Personalized Medicine in Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"The use of machine learning and deep learning models in detecting depression on social media: A systematic literature review","authors":"Wadzani Aduwamai Gadzama,&nbsp;Danlami Gabi,&nbsp;Musa Sule Argungu,&nbsp;Hassan Umar Suru","doi":"10.1016/j.pmip.2024.100125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmip.2024.100125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Depression is regarded as one of the world's primary concerns. Recent researchers use artificial intelligence techniques like machine learning and deep learning to identify depressive symptoms automatically. This literature review focuses on using machine learning and deep learning models in depression detection on social media. Advances in deep learning have improved methods for identifying depression, which is one of the illnesses that affect the health of individuals. Some researchers employ a variety of deep-learning approaches to improve the diagnosis, detection, and prediction of depression to support expert decision-making. The researchers identified the available prediction techniques and tools used to detect, forecast, compare, and classify depression in victims systematically. Twenty-eight (28) articles relevant to machine learning and thirty-two (32) articles linked to deep learning were chosen and considered using boolean keyword searches in different publishing databases and filters. A significant number of the studies, according to the conclusions of the analysis, used machine learning techniques such as decision trees, K-nearest neighbours, naive bayes, random forests, and support vector machines. The deep learning models that are most frequently utilised include convolutional neural networks, long short-term memory, and recurrent neural networks with different datasets to detect subjects suffering from depression using social media data. The datasets used in these studies include Twitter, Facebook, Reddit, tweets from the Kaggle website, and clinic patients’ records. These datasets can include posts, comments, audio, video, images, and interviews. The results of this study revealed that, recently, several approaches have focused on using deep learning for depression detection. The paper highlighted that most research focuses on the detection and identification of depression. Prospects for cutting-edge studies in the detection of depression and other illnesses that are related to health were also suggested.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19837,"journal":{"name":"Personalized Medicine in Psychiatry","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 100125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140350895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The temporal dynamics of daily stress, affect, and several affect regulation processes, in patients with chronic mood and anxiety disorders before and after a mindful yoga intervention","authors":"Nina K. Vollbehr ,&nbsp;Sanne H. Booij ,&nbsp;H.J. Rogier Hoenders ,&nbsp;Brian D. Ostafin ,&nbsp;Agna A. Bartels-Velthuis","doi":"10.1016/j.pmip.2024.100123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmip.2024.100123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Objectives</h3><p>Patients with chronic mood and anxiety disorders experience many life stressors and are more reactive to these stressors. Although mindful yoga might reduce stress reactivity, little is known about the affect regulation mechanisms involved, such as repetitive negative thinking, fear of emotion, acting with awareness and body awareness.</p></div><div><h3>Design and Methods</h3><p>Using experience sampling methodology, 12 patients with chronic mood and anxiety disorders completed five daily assessments for 15 days before and after a 9-week mindful yoga intervention. Interrupted time-series analyses were used to assess mean-level change from pre-to-post intervention and vector autoregressive models to assess change in the temporal associations.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Most individuals experienced positive changes in affect and the proposed affect regulation processes. Fear of emotion showed changes from pre-to-post intervention for most individuals (67%), followed by acting with awareness (58%), body awareness (58%) and repetitive negative thinking (50%). In the dynamic relationships between stressors, the four affect regulation processes and affect, there were individual differences in which pathways changed and how they changed.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>After a mindful yoga intervention, affect and several affect regulation processes improve in most individuals. Achieving this in the context of daily life stress, seems to be more complicated.</p></div><div><h3>Trial registration</h3><p>ISRCTN register (study ID ISRCTN13612864).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19837,"journal":{"name":"Personalized Medicine in Psychiatry","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 100123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468171724000097/pdfft?md5=fb4c1bc27d688a2f20c3b5f1843121c0&pid=1-s2.0-S2468171724000097-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140163803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lifetime history of childhood adversity and substance abuse in patients with treatment resistant depression","authors":"Eugenia Giampetruzzi,&nbsp;William McDonald,&nbsp;Hanna Rice,&nbsp;Brandon M. Kitay,&nbsp;Adriana P. Hermida,&nbsp;Patricio Riva Posse,&nbsp;Rachel Hershenberg","doi":"10.1016/j.pmip.2024.100122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmip.2024.100122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Both adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and substance abuse have shown individual associations with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Yet, limited research has explored the joint association of ACEs and substance abuse in TRD patients. This study aimed to evaluate how the amount and type of ACE exposure increase the risk of lifetime substance abuse in a clinical sample of 725 outpatients diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) or persistent depressive disorder.</p><p>Logistic regression analyses were used to assess whether heightened ACE exposure increased the risk of substance abuse, and to examine the relationship between five ACE subtypes (e.g., sexual abuse (CSA), physical violence, injury/illness, childhood grief, and parental upheaval) and history of substance abuse.</p><p>Greater ACE exposure increased risk of substance abuse. CSA independently predicted a history of substance abuse. This provides further evidence for the additive effects of ACEs and that CSA may have a unique link to substance abuse.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19837,"journal":{"name":"Personalized Medicine in Psychiatry","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140066696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The multi-modal treatment of catatonia: Targeting multiple receptors when GABA-based benzodiazepines fail","authors":"Nikhila Veluri ,&nbsp;William Wise ,&nbsp;Roberto Kutcher ,&nbsp;Silvina Tonarelli ,&nbsp;Martin Guerrero","doi":"10.1016/j.pmip.2024.100121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmip.2024.100121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The family brought a 48-year-old woman with major depressive disorder to the emergency room due to unresponsiveness and bizarre behavior. Catatonia was suspected and confirmed by a positive lorazepam challenge test. The patient’s home regimen included bupropion, though the family reported non-adherence. Intravenous lorazepam was scheduled, and the patient’s catatonic symptoms gradually improved. Gradual tapering of lorazepam caused the re-appearance of catatonic symptoms. Each attempt at tapering lorazepam resulted in catatonic symptoms resurfacing and requiring higher scheduled doses of lorazepam. Electroconvulsive treatment was not an option as (1) it was not easily accessible, and (2) the patient did not consent. Multiple anti-depressants were tried and discontinued due to intolerable side effects, and the patient eventually partially improved with mirtazapine, zolpidem, memantine, and lorazepam. Catatonia is a complex neuropsychiatric syndrome that requires prompt recognition, diagnosis, and treatment. Such cases pose a challenge to physicians. Our case emphasizes considering the uniqueness of each individual’s presentation of chronic catatonia during treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19837,"journal":{"name":"Personalized Medicine in Psychiatry","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140031485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of response to intranasal ketamine in patients hospitalized for treatment-resistant depression","authors":"Evyn M. Peters ,&nbsp;Katelyn Halpape ,&nbsp;Isaac Cheveldae ,&nbsp;Patrick Jacobson ,&nbsp;Annabelle Wanson","doi":"10.1016/j.pmip.2024.100119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmip.2024.100119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Ketamine is recognized as an effective treatment for major depressive disorder but there remains a need to identify predictors of response to ketamine therapy.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This naturalistic study was a retrospective analysis of data from 48 patients with treatment-resistant depression who received up to four doses of intranasal ketamine in an acute psychiatric hospital setting. Baseline demographic and clinical variables were examined as potential predictors of response along with treatment-emergent dissociation and blood pressure changes. Response was defined as a depression score decrease of 50% or more from baseline measured with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale or the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The response rate was significantly lower in patients diagnosed with a personality disorder, the most common of which was borderline personality disorder. In contrast, baseline scores on patient-reported questionnaires assessing maladaptive personality traits were not associated with lower response rates. Adverse childhood experiences and dissociation during treatment were associated with higher response rates.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Patients with significant childhood trauma appeared to benefit more from ketamine treatment, consistent with previous research. More research to determine if personality disorders influence ketamine response is needed and should distinguish clinical diagnoses from those derived solely from patient-reported questionnaires. Treatment-emergent dissociation could be a predictor of response to intranasal ketamine but requires further study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19837,"journal":{"name":"Personalized Medicine in Psychiatry","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139945064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and psychosocial factors affecting outcome with sublingual buprenorphine-naloxone substitution in opioid dependence in terms of abstinence and compliance-A two years longitudinal study","authors":"Sourav Das ,&nbsp;Sreetama Chatterjee ,&nbsp;Aniket Mukherjee ,&nbsp;Divyashree Sah","doi":"10.1016/j.pmip.2024.100120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmip.2024.100120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Sublingual buprenorphine-naloxone combination is effective and safe as maintenance therapy in opioid dependence but there is little data to choose the right candidates based on clinical and sociodemographic profiles, often leading to poorer outcomes and relapse. Our study aims to aid clinicians in selecting appropriate candidates for such therapy.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We conducted a prospective observational study on 106 Opioid-dependent subjects over 5 years where each subject was followed up for 2 years. Sociodemographic profiles, opioid dependence severity, buprenorphine-naloxone dose needed, age at treatment onset, duration of opioid dependence, presence of comorbid Axis I, Axis II disorders, other substance use, and other relevant factors were measured.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Most of the subjects were young adult males with severe dependence. Only 17% remained non-compliant while 18.87% relapsed completely. Buprenorphine-naloxone dose needed was significantly correlated with the severity of dependence. Good compliance with buprenorphine-naloxone predicted less relapse to opioids. Higher buprenorphine-naloxone dose, financial stability, employment and not having problems with primary support group predicted more compliance and abstinence. Being graduate, coexisting mood or anxiety disorders predicted better compliance. Comorbid Axis II disorders, benzodiazepine, or cannabis dependence predicted higher relapse. Ironically, having high perceived criticism was found to be protective against relapse.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Buprenorphine-naloxone therapy has a high rate of long-term compliance even with severe opioid dependence with a relapse rate of less than one in five subjects. Compliance is the biggest predictor of abstinence offering excellent protection against relapse, particularly with optimum dosing of Buprenorphine-naloxone, employment, financial stability, and supportive family.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19837,"journal":{"name":"Personalized Medicine in Psychiatry","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139914595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental health of young researchers in academia: Towards to growth perspective","authors":"Dina Di Giacomo ,&nbsp;Eleonora Cilli ,&nbsp;Jessica Ranieri ,&nbsp;Federica Guerra ,&nbsp;Alessandra Martelli","doi":"10.1016/j.pmip.2024.100116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmip.2024.100116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Young Researchers are a strategic sector in the research community because of the future academic scholars. Recently, growing evidence suggests mental health of young generation of researchers has a significant impact on their wellness, as well the related research output and their future career development. This study aimed to contribute and exploit a conceptual framework self-determination theory tailored to the academic context considering the specifics and challenges of academia.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Participants were 134 young Early Career Academics (mean age = 30.6; SD = 4.38; range = 25–40 years) enrolled via institutional e-mail. Psychological assessment was conducted applying standardized tests evaluating depression, anxiety, stress, emotional regulation difficulties and grit trait.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Our findings highlighted a general trend toward negative psychological dimensions in young researchers: PhD students and Research contracts showed signs of depression, anxiety and stress. More, they highlighted reduced positive outcomes in psychological dimensions, as well as lower ability to manage emotional experiences and then to be perseverant for long-term goals and motivation. The balancing among examined psychological dimensions represents the perspective for mental health actions towards to personal growth related to successful academia experience.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Policy changes, communication activities and health-promotion activities through the circulation of experience, sharing actions, and strategies could be the pillar for fostering healthy academics by raising awareness, implementing interventions, or engaging professionals concerning mental health in academia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19837,"journal":{"name":"Personalized Medicine in Psychiatry","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468171724000024/pdfft?md5=97b5a88a54b6011ff5620324010478a8&pid=1-s2.0-S2468171724000024-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139674723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ten-year patterns of psychiatric medications dispensed to adolescent in Finland: Open dialogue-informed practice in Western Lapland as compared to practice in other Finnish regions","authors":"Kari Valtanen ,&nbsp;Jaakko Seikkula ,&nbsp;Mia Kurtti ,&nbsp;Jouko Miettunen ,&nbsp;Tomi Bergström","doi":"10.1016/j.pmip.2024.100117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmip.2024.100117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The iatrogenic risks of long-term psychotropic treatment<span><span><span> can be minimized by reducing the amount of medication prescribed, which may be a factor in the promising outcomes of need-adapted treatment strategies such as the Open Dialogue (OD) approach. However, there is no comparison between long-term psychotropic treatment patterns in adolescents under OD-based and standard psychiatric care. This longitudinal register-based </span>cohort study study aimed to describe the long-term medication patterns in Finland for all adolescents aged 13–20 receiving first-time </span>psychiatric treatment from 2003 to 2008 (N = 44,685). Adolescents treated in other parts of Finland (n = 44,088) were compared to those in the Western Lapland catchment area (n = 780), where OD covered the entire mental healthcare service. Data on medication dispensation from the start of treatment until the 10-year follow-up or death were analyzed.</span></p><p><span>Adolescents who started treatment outside OD were more likely to be dispensed antipsychotics (aOR: 2.4, 95 %CI: 1.9–2.9), antidepressants (aOR: 1.8, 95 %CI: 1.5–2), and </span>benzodiazepines<span> (aOR: 2.4, 95 %CI: 1.9–3). The proportion of those receiving antipsychotics and antidepressants remained stable, with a slight increase in the OD group. Both groups showed an increasing percentage of benzodiazepine and stimulant use in the final follow-up years. Most drug treatment periods lasted less than two years. Under OD, adolescents had lower cumulative medication exposure, suggesting lower dosages than standard care.</span></p><p>Organizing mental health services based on OD may reduce psychotropic treatment in young people, but further research is needed to assess its clinical significance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19837,"journal":{"name":"Personalized Medicine in Psychiatry","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139674722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond one-size-fits-all: The rise of personalized treatment in schizophrenia","authors":"Abdulqadir J. Nashwan ,&nbsp;Bashaer Elawfi","doi":"10.1016/j.pmip.2024.100118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmip.2024.100118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Schizophrenia is a complex disorder characterized by various symptoms, presentations, and prognostic outcomes. This diversity is attributed to its multifactorial origins, including </span>genetic and </span>environmental factors<span>. Historically, antipsychotic<span><span> medications have played a pivotal role in managing the disorder, but they exhibit varying degrees of response among patients. A significant percentage of patients do not respond favorably to conventional antipsychotic therapy. The push for personalized medicine highlights the need for treatment<span> modalities tailored to individuals' genetic, biomarker, and psychosocial characteristics. Genome-wide association studies reveal schizophrenia as a polygenic disorder, indicating varied genetic profiles among patients. This genetic diversity suggests that different </span></span>biological processes<span> could impact each patient, leading to distinct clinical presentations. The emerging pharmacogenetics field could shift schizophrenia treatment from a trial-and-error basis to a more individualized approach. Concurrently, psychotherapy has become integral in schizophrenia management, addressing the disorder's heterogeneous nature. The move towards personalized therapy for schizophrenia offers a more dynamic, patient-focused approach, aiming for holistic recovery by intertwining evidence-based strategies with individual experiences. As the field evolves, integrating technological and neuroscientific developments promises improved therapeutic outcomes, promoting overall well-being.</span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":19837,"journal":{"name":"Personalized Medicine in Psychiatry","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139654216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low dose pipamperone therapy for major depression: A randomized controlled clinical trial comparison with citalopram","authors":"Erik Buntinx ,&nbsp;Lars Bastiaanse ,&nbsp;Alan S. Schatzberg ,&nbsp;Charles B. Nemeroff ,&nbsp;Philip D. Harvey","doi":"10.1016/j.pmip.2024.100115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmip.2024.100115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Serotonin-Dopamine antagonists (SDA) have been evaluated as monotherapy and augmentation therapy for major depression (MDD) Despite evidence of efficacy for both, adverse events with SDA are considerably greater than for monotherapy. In this randomized clinical trial, low doses of pipamperone, an SDA approved in the EU, were used to treat major depression. We were in efficacy across treatments and the relative safety of pipamperone compared to previous treatments with SDA.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this study, patients with MDD (n = 555; 535 received treatment) were randomized to low dose pipamperone plus placebo, citalopram plus placebo, or pipamperone plus citalopram in a 10-week efficacy study. Adverse events and clinician efficacy ratings with MADRS were examined.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The study was completed by 383 participants, with the most common reason for drop out being withdrawal of consent. All three arms showed treatment-related changes with no significant differences between treatments (all effect sizes from larger than d = 1.48, largest = 1.77: pipamperone plus citalopram). Drop-outs due to adverse events were 4 % with pipamperone monotherapy, compared to 3 % with citalopram alone. There were no differences in weight gain across the treatments and EPS was reported by one case and tremor was reported by two cases with combined treatment arm. Nausea was more common with citalopram monotherapy (16 % vs 9 % for pipamperone).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These data suggest that low doses of pipamperone have a substantially better safety profile than previous SDA medications used to treat MDD and that pipamperone has potential to be an efficacious treatment for MD, as monotherapy or combination therapy.</p></div><div><h3>Clinical Trials Registration</h3><p>This trial was registered on clinicaltrials.gov: (NCT01312922).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19837,"journal":{"name":"Personalized Medicine in Psychiatry","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468171724000012/pdfft?md5=509d7728ba0ab0afc449f0ac6a4c8bd1&pid=1-s2.0-S2468171724000012-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139548535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}