Beyond one-size-fits-all: The rise of personalized treatment in schizophrenia

Abstract

Schizophrenia is a complex disorder characterized by various symptoms, presentations, and prognostic outcomes. This diversity is attributed to its multifactorial origins, including genetic and environmental factors. Historically, antipsychotic medications have played a pivotal role in managing the disorder, but they exhibit varying degrees of response among patients. A significant percentage of patients do not respond favorably to conventional antipsychotic therapy. The push for personalized medicine highlights the need for treatment modalities tailored to individuals' genetic, biomarker, and psychosocial characteristics. Genome-wide association studies reveal schizophrenia as a polygenic disorder, indicating varied genetic profiles among patients. This genetic diversity suggests that different biological processes could impact each patient, leading to distinct clinical presentations. The emerging pharmacogenetics field could shift schizophrenia treatment from a trial-and-error basis to a more individualized approach. Concurrently, psychotherapy has become integral in schizophrenia management, addressing the disorder's heterogeneous nature. The move towards personalized therapy for schizophrenia offers a more dynamic, patient-focused approach, aiming for holistic recovery by intertwining evidence-based strategies with individual experiences. As the field evolves, integrating technological and neuroscientific developments promises improved therapeutic outcomes, promoting overall well-being.