Pakistan BioMedical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Mean Satisfaction Scores in Patients Wearing Removable Dental Prosthesis According to Oral Health Index Profile-14","authors":"Aamna Mansur, Hanzala Waqar, Hanif Ullah, Aamir Syed, Haseeb Ullah, Sami Ullah","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v7i02.1060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v7i02.1060","url":null,"abstract":"Removable dental prosthetics, also known dentures, are used to restore function, appearance, and phonation after tooth loss. However, the majority of people who wear dentures are not satisfied with them. Objective: To assess the mean fulfillment score of patients utilizing removable denture prosthesis as per oral health index record profile-14 (OHIP-14). Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at the Department of Prosthodontics, Bacha Khan Medical College, Mardan from 5th November 2020 to 25th May 2021. A total of 272 participants of both gender with ages between 20 to 70 years, wearing acrylic removable partial denture in or the two arches for something like one year, and had no indications of pathology in leftover teeth were enrolled in this study. OHIP-14 examiner was utilized to gauge the factors of fulfillment with removable dental prosthesis. OHIP-14 scores were stratified among age groups and gender to see effect modifiers. The data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0. Results: The mean age of the participants in the study was. 53.28±10.997 years. The mean OHIP-score was 23.63±7.095. The mean OHIP-score in males was 23.34±6.641 and in females was 23.91±7.523. The difference in OHIP-14 score was not statistically significant (p=0.51). The highest mean OHIP-14 score was present in age group 20-30 years (25.20±5.673) followed by age group 61-70 years (24.27±7.290). The lowest OHIP-14 score was in age group 22.57±6.448 years. Conclusions: The average OHIP-14 score is lower, which further indicates reduced satisfaction with removable partial dentures. Age and gender had little impact on how satisfied people were with removable partial dentures. ","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140415547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biosensors Precision in Healthcare: A Scientific Odyssey","authors":"Khizar Hayat","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v7i01.1026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v7i01.1026","url":null,"abstract":"Biosensors have been the beacon of precision in the ever-evolving landscape of health care and offer a profound impact on diagnostics and patient care. These devices are designed to detect specific biological markers and convert then into measurable signals, seamlessly blending biology with cutting-edge technology. The diverse tapestry of biosensors encompass enzyme based sensors, immuno-assays, photo-biosensors, tissue-based sensors, DNA biosensors and nano-biosensors. Enzyme-based biosensors showcase unparalleled catalytic precision exemplified by glucose biosensors. Glucose oxidase serves as the biological catalyst and converts glucose into gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide. Electrodes of the sensor then transduce this reaction into measurable signals which enables the precise quantification of glucose levels in diabetes management. Similarly,  immunoassays rely on the specificity of antigen-antibody interactions. Most widely used immunoassay, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) exemplify this category, which finds applications in a number of diagnostics and provide a window into immunological responses and diseases such as HIV. Advancing the field of biosensing are the photobiosensors which utilize diverse technologies such as fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to illuminate biological processes. Genetically encoded biosensors that employ proteins like green fluorescent protein (GFP), enable non-invasive monitoring of cellular dynamics and offer real-time insights. Another cateogory, tissue-based biosensors converge the technology with the physiological environments. For instance, implantable glucose sensors that continuously monitor blood glucose concentrations and provide real-time data for personalized treatment approaches. At the core of precision diagnostics lie DNA biosensors such as DNA microarrays. They offer parallel analysis of gen expression, influencing decisions in cancer diagnostics and pharmacogenomics. Nanobiosensors, represented by nanoparticle-based sensors, navigate the nano-frontiers with exceptional sensitivity. For example, quantum dots exhibit unique optical properties for sensitive detection. Likewise, gold nanoparticles based biosensors enable real-time monitoring of drug release in drug delivery systems and emphasize their role in precision medicine. As biosensors advance, ethical considerations come to the forefront. Issues such as data privacy, consent, and equitable access to these technologies demand careful attention. It becomes imperative to ensure that biosensors are developed and deployed responsibly with a keen awareness of potential societal implications in navigating the ethical landscape. In the symphony of precision that biosensors bring to healthcare, their types and applications reflect not only technological prowess but also the ethical responsibility inherent in their development and deployment. As these devices continue to evolve, the healthcare landscape stands on the brink of a ","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"371 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140471030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Satisfaction of Students within Public Sector and Private Sector Medical Colleges: An Empirical Evidence from Pakistan","authors":"Sobia Haris, Sana Khan, Syeda Saima Qamar Naqvi, Muhammad Haris, Farah Deeba, Muhammad Jehangir Khan","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v7i01.1012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v7i01.1012","url":null,"abstract":"Medical education is a highly regarded career choice among the majority of students in Pakistan. A significant number of students enroll in medical colleges in Pakistan with the aim of serving humanity, obtaining social and financial advantages, and fulfilling their parents' desire to see them become doctors. In that respect the consideration of student satisfaction is important in relation to effectiveness within their performance as well. Objective: To analyze the satisfaction level for the students within the public and private sector medical colleges in Pakistan. Methods: he semi-structured interviews were selected for the current research. The interviews provided the expressive possibility towards collecting efficient data in from of opinions and experiences from 5 medical students enrolled in the public sector medical colleges and 5 medical students from private sector medical colleges in Pakistan. Results: The research highlighted that on the main consideration there were different types of issues which are influencing the satisfaction of students within different considerations and backgrounds from the medical sector. The teacher perception, way of teaching and the aligned developments in relation to better consideration here were related to the specified orientation for the structure of transformative development in relation to the satisfaction of students. Conclusions: On a concluding note, it can be said that the students in private and public medical colleges in Pakistan has satisfaction issues. However, the teacher support and facility have the possibility to enhance satisfaction","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"601 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140477072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency of Burnout and its Factors among Nurses Working at Tertiary Care Hospital Lahore","authors":"Zahida Perveen, .. Raja, .. Badil","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v7i01.1020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v7i01.1020","url":null,"abstract":"Nurses experience a high rate of burnout, which may be attributed to the physically and mentally exhausting profession. Consequently, it leads to a decrease in the quality of care. Objectives: The present study was employed to determine the frequency of burnout and its contributing factors among nurses. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Mayo Hospital, Lahore. Both male and female nurses and at least one year of job experience were included in the study. Nurses who were working in management posts were excluded from the study. A self-administered, pre-tested, and validated questionnaire “Copenhagen Burnout Inventory” was used to assess burnout. Results: Most of the nurses reported moderate levels of personal, professional, and client-related burnout. Gender was significantly and negatively associated with emotional burnout (β -.182; p=0.004), and rotation of duty was also found to be significantly and negatively related to personal burnout (β -0.271; p˂0.01) among nurses. Similarly, work-related burnout, gender (β -0.198; p=0.002), and rotation (β -0.175 p=0.006) were found to be negatively and significantly associated with burnout, while duty shift was significantly positively (β=0.169; p=0.010) related to work-related burnout. Age was positively associated (β=0.096; p=0.029) with client-related burnout, while residence (β -0.17; p=0.022, and rotation (β -0.617; p=0.004) were found to be negatively and significantly associated with client-related burnout. Conclusions: A high frequency of burnout was recorded among study participants. The long duty shifts and rotations had a significant impact on nurses' burnout in the present study.  ","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"432 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140472936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Parkinson’s disease in Pakistan – A Systematic Review","authors":"Yasir Akbar Jamali, Hajira Naila Rahu, Ashoke Kumar, Ali Bux Khuhro, Abdul Sami Shaikh, Sanam Soomro","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v7i01.1027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v7i01.1027","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous epidemiological investigations pertaining to Parkinson's disease (PD) have been carried out on a global scale during the course of time. While each research documented an increase in the frequency and incidence rate of PD as individuals age, there were variations in the overall estimations seen across various nations. Objective: The purpose of this study is to provide a thorough analysis of PD incidence and prevalence rates in Pakistan. Methods: Google Scholar, Medline, and Embase were used to look for studies which reported the incidence of PD around the world. The searches were limited to English-language studies about people that happened between 1965 to 2023. Results: A total of 7 studies were conducted on Parkinson’s disease in Pakistan. Muhammad Tufail et al. in a cross-sectional study observed a heightened prevalence of Parkinson's disease, with 600 patients identified in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK). In a cross-sectional study conducted in Lahore, 85 cases of PD were identified within a hospital setting. Fifty cases in a cross-sectional study were conducted at a Hospital in Rawalpindi. Saira et al. performed an observational study at Islamabad Hospital and found the prevalence of We estimated the overall frequency of PD in Pakistan was 1016 cases in this systematic review. Males were more diagnosed with PD as compared to females. Conclusions: The data from the studies reviewed here indicate that PD increased in Pakistan during the last decade. While males were dominant in this study which is not different from across the globe. ","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"58 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140476411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Stratification of Polyvascular Disease in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study at Mayo Hospital, Lahore","authors":"Muhammad Afzal Ali, Ayesha Tariq, Muhammad Arslan Aslam, Waseem Ahmed, Ali Saqlain Haider, Asma Sharif","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v7i01.1023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v7i01.1023","url":null,"abstract":"Polyvascular Disease, that encompasses peripheral artery disease and cerebrovascular disease, has gained prominence due to expanded clinical focus and research, primarily driven by its association with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) like myocardial infarction, cardiovascular death, and ischemic stroke. Objective: To determine the patients of PVD in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed and conducted at Department of Cardiology, Mayo Hospital, Lahore. between August 3, 2022 and February 2, 2023. 183 patients with AMI of either gender, age above 25 years and up to 80 years were included. Data were analyzed statistically using SPSS version 25.0. Results: Our study reported PVD in 57.4% of the patients with AMI. According to the stratification of PVD with numerous variables, notable variations emerged concerning age and symptom duration (p<0.05), whereas gender, BMI, type of AMI, and socio-economic status showed insignificant differences. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated that the PVD was highly prevalent among patients with AMI.","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"509 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140471005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Class Room Anxiety Among Nursing Students at Private Nursing Institute, Karachi, Pakistan","authors":"Haq Nawaz, Afsha Bibi, .. Fazlullah, Furqan Ahmad, Muhammad Younus, Imran Nazir, Said Zada","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v7i01.1022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v7i01.1022","url":null,"abstract":"Class room anxiety, stemming from academic pressure and fear of evaluation, impacts students' well-being and academic performance, underscoring the necessity for supportive learning environments. Objective: To assess the Class room anxiety level among nursing students. Methods: This cross-sectional study was undertaken at a private nursing institute in Karachi, Pakistan, from November 2023 to January 2024. Utilizing a convenient sampling technique, the study comprised one hundred twenty student participants. Results: The study's demographics reveal that 91.7% (n=110) of participants are aged 18-24, with a male majority of 83.3% (n=100). In terms of education year, 26.7% (n=32) are in the first year, 37.5% (n=45) in the third year, and 30.8% (n=37) in the fourth year. Regarding Class room anxiety, 7.5% (n=8) exhibited normal levels, 26.7% (n=32) showed mild to moderate anxiety, 55.0% (n=66) experienced severe anxiety, and 10.8% (n=13) reported extreme anxiety. Conclusions: This underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions in educational settings and emphasizes the ongoing importance of researching contributing factors for effective strategies to promote a healthier learning experience.","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"630 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140479682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Support, Social Isolation, And Quality of Life Among Patients with Hepatitis A, B, And C","authors":"Hina Imran, Maria Ghulam Nabi, Sanober Khanum, Mafia Shahzadi, Aqila Unbrin","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v7i01.1016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v7i01.1016","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatitis is a group of viral infections that affect the health and social life of an individual. Objective: To explore the association and the role of perceived social support, and social isolation, and their impact on quality of life among patients who have hepatitis type A, B, and C. Methods: A total of 500 participants were taken from the different areas urban and rural areas of Faisalabad.  The participant’s age ranges were between 18 to 55 years. The sample consisted of married participants (n=355, 71%) and unmarried were (n=145, 29%). A further sample was classified into hepatitis A (n=50, 10%), B (n=225, 45%), and C (n=225, 45%).  A purposive sampling technique was used to collect the data. The following measures were used to assess the findings i.e., Demographic Form, Social Disconnectedness Scale, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF scale was used to assess the quality of life. Results: The analyses reveal that patients with type C of Hepatitis are significantly different on the Social Disconnectedness Scale and the subscales of friends and family are significantly different on the Multidimensional Perceived Social. Furthermore, Analysis of Variance showed that there was a significant difference on each subscale of the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF among patients with Hepatitis A, B and C [ p<0.01]. Conclusions: It was concluded that social isolation negatively influences patient’s quality of life, the social support plays a vital role in improving patients’ quality of life. ","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"113 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140479030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Intracameral Moxifloxacin on Endothelial Cell Count and Endophthalmitis Prophylaxis After Cataract Surgery","authors":"Sara Riaz, S. Jahangir, Uzma Hamza, Irum Raza, Aamna Jabran","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v7i01.1032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v7i01.1032","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most feared side effects of contemporary cataract surgery is still endophthalmitis. Prophylactic measures include the use of antibiotics: topical, subconjunctival, and intracameral, to avoid endophthalmitis. Moxifloxacin 0.5% has been used most frequently in preventive late-stage regimens. Objective: To ascertain how well moxifloxacin prevented endophthalmitis in patients having cataract surgery. Methods: This was a descriptive case study and was conducted at Eye Departments of Allama Iqbal Medical College, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore and Ameer-ud-Din Medical College, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore. The study was commenced after approval of the synopsis and completed in 6 months. Results: In this study, 23.75%(n=19) were between 40-50 years, 61.25%(n=49) between 51-60 years and 15%(n=12) had >60 years of age, and their average was calculated as 53.99+6.22 years. 58.76%(n=47) were males and 41.25%(n=33) were females in the study. Mean endothelial cell count before cataract surgery was calculated as 2776 +177 while post-operative the average endothelial count was calculated as 2424 +72.8. while the frequency of effect of moxifloxacin, in the prevention of endophthalmitis in patients undergoing cataract surgery was recorded as 22.5%(n=18) while 77.5%(n=62) had no effect of moxifloxacin while preventing endophthalmitis in patients undergoing cataract surgery. Conclusions: We conclude that the effect of moxifloxacin, in preventing endophthalmitis in patients undergoing phacoemulsification surgery is not significantly higher and may be used in our setup for prevention of endophthalmitis, being a risk factor for blindness. Moxifloxacin does not affect the corneal endothelial cells significantly.   ","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"418 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140476967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Explore the Association of Anger with Academic Year Among Nursing Students at Private Nursing Institute Karachi Pakistan","authors":"Afsha Bibi, Fazal Khaliq, Muhammad Ishaq, Hammad Ahmad, Hafiz Asim Rasool, Saqib Mahmood","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v7i01.1021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v7i01.1021","url":null,"abstract":"Anger among nursing students can stem from various sources, considering the demanding nature of their education and future profession. Objective: To explore the association of anger with academic year among nursing students at a private nursing institute in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Horizon School of Nursing and Health Sciences: 128 nursing students were recruited through convenient sampling. Nursing students enrolled in various academic years were included. Results: The study findings revealed that the participants are predominantly male, making up 85.6% of the sample, while females represent 14.4%. Moreover, the findings revealed that the mean anger score is calculated at 28.8366, indicating the average level of anger reported by nursing students. The findings also include p-values, highlighting significant differences in academic years (p = 0.016) but not in gender (p = 0.156) or age groups (p = 0.440). The study found average anger levels among nursing students (28.8366). Academic years showed significant differences in anger (p = 0.016), while gender (p = 0.156) and age (p = 0.440) did not. Conclusions: Tailored support for specific program stages could enhance student well-being. ","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140470859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}