype and Phagocytosis Activity in Pregnant and Nonpregnant Dromedary She Camels","authors":"J. Hussen, T. Shawaf, Abdullah I. A. Al-Mubarak, N. Al-Humam, F. Almathen, H. Schuberth","doi":"10.29261/pakvetj/2019.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29261/pakvetj/2019.117","url":null,"abstract":"To Cite This Article: Hussen J, Shawaf T, Al-Mubarak AIA, Al Humam NA, Almathen F and Schuberth HJ, 2020. Leukocytes immunophenotype and phagocytosis activity in pregnant and nonpregnant dromedary she camels. Pak Vet J, 40(2): 239-243. http://dx.doi.org/10.29261/pakvetj/2019.117 INTRODUCTION Embryonic loss is one of the major factors responsible for high economic losses in food animals. The maintenance of pregnancy is associated with modulations in different immune mechanisms, which ensure protection against pathogens and at the same time prevent immunological destruction of the conceptus (Aluvihare et al., 2004; Somerset et al., 2004). The pregnancy-associated changes occur not only in the local environment of the uterus but extend also to the peripheral immune system (Ott and Gifford, 2010; Kamat et al., 2016). For different species like human (Spadaro et al., 2019), cows (Leung et al., 2000; Oliveira et al., 2012), mares (Bazzano et al., 2014; Piccione et al., 2015) and sows (Zhang et al., 2017), local and systemic immunomodulatory effects of pregnancy have been widely studied. According to studies in human and rodents, both lymphoid and myeloid immune cells including NK cells,  T cells, B cells, -T lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells play significant role in maintaining pregnancy (Lash et al., 2010; Nagamatsu and Schust, 2010; Groebner et al., 2011). In dairy cows, the presence of a conceptus resulted in increased numbers of peripheral blood myeloid cells with enhanced expression of chemotactic factors, which attract these cells to the uterus (Kamat et al., 2016). Little is known about the impact of pregnancy on the immune system of dromedary she camels. The aim of the current study was, therefore, the comparative analysis of immunophenotype of blood leukocytes and phagocytosis activity of neutrophils in pregnant and nonpregnant dromedary she camels. The results of the current study would lead to a better understanding of immunology of pregnancy and the identification of the immunologic factors associated with higher pregnancy rates in she camels. RESEARCH ARTICLE Pak Vet J, 2020, 40(2): 239-243. 240 MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals and blood sampling: In this study, 18 pregnant and 21 non-pregnant dromedary she camels (Camelus dromedarius), aged 10-14 years and maintained at the Camel Research Center, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia were used. The pregnant she camels were at their mid gestation (between 5 and 10 month based on sonographic examination and insemination history). Blood samples (5 ml blood from each she camel) were collected from she camels during the period between January and May 2019 by jugular venepuncture in EDTA containing vacutainer tubes (BD, Germany). All experimental procedures and management conditions used in this study were approved by the Ethics Committee at King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia (Permission number DSR 1811001). Microscopic counting of leukocytes: Whole","PeriodicalId":19845,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Veterinary Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44645173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statistics of Canine Skin Tumors in Korea during 2005-2018","authors":"Kim Sh, Choi Ws, Seung Bj, Choi Sh, Lim Hy, Bae Mk, J. Sur","doi":"10.29261/PAKVETJ/2019.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29261/PAKVETJ/2019.014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19845,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Veterinary Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69865912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative Evaluation of Age-Related Anatomical Characteristics of Selected Digestive Organs of Dromedary Camel","authors":"Anum Qureshi, Sarmad Rehan, M. Usman, Khizar Hayat, Zaima Umar, A. Sarfraz","doi":"10.29261/pakvetj/2019.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29261/pakvetj/2019.129","url":null,"abstract":"Received: Revised: Accepted: Published online: August 04, 2019 December 07, 2019 December 09, 2019 December 31, 2019 This study was undertaken to explicate the age-related anatomical variations in the digestive system of dromedaries that might be very much helpful to understand its unique ability to digest different forages very efficiently than other ruminants. Digestive system organs were collected from 14 clinically healthy dromedaries of two age groups: young (1-2 years) or adult (>5 years) animals, after slaughtering for dissection and measurements. Before measuring and weighing various gastrointestinal sections, the mesentery, adipose tissue, and lymph nodes were removed. Studied parameters of upper digestive system included length and thickness of upper and lower lip along with philtrum, esophageal length and diameter. Furthermore, measurements of compound stomach viz rumino-reticulum length, height, diagonal and pillar thickness, both curvatures (dorsal and ventral), omasal and abomasum height, length and weight were also recorded. Lengths of the small and large intestines (small and large colon) were determined while containing digesta and morphological characters of liver (height, length and weight) were also estimated. An allometric regression model; Y (Model) = β (B.wt) × α was applied for bodyweight relation with digestive tract followed by analysis of means variance to compare the young and adult camels. Statistical analysis of anatomical parameters revealed a significant (P<0.05) improvement in the adult as compared to young dromedary group except the thickness of both (upper and lower) lip and philtrum for which non-significant (P>0.05) trend was recorded. Absolute weights of each organ were proved positively related to body weight, however, the relative weights were found negatively related to body weight. The age-related changes in the digestive system are obvious but quantification of these parameters may have a pivotal role to understand camel’s unique and efficient digestive system. ©2019 PVJ. All rights reserved","PeriodicalId":19845,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Veterinary Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45823809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment of Withdrawal Period after Oral Administration of Lincomycin and Colistin Combination in Broiler Chicken","authors":"N. Park","doi":"10.29261/pakvetj/2019.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29261/pakvetj/2019.115","url":null,"abstract":"Received: Revised: Accepted: Published online: August 22, 2019 October 18, 2019 October 25, 2019 November 06, 2019 The combination of lincomycin and colistin is widely used in poultry either for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infection or as additive. However, the presence of antimicrobial residues in food of animal origin is considered as threat to human health. Therefore, this study determined the withdrawal time (WT) by analyzing the residual concentration in tissues to overcome this problem. A combination product of lincomycin and colistin was administered to chickens. Antibiotic residues in edible tissues at different time-intervals were quantified using ELISA and chromatographic methods, and WT was determined. Antibiotics residues were high in the liver and kidney but were lower than the MRL on day 1 and rapidly decreased from day 3. The WT in the kidney was calculated as 2.95 days and is rounded off to 3 days. This study suggested the withdrawal time of 3 days as a precautionary principle for public health. ©2019 PVJ. All rights reserved","PeriodicalId":19845,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Veterinary Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45393328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sero-Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Mycoplasma Gallisepticum, Mycoplasma Synoviae and Salmonella Pullorum / Gallinarium in Poultry","authors":"M. Shoaib","doi":"10.29261/pakvetj/2019.097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29261/pakvetj/2019.097","url":null,"abstract":"Received: Revised: Accepted: Published online: April 22, 2019 July 17, 2019 July 19, 2019 September 05, 2019 In the present study, a total of 1667 sera samples were collected from breeder, broiler and layer birds to determine sero-prevalence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG), Mycoplasma synoviae (MS), Salmonella pullorum and Salmonella gallinarium (SPG) infections. Serum Plate Agglutination (SPA) test was used to determine the presence of antibodies against commercial MG, MS and SPG antigens. The overall sero-prevalence of MG, MS and SPG in case of broilers was 7.14%, 10% and 5.35%, in the layer birds was 44.9%, 42.6% and 51.32% and in broiler breeders was 59.6%, 50.13% and 44.1% respectively. The study shows that sero-prevalence of MG and MS was higher in breeder as compared to that of layers and broilers. However, for SPG the prevalence was found highest in layers. The sero-prevalence of MG was higher in female birds while of MS and SPG higher in males. The highest prevalence for all pathogens was found in the period from October to December. ©2019 PVJ. All rights reserved","PeriodicalId":19845,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Veterinary Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49560396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Kaolin and Bentonite Clay to Reduce Aflatoxin M1 Content in Contaminated Milk and Effects on Milk Quality","authors":"A. I. Moussa","doi":"10.29261/pakvetj/2020.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29261/pakvetj/2020.001","url":null,"abstract":"Received: Revised: Accepted: Published online: September 11, 2019 November 09, 2019 November 18, 2019 January 05, 2020 Mycotoxins contamination in milk products represents a major problem for milk industries. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is very stable and resists any heat treatments as pasteurization and sterilization methods. The aim of this study was to determine the level of aflatoxin M1 in fifty raw milk samples collected from different dairy shops in Kafr El-Sheikh governorate in Egypt. We also evaluated the efficacy of detoxification methods of AFM1 in milk by using natural clay as Kaolin and Cabentonite. The milk survey study revealed that AFM1 was detected in all the examined raw milk samples with mean value of 10.7±0.89 ppb, which exceeded the Egyptian standard and European Union limit in raw milk. Then we artificially contaminated raw milk samples with AFM1 standard and then added three different concentrations of Kaolin and Cabentonite (5gm, 10gm, 20 gm), separately. The obtained results showed a significant reduction and detoxification in AFM1 concentration by Kaolin and Cabentonite treatments comparing with non-treated milk. The percent AFM1 detoxification rate by using kaolin and Cabentonite clay was 86.1 to 93.3% and 93.7 to 97.7%, respectively without any changes in nutritional constituents of milk. Moreover, the Ca-bentonite clay revealed a tendency to the comprehensive removal of AFM1 by increasing the quantity of clay added to the tested milk. These results indicate efficacy and safe usage of kaolin and Ca-bentonite clay to detoxification and reduce the amount of AFM1 in raw milk and consequently; minimize its dangerous effect on the public health. ©2019 PVJ. All rights reserved","PeriodicalId":19845,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Veterinary Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41822592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Oxidative Stress and Histo-Biochemical Biomarkers of Diethyl Phthalate Induced Toxicity in a Cultureable Fish, Labeo rohita","authors":"M. Latif, M. Faheem, Asmatullah","doi":"10.29261/pakvetj/2019.108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29261/pakvetj/2019.108","url":null,"abstract":"Received: Revised: Accepted: Published online: September 09, 2019 October 12, 2019 October 13, 2019 October 19, 2019 Diethyl phthalate (DEP) is a widely used low-molecular weight phthalate which is ubiquitously detected in almost all kind of the environmental matrices. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of DEP-induced toxicity on a suite of biomarker responses in Labeo rohita (rohu). The median lethal concentration of DEP was found to be 4.38 mg L for 96 h. Fingerlings were exposed to a sub-lethal concentration of DEP i.e. 0.51 mg L(1/10 LC50) for a period of 21 day of the experiment. Oxidative stress and histo-biochemical biomarkers were studied using gills, liver, kidney and brain tissues on 7, 14 and 21 day. The results indicated that DEP-exposure has damaged the antioxidant status by inhibiting the activities of enzymatic stress markers (catalase, glutathione-s-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione) in all the studied tissues of rohu throughout the study period. Moreover, a significant increase in the levels of lipid peroxidation was observed in all the studied tissues in a time-dependent manner. The levels of hepatic-nephric biomarkers (ALT, AST, ALP, Urea and Creatinine) were found to be significantly elevated for DEP-exposed rohu when compared to control (P<0.05) throughout the study period. The histopathological marker showed severe lesions in the gills (hypertrophy, fusion and curling of lamellae,), liver (pyknotic nuclei, leukocytes infiltration and vacuolization) and kidney tissues (glomerulus expansion, narrowing and elongation of renal tubules) of DEP-exposed rohu. In conclusion, the above mentioned histo-biochemical parameters could be used as biomarkers for DEP toxicity monitoring in the aquatic ecosystem. ©2019 PVJ. All rights reserved","PeriodicalId":19845,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Veterinary Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42558194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological Changes of Porcine Granulosa Cells during in vitro Expansion","authors":"Hoàng Nghĩa Sơn","doi":"10.29261/pakvetj/2020.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29261/pakvetj/2020.010","url":null,"abstract":"Received: Revised: Accepted: Published online: September 15, 2019 October 23, 2019 November 23, 2019 January 22, 2020 This study aimed to assess morphological changes of porcine granulosa cells (pGCs) following in vitro long-term culture. The pGCs from passage 5 showed a dramatic enlargement of cytoplasm (14422.600±1300.704 μm) which was 8.23fold higher than pGCs from primary culture (1752.100±102.244 μm). Nuclear areas were increased from passage 0 (164.990±3.461 μm) to passage 4 (399.514±15.110 μm) and passage 5 (416.326±32.683 μm), respectively. The nucleocytoplasmic ratio of pGCs from passage 0 was 0.089±0.002 which was 2-fold higher than passage 4 (0.045±0.002) and 3-fold higher than passage 5 (0.029±0.002). The diameter of microfilament bundles of pGCs was increased from passage 0 (1.171±0.031 μm) to passage 4 (1.550±0.056 μm) and passage 5 (1.579±0.053 μm), respectively. The weak expression of beta-galactosidase was observed in the several pGCs from passage 2, while pGCs from passage 4 showed the strong activity of beta-galactosidase. The flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that the ratio of apoptotic pGCs was increased through in vitro expansion. These results revealed that pGCs exposed replicative senescent characteristics including the increase of nuclear and cell size, as well as the increase of diameter of actin filament bundles in cytoplasm, and the reduction of nucleocytoplasmic ratio. ©2019 PVJ. All rights reserved","PeriodicalId":19845,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Veterinary Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46980954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}