Personalized Medicine in Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Anxiolytic, antidepressant, and hypnotic effects on the accuracy and speed of accessing information from episodic memory","authors":"Selene Cansino ,&nbsp;Frine Torres-Trejo ,&nbsp;Cinthya Estrada-Manilla ,&nbsp;Silvia Ruiz-Velasco","doi":"10.1016/j.pmip.2025.100161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmip.2025.100161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of anxiolytics, antidepressants, and hypnotics to alleviate minor symptoms of anxiety, depression, and insomnia in the absence of any major disease has become extremely common. However, the effects of these medications are not completely understood. The aim of the present study was to examine the potential effects of these drugs on episodic memory, the ability to remember our personal experiences. In this study, we employed a computerized task that allowed us to measure recollection and recognition accuracy and speed within episodic memory. The participants’ ages ranged from 21 to 80 years; 87 of whom had taken exclusively anxiolytics, 94 had taken only antidepressants, and 36 had taken only hypnotics at some time in their lives but had not taken them for at least six months. These groups were compared with individuals who had never taken any of these medications and were matched by sex, age, and years of education. Recollection accuracy was lower in anxiolytics and antidepressants users compared with nonusers. In addition, we found that the longer and more frequently these drugs were taken, the worse recollection became. Recollection, one of the most essential memory processes to preserve autonomous everyday living, is affected by the consumption of anxiolytics and antidepressants, and this occurs across all ages in the adult life span.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19837,"journal":{"name":"Personalized Medicine in Psychiatry","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144229953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the efficacy of antidepressant pharmacotherapy for interpersonal sensitivity in patients with depressive disorders","authors":"Cindy Li,&nbsp;Orhan Yilmaz,&nbsp;Evyn M. Peters","doi":"10.1016/j.pmip.2025.100153","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmip.2025.100153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interpersonal sensitivity is a transdiagnostic trait vulnerability factor for several psychiatric conditions, most notably atypical depression. Surprisingly little research attention has been devoted to pharmacotherapy for interpersonal sensitivity. We conducted a literature review of randomized controlled trials conducted over five decades to determine which antidepressant medications have demonstrated efficacy on the Hopkins Symptom Checklist interpersonal sensitivity factors. Our search focused on adult samples with unipolar depressive disorders. Compared to placebo, we found consistent evidence for the superiority of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and imipramine, as well as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (mainly phenelzine) specifically for patients with atypical or anxious depression. Mianserin did not appear to be effective in two trials. Phenelzine was superior to imipramine, but only for patients with atypical features, mirroring the trends observed for depression treatment effects in those trials. There was inconsistent evidence for the superiority of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors over tricyclics (mainly imipramine), but no studies reported the converse. Some trials were underpowered with small sample sizes, or did not adequately report statistics. There was a notable absence of studies with newer antidepressants. Although interpersonal sensitivity clearly responds to serotonergic antidepressants, it is not clear from the existing literature if these are more effective than medications lacking such properties. Future research will need to carefully choose pharmacologic agents with nonoverlapping mechanisms to answer this question.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19837,"journal":{"name":"Personalized Medicine in Psychiatry","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143912982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Negative social interactions on the relationship between ADD/ADHD and both anxious and depressive symptoms among Canadian adults","authors":"Ross D. Connolly ,&nbsp;Allyson Lamont ,&nbsp;David Speed","doi":"10.1016/j.pmip.2025.100165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmip.2025.100165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The primary goal of the present research was to examine whether the associations that negative social interactions (NSIs) demonstrate with both anxiety and depression varied between adults with and without attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a Canadian sample.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Data were obtained from the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey–Mental Health (<em>N</em> ≥ 16,354). Presence of NSIs, diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and experience of major depressive episodes (MDEs) were estimated in the self-report ADHD and non-ADHD groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>NSIs were positively associated with having GAD and experiencing an MDE. Self-reported ADHD was also positively associated with these diagnostic outcomes. Presence of self-reported ADHD did not significantly modify the associations between NSI and GAD or NSI and MDE.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings show that increased levels of NSIs are significant predictors of an increased risk of experiencing anxiety and depression, and that ADHD itself a corelate of anxiety and depression. However, the associations that NSIs demonstrate with anxiety and with depression do not significantly differ based on the presence or absence of an ADHD diagnosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19837,"journal":{"name":"Personalized Medicine in Psychiatry","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144702602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What’s next for misophonia? Child and parent priorities for misophonia advocacy, treatment, and research","authors":"Katherine L. Abraham ,&nbsp;Catherine E. Rast ,&nbsp;Eric A. Storch ,&nbsp;Andrew G. Guzick","doi":"10.1016/j.pmip.2025.100160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmip.2025.100160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Misophonia is characterized by sensitivity to specific common sounds and associated visual stimuli. Despite a high estimated prevalence in the general population, “misophonia” as a term remains largely unknown by the general population, with research on misophonia treatment still in a nascent stage. This is especially the case in children and adolescents, despite misophonia most often beginning in this time. To guide the growing foundation of misophonia literature, this study seeks to inquire about advocacy, research, and treatment priorities from the perspective of youth with misophonia and their parents.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this study, twenty youth with clinically significant misophonia (ages 10–17) and their parents engaged in semi-structured focused interviews. Interviews were transcribed and thematically analyzed using an inductive approach.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Eight themes were identified, including <em>Advancing Awareness for Advocacy, Misophonia is Outside a Child’s Control, Practical and Misophonia-Specific Therapies Needed</em>, <em>Understanding the Neurobiology of Misophonia, Defining Misophonia Beyond Sound Triggers</em>, <em>Understanding the Daily Impact of Misophonia, Uncovering the Misophonia-Mental Health Connection</em>, and <em>Long-Term Prognosis.</em></div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>While some participants’ ideas were distinctive to their experience, several themes, described above, emerged across interviews. These findings propose paths forward for future advocacy, research, and treatment development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19837,"journal":{"name":"Personalized Medicine in Psychiatry","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144222609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjunctive treatment for treatment-resistant depression: A systematic review","authors":"Michele F Rodrigues,&nbsp;Larissa Junkes,&nbsp;Jose Appolinario,&nbsp;Antonio E Nardi","doi":"10.1016/j.pmip.2025.100148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmip.2025.100148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Treatment-Resistant Depression is a significant mental health challenge characterized by an inadequate response to standard treatments. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy has shown promise for depression, but its effectiveness for Treatment-Resistant Depression remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness and safety of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy as an adjunctive treatment for Treatment-Resistant Depression.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, <span><span>ClinicalTrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>, and PsycInfo up to June 15, 2024, without language restrictions. Randomized controlled trials comparing Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy plus treatment as usual to treatment as usual alone in individuals with Treatment-Resistant Depression were included. The primary outcome was depressive symptom severity. Secondary outcomes included quality of life, rumination, mindfulness skills, and self-compassion.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The review included 13 studies with a total of 864 participants. Preliminary evidence suggests that Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy significantly may help reduce depressive symptoms compared to treatment as usual or active controls, with effect sizes ranging from moderate to large (Cohen’s d = 0.54 to 1.04) in well-designed studies. Some improvements were also noted in quality of life (d = 0.36 to 0.51), rumination (d = 0.39), mindfulness skills (d = 0.73), and self-compassion (d = 0.21 to 0.64).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>While encouraging, the current evidence suggests that Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy maybe a promising intervention for Treatment-Resistant Depression However, methodological limitations, including heterogeneity in study designs and TRD definitions, preclude definitive conclusions. Future research should prioritize well-designed randomized controlled trials to establish its efficacy and optimal implementation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19837,"journal":{"name":"Personalized Medicine in Psychiatry","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143103992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Home-based transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in major depressive disorder: Enhanced network synchronization with active relative to sham and deep learning-based predictors of remission","authors":"Wenyi Xiao ,&nbsp;Jijomon C. Moncy ,&nbsp;Rachel D. Woodham ,&nbsp;Sudhakar Selvaraj ,&nbsp;Nahed Lajmi ,&nbsp;Harriet Hobday ,&nbsp;Gabrielle Sheehan ,&nbsp;Ali-Reza Ghazi-Noori ,&nbsp;Peter J. Lagerberg ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Machado-Vieira ,&nbsp;Jair C. Soares ,&nbsp;Allan H. Young ,&nbsp;Cynthia H.Y. Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.pmip.2024.100147","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmip.2024.100147","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To investigate neural oscillatory networks in major depressive disorder (MDD), effects of home-based transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) treatment, and predictors of treatment remission.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In a randomized controlled trial, EEG data were acquired from 21 MDD participants (16 women, mean age 36.63 ± 9.71 years) with moderate to severe depressive episodes (mean HAMD score 18.42 ± 1.80). Participants were randomized to active (n = 11) or sham tDCS (n = 8). Home-based tDCS treatment was administered for 10 weeks, with 5 sessions per week for 3 weeks, then 3 sessions per week for 7 weeks. Active tDCS was 2 mA, and sham tDCS was 0 mA with brief ramp-up/down periods. Clinical remission was defined as HAMD score ≤ 7. Resting-state EEG data were collected at baseline and at the 10-week end of treatment using a portable 4-channel EEG device. EEG band power and functional connectivity (phase locking value, PLV) were analyzed. Deep learning identified predictors of treatment remission from baseline PLV features.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The active tDCS group showed higher gamma PLV in frontal and temporal regions compared to the sham group. Positive correlations between changes in delta, theta, alpha, and beta PLV and depression improvement were observed in the active group. Combining PLV features from theta, alpha, and beta achieved the highest treatment remission prediction accuracy: 71.94 % (sensitivity 52.88 %, specificity 83.06 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Synchronized brain activity in gamma PLV may be a mechanism of active tDCS. Baseline resting-state EEG could predict treatment remission. Home-based EEG measures are feasible and useful predictors of clinical outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19837,"journal":{"name":"Personalized Medicine in Psychiatry","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gene therapy for obsessive–compulsive disorder: Basic research and clinical prospects","authors":"Fatemeh Bamarinejad ,&nbsp;Marzieh Shokoohi ,&nbsp;Atefeh Bamarinejad","doi":"10.1016/j.pmip.2025.100149","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmip.2025.100149","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a prevalent psychiatric condition known for its resistance to conventional treatments. Despite available pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions, a significant number of patients do not respond adequately to these approaches. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified genetic links to OCD, sparking interest in exploring gene therapy as an alternative treatment method.</div></div><div><h3>Main body</h3><div>Gene therapy involves correcting or replacing defective genes to target the root cause of the disorder. Preliminary studies have shown promising results, focusing on genes such as Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), oxytocin receptor (OXTR), SLITRK5, and SLC6A4. Continued exploration of genes like SHANK3 and IMOOD, as well as animal models like SLITRK5 knockout mice, offer insights into potential therapeutic targets. However, ethical and technical challenges must be addressed before wider implementation can occur. Ethical considerations include the multifactorial nature of psychiatric disorders, the need for comprehensive treatment, and issues surrounding informed consent, particularly in cases where patients lack insight into their condition. Technical challenges involve safe gene delivery to the brain, potential off-target effects, and achieving optimal gene expression levels.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Gene therapy for OCD is still in the early stages of research and development. While current research is still in its infancy, the identification of specific genes and pathways associated with OCD offers a foundation for future therapeutic interventions. Despite the ethical and technical challenges that remain, advancements in genetic engineering and the establishment of animal models provide a hopeful outlook for the development of effective gene therapy strategies. As the field progresses, Further research is essential to fully realize the potential of gene therapy in managing OCD and related psychiatric conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19837,"journal":{"name":"Personalized Medicine in Psychiatry","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The burden of chronic anxiety and depression symptomatology on 20-year cardiovascular disease incidence: The ATTICA study (2002–2022)","authors":"Vasiliki C. Baourda ,&nbsp;Christina Chrysohoou ,&nbsp;Fotios Barkas ,&nbsp;Evrydiki Kravvariti ,&nbsp;Evangelos Liberopoulos ,&nbsp;Konstantinos Tsioufis ,&nbsp;Petros P. Sfikakis ,&nbsp;Christos Pitsavos ,&nbsp;Demosthenes Panagiotakos","doi":"10.1016/j.pmip.2025.100150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmip.2025.100150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The aim of this study was to explore the associations between symptoms of depression and anxiety on 20-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence among apparently healthy Greek adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In the context of a population-based, prospective health survey, the ATTICA study (2002–2022), 853 adult participants without previous CVD history [453 men (45 ± 13 years) and 400 women (44 ± 18 years)] underwent evaluations regarding psychological factors (depression through ZDRS and anxiety through STAI scales), lifestyle factors (smoking, diet, physical activity) and medical conditions (obesity, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus) at both baseline and 10-year follow-up examinations. CVD incidence was assessed based on medical records and hospital data. Cox proportional hazard models were developed to evaluate the association between psychological symptoms on the 20-year CVD incidence, after adjusting for various characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results indicated that the chronic burden of depression and anxiety was independently associated with increased CVD risk during the 20-year follow-up period (crude hazard ratios of cumulative at baseline and at 10-year follow-up depressive symptoms score on CVD incidence was 1.04 95%CI (1.03, 1.05), and for anxiety score was 1.03 95%CI (1.02, 1.04)); the hazard ratios were higher especially for younger participants and those who did not adhere steadily to the Mediterranean diet during the follow-up period.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Based on our findings, standardized psychological assessments focusing on depression and anxiety should be integrated as a distinct and additional component within the preventive strategies for CVD implemented by health authorities at the population level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19837,"journal":{"name":"Personalized Medicine in Psychiatry","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of meta-cognitive and emotional beliefs, and negative repetitive thinking in the relationship between emotional abuse and psychological distress in psychiatric outpatients: A serial multiple mediation model","authors":"Mehdi Rezaei ,&nbsp;Hadi Samadieh ,&nbsp;Mohammad Mahdi Shariat Bagheri ,&nbsp;Ezatolah Ghadamour","doi":"10.1016/j.pmip.2024.100146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmip.2024.100146","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Although meta-cognitive and emotional beliefs are linked to higher psychological distress, little is known about the potential antecedents of these beliefs. On the other hand, the emotional schema model and metacognitive therapy posit that negative meta-cognitive and emotional beliefs generate negative repetitive thinking (NRTs) that lead to the development of psychological distress. In a meta-cognitive integrative model, we examined: (a) whether the link between emotional abuse and psychological distress was mediated serially by meta-cognitive beliefs (MCBs) and NRTs; (b) whether the relationship between emotional abuse and psychological distress was mediated serially by negative beliefs about emotional (NBEs) and NRTs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Between 2021 and 2024, 514 outpatients (<em>M</em> _age = 29.29; <em>SD</em> = 10.88) completed the Emotional Abuse Questionnaire (EAQ), Metacognitions Questionnaire (MCQ-30), Leahy Emotional Schema Scale (LESS), Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire (PTQ), and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (<em>K</em>10). The PROCESS SPSS macro was used to conduct serial multiple mediation analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The multilevel mediation model demonstrated that the positive relationship between emotional abuse and psychological distress was partially mediated by MCBs, NBEs, and NRTs, and serially mediated by MCBs and then NRTs. The results also showed that the link between emotional abuse and psychological distress was mediated serially by NBEs and NRTs after controlling for age and gender. The model explained much of the variance in psychological distress (R² = 0.52).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The current study contributes to the literature by validating a conceptual model to confirm the association between emotional abuse and psychological distress. The hypothesized model in the present study also suggested the salience of the emotional schema model and metacognitive model in predicting psychological distress. Our results also support that NRTs are strategies utilized to cope with MCBs and NBEs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19837,"journal":{"name":"Personalized Medicine in Psychiatry","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143103991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of dextroamphetamine/amphetamine to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder comorbid with borderline personality disorder: A case report","authors":"Stacy Ellenberg,&nbsp;Sutanaya Pal,&nbsp;Lianne De La Cruz,&nbsp;Faiz Kidwai,&nbsp;Seethalakshmi Ramanathan","doi":"10.1016/j.pmip.2024.100137","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmip.2024.100137","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>30–60 % of patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) also meet criteria for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, because symptoms of BPD tend to “overshadow” those of ADHD, clinicians frequently fail to diagnose, and therefore treat, comorbid BPD and ADHD (BPD+ADHD) appropriately. Psychostimulants such as dextroamphetamine/amphetamine (AMP) are considered the “gold standard” treatment for ADHD. Because BPD and ADHD share a number of clinical features – deficits in affect regulation, impulsivity, low self-esteem, interpersonal, educational, and occupational dysfunction – the current case report investigates the ability of AMP to mediate these variables in comorbid BPD+ADHD. The literature base on the treatment of BPD+ADHD is significantly limited, warranting the need for the current case report.</div></div><div><h3>Case presentation</h3><div>A 30-year-old cisgender female diagnosed with BPD and ADHD with history of multiple psychiatric inpatient hospitalizations, longstanding involvement in outpatient dialectical-behavior therapy, and marked functional impairment was treated with AMP. Significant improvements in functional outcome (gaining and maintaining employment, caring for self, maintaining financial stability) and decreases in functional impairment (no instances of psychiatric hospitalizations) occurred across a 1.5-year follow-up period after being treated with AMP.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We suggest that pharmacological treatment of comorbid BPD and ADHD with AMP may have been responsible for the overall improvement in functional outcome in this patient. We postulate that AMP allowed for increased ability to adopt and implement dialectical-behavior therapy skills that had previously been unable to be adopted and implemented prior to AMP administration. We hypothesize that increased ability to implement skills may have been attributable to improved overall cognitive and behavioral control induced by the administration of AMP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19837,"journal":{"name":"Personalized Medicine in Psychiatry","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}