PeerJ最新文献

{"title":"Sterile seed germination and seedling cultivation of <i>Idesia polycarpa</i>.","authors":"Zhangtai Niu, Juan Xiao, Chuxi Hu, Yunchen Yang, Sijing Shi, Xiaoyu Lu, Yian Yin, Ze Li, Lingli Wu","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19395","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Idesia polycarpa</i> Maxim. is a high-quality, high-yield, edible oil tree species native to eastern Asia, where it plays important roles in ensuring national food and oil security, promoting ecological development, and facilitating rural revitalization. However, the commercial development of <i>I</i>. <i>polycarpa</i> has been hampered by the fact that it is primarily propagated by seeds, the required dormancy of which leads to low natural germination rates. Tissue culture technology offers the advantages of rapid propagation, high multiplication rates, and independence from seasonal factors, enabling the rapid production of large quantities of high-quality seedlings. The aim of this study was to establish an efficient aseptic germination system for <i>I. polycarpa</i> seeds.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study utilized <i>I</i>. <i>polycarpa</i> seeds as the experimental material to investigate the effects of different disinfection times, basic medium variations, activated carbon (AC) concentrations, and the types and concentrations of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on aseptic germination. Subsequently, sterile seedlings were used as explants to screen for the effects of sucrose concentration and the types and concentrations of PGRs on rooting. The study also investigated how different substrate ratios and container types influenced the post-transplant survival rate of tissue-cultured <i>I</i>. <i>polycarpa</i> seedlings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that the optimal time was 10 min for <i>I</i>. <i>polycarpa</i> seed disinfection with 0.1% HgCl₂. The most suitable medium for <i>I</i>. <i>polycarpa</i> seed germination was 1/2 MS medium supplemented with GA₃ (1.0 mg·L^-1) and AC (1.0 g·L^-1), achieving a germination rate of 96.0%. A sucrose concentration of 10.0 g·L^-1 was most beneficial for rooting. When using a single plant growth regulator, indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) had the most significant effect on <i>I</i> . <i>polycarpa</i> root induction. The optimal medium for root development was Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with IBA (0.3 mg·L^-1) and α-naphthyl acetic acid (NAA) (0.5 mg·L^-1), resulting in a 100% rooting rate and an average of 22.17 roots. These roots had an average length of 3.4 cm and were abundant and vigorous. Tissue-cultured seedlings were transplanted into transparent plastic cups containing a mixed substrate of organic nutrient soil (BALTIC PEAT), perlite, and vermiculite in a ratio of 2:1:1 (V/V/V). They grew vigorously, with a survival rate as high as 96.67%. The findings of this study can provide technical support for the factory breeding of <i>I</i>. <i>polycarpa</i> seedlings.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19395"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12065453/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144023326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the immune and vitamin profiles of blood: the potential biomarkers for alopecia areata.","authors":"Jincheng Ke, Fangfang Chen, Yu-Pei Chen, Mingli Zhang, Li Ma","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19430","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alopecia areata is a hair follicle disorder characterized by the development of multiple circular bald patches on the scalp, often accompanied by elevated cytokine production and immune cell infiltration around hair follicles. Our aspiration is to explore whether blood analysis can reveal additional factors that contribute to the disparities between individuals with alopecia areata and those who are healthy. Such research could potentially establish a robust foundation for the advancement of future therapeutic strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In Fujian, China, we have collected blood samples from a cohort of 28 alopecia areata patients and a control group of 28 healthy individuals for comparative analysis. A detailed assessment of cytokines, eosinophil counts, vitamin levels, and immunoglobulin profiles within these samples was conducted. Subsequently, statistical analysis was applied to elucidate the differences between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>While the blood analysis revealed higher average levels of IL-4, IL-10, and TNF-α in alopecia areata patients compared to healthy individuals, these differences were not statistically significant. Similarly, vitamin levels showed no significant variation between the patient and healthy groups. However, the Wilcoxon rank sum test identified a significant increase in IFN-γ and a significant decrease in immunoglobulin IgG4 levels among alopecia areata patients, pointing to a possible role in the disease's pathogenesis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis had demonstrated that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for IFN-γ and IgG4 was 0.656 and 0.704, respectively, suggesting that IFN-γ and IgG4 had a certain discrimination effect on alopecia areata. Utilizing the Youden index to optimize specificity, we propose that IgG4 levels below 824.85 mg/L and IFN-γ levels above 0.565 pg/mL could serve as biomarkers for assessing the risk of alopecia areata.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings highlight the need for further exploration of the link among alopecia areata, IgG4- and IFN-γ-related mechanisms, potentially uncovering novel therapeutic targets for managing this condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19430"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12065454/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143973351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective study on the correlation between CXCL13, immune infiltration, and tertiary lymphoid structures in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.","authors":"Yulu Chen, Yuhao Wu, Zijun Zhao, Long Wen, Mingshun Wu, Dekun Song, Qingyu Zeng, Yeqiang Liu, Guorong Yan, Guolong Zhang","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19398","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13) is a crucial chemokine for the recruitment of immune cells and the formation of tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) in the tumor microenvironment. However, the relationship between CXCL13 and immune infiltration in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to investigate the expression of CXCL13 and explore its association with immune activation and TLS in cSCC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 63 cSCC patients were involved in the present study. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used for pathological examination of cSCC. Bioinformatics analyses and immunohistochemical staining were employed to access the expression of CXCL13 and TLS states. Public single cell RNA-sequencing atlas of skin disorders and multiplex immunofluorescence were used to explore CXCL13-producing cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Utilizing the public database and our clinical cohort, we observed robust CXCL13 expression in cSCC tissues and a significant correlation with immune activation. Higher expression levels of CXCL13 were associated with lower histopathological grades and increased TLS formation. Furthermore, we confirmed that T cells and fibroblasts were the predominant cell types of CXCL13 secretion in cSCC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CXCL13 is up-regulated in cSCC, which shows a significant positive correlation with immune infiltration and TLS formation. Our results underscore the role of CXCL13 in shaping the cSCC microenvironment, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19398"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12065455/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144036756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrin signaling in tumor biology: mechanisms of intercellular crosstalk and emerging targeted therapies.","authors":"Yifan Li, Shantong Peng, Jiatong Xu, Wenjie Liu, Qi Luo","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Integrins, a family of transmembrane cell adhesion receptors, mediate intercellular and cell-extracellular matrix crosstalk <i>via</i> outside-in and inside-out signaling pathways. Integrins, categorized into 24 distinct combinations of α and β subunits, exhibit tissue-specific expression and perform unique or overlapping roles in physiological and pathophysiological processes. These roles encompass embryonic angiogenesis, tissue repair, and the modulation of tumor cell angiogenesis, progression, invasion, and metastasis. Notably, integrins are significant contributors to tumor development, offering valuable insights into the potential of integrin-targeted diagnostics and therapeutics. Currently, there are various preclinical and clinical trials aiming to harness integrin antagonists that are safe, efficacious, and exhibit low toxicity. Owing to the functional redundancy across integrin types and the complexity of the mechanisms of integrin-mediated multiple key processes associated with tumor biology, challenges exist that impede advancements in integrin-targeted therapy. Nevertheless, innovative strategies focused on integrin modulation represent significant breakthroughs for improving patient care and promoting comprehensive insights into the underlying mechanisms of tumor biology. This review elucidates the impact of integrins on three distinct cell types in multiple key processes associated with tumor biology and explores the emerging integrin-targeted therapeutic approaches for the treatment of tumors, which will provide ideas for optimal therapeutic approaches in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19328"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12065456/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143992698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymicrobial detection and salivary metabolomics of children with early childhood caries.","authors":"Ting Pan, YuJia Ren, JingYi Li, Ying Liao, XiangHui Xing","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19399","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early childhood caries (ECC) has been proposed to be associated with various microorganisms and metabolites. This study aims to compare the prevalence of specific microbial species and salivary metabolomics profile in children with and without ECC, and to explore the correlation between salivary metabolites and targeted microbes.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Five ml of unstimulated saliva was collected from 32 ECC and 22 caries-free children. Clinical indexed were recorded and questionnaires regarding oral health and dietary habits were obtained from the guardians. The presence of eight specific microbial species were examined using species-specific quantitative PCR (qPCR). Untargeted metabolomics was analyzed to identify key differential metabolites and pathways. Correlations among clinical, microbial, and metabolomic data were further explored.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of <i>Scardovia wiggsiae</i> (90.6%, <i>P</i> < 0.001), <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> (43.8%, <i>P</i> = 0.006), <i>Streptococcus sobrinus</i> (62.5%, <i>P</i> < 0.001), <i>Ligilactobacillus salivarius</i> (93.6%, <i>P</i> = 0.01) and <i>Candida albicans</i> (56.3%, <i>P</i> < 0.001) were significantly higher in the ECC group. The prevalence of ECC was higher in children with two targeted species present compared with children with one targeted species. Histidine metabolism and branched-chain amino acids degradation were activated in ECC group, while glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, purine and pyrimidine metabolism were inhibited. Histidine and glutathione metabolism was activated with enrichment of targeted microbial species, while linoleic acid metabolism and biotin metabolism was inhibited. The duration of each toothbrushing was a significant risk factor for ECC experience.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of <i>Scardovia wiggsiae, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus</i> and <i>Candida albicans</i> is higher in ECC children compared to caries-free children. Oral habits and salivary metabolites also vary between ECC and caries-free children.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19399"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12063607/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143975526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing bullfrog farming sustainability: circular water management through effluent treatment.","authors":"Dandan Xie, Jiehua Hu, Liru Lin, Xiaomei Huang, Changsheng Xie, Haibin He","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19390","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ensuring effective wastewater treatment is crucial for promoting sustainable water use and reducing environmental pollution in intensive bullfrog aquaculture. This study presents the design and implementation of an integrated treatment system, composed of a flotation tank, a biochemical tank, and constructed wetlands, aimed at facilitating the reuse of treated effluent. The system, operated under optimal conditions-at a flow rate of 250 m³/h, hydraulic retention time of 6 h, and aeration intensity of 2,000 m³/h-demonstrated significant removal efficiencies. Specifically, the biochemical tank reduced chemical oxygen demand (CODCr), ammoniacal nitrogen, and total phosphorus by 70%, 43%, and 42%, respectively. After a month of continuous operation, the system achieved higher removal rates of 71.7% for CODCr, 83% for ammoniacal nitrogen, and 86.7% for reactive phosphorus, rendering the treated water suitable for reuse in bullfrog farming. However, total nitrogen removal remained relatively low, and reactive phosphorus slightly exceeded discharge standards, indicating areas for further optimization. Despite these limitations, this innovative system enhances water recycling, supports circular water management strategies, and provides a practical solution for reducing water consumption and minimizing aquaculture's environmental footprint.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19390"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12063605/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144041384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment and validation of a method for determining anti-Xa factor potency of enoxaparin sodium.","authors":"En Zhang, Hanyan Zou, Yandong Dong, Bing Liu, Xiaorong Yang","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study successfully established and validated an efficient, reliable, and user-friendly method for determining the anti-Xa factor potency of enoxaparin sodium. Comprehensive validation experiments demonstrated the method's excellent performance in terms of specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, and robustness. The method exhibited a linear detection range of 0.054-0.192 IU/mL with a strong correlation coefficient, and its precision, robustness, and consistency with the European Pharmacopoeia method were all within 2.0% relative standard deviation (RSD). These results indicate high reproducibility and strong applicability, making the method suitable for seamless transfer between laboratories. Accuracy experiments revealed recovery rates ranging from 98.0% to 102.0%, confirming the reliability of the results. The validation design and performance of this method comply with the requirements of ICH guidelines and the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Compared with traditional methods, this approach significantly reduces sample and reagent consumption, lowers experimental costs, and optimizes operational procedures, offering a low-cost, high-efficiency tool for quality control. These findings provide essential technical support for the production and quality monitoring of enoxaparin sodium and serve as valuable references for the development and validation of quality standards for similar biological products.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19437"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12063604/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144038131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and characterization of a novel lytic bacteriophage Pv27 with biocontrol potential against <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> infections in shrimp.","authors":"Vu Thi Hien, Pham Thi Lanh, Thao Thi Phuong Pham, Khang Nam Tran, Nguyen Dinh Duy, Nguyen Thi Hoa, Nguyen Xuan Canh, Quang Huy Nguyen, Seil Kim, Dong Van Quyen","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19421","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> is a major disease-causing species of <i>Vibrio</i> that is pathogenic to both farmed shrimp and humans. With the increasing spread of antibiotic-resistant <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> strains, bacteriophages (or phages) are considered potential agents for biocontrol as an alternative to antibiotics. In this study, a bacteriophage capable of lysing <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i>, named Pv27, was isolated, characterized, and evaluated for its potential to control <i>Vibrio</i> infections as a natural therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Phage Pv27 was isolated using the double-layer agar technique and its morphology was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We further assessed the host range specificity, optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI), one-step growth kinetics, and environmental stability of Pv27 under various pH and temperature conditions. The inhibitory activity of Pv27 against <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> was evaluated <i>in vitro</i>. Finally, genomic analysis of Pv27 was conducted through whole-genome sequencing, followed by functional annotation of open reading frames (ORFs) and phylogenetic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Phage Pv27 exhibited a Myovirus-like morphology, characterized by an icosahedral head (92.7 ± 2 nm) and a contractile tail (103 ± 11 nm), and belongs to the class Caudoviricetes. Pv27 demonstrated high lytic activity against its host cells, with a short latent period of approximately 25 minutes and a large burst size of 112 plaque-forming units (PFU) per infected cell. The phage displayed significant tolerance to a wide pH range (from 3 to 11) and remained heat-stable at temperatures up to 60 °C for 90 min. Genetically, Pv27 possesses a circular double-stranded DNA genome spanning 191,395 base pairs, with a G + C content of 35% and comprising 355 open reading frames (ORFs). Remarkably, up to 23 tRNA genes were identified in its genome, while no genes associated with antibiotic resistance, virulence, or lysogeny were detected, suggesting its potential as a valuable biocontrol agent. Results from the VIRIDIC, Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) and phylogenetic analyses revealed that Pv27 is closely related to the two known <i>Vibrio</i> phages, phiKT1024 and phiTY18. Several genes associated with enhanced environmental competitiveness were also identified in the Pv27 genome, including those encoding a PhoH-like phosphate starvation-inducible protein and endolysin. Phage Pv27 effectively lyses <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> highlighting its potential as a biocontrol agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19421"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12063606/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144039559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of seasonal flooding and hydrological connectivity loss on microbial community dynamics in mangrove sediments of the southern Gulf of Mexico.","authors":"Mirna Vázquez-Rosas-Landa, Rosela Pérez-Ceballos, Arturo Zaldívar-Jiménez, Stephanie Hereira, Leonardo Pérez González, Alejandra Prieto-Davó, Omar Celis-Hernández, Julio Cesar Canales-Delgadillo","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19371","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mangrove ecosystems play essential roles in coastal resilience, carbon sequestration, and biodiversity but are under increasing threat from anthropogenic pressures. This study explores the impact of hydrological variability on microbial communities in mangrove sediments of the southern Gulf of Mexico.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We employed 16S rRNA sequencing to assess microbial diversity and function across different hydrological zones, seasons, and sediment depths at Estero Pargo.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results show that microbial community composition is significantly influenced by hydrological conditions, with distinct microbial assemblages observed across the fringe, basin, and impaired zones. Seasonal variations were particularly pronounced, with higher microbial diversity during the flood season compared to the dry season. Depth also played a critical role, with surface layers (5 cm) predominantly featuring aerobic microbial communities, while deeper layers (20-40 cm) harbored anaerobic taxa such as <i>Bathyarchaeota</i> and <i>Thermococcaceae</i>. Notably, the impaired zone showed enrichment in genes related to denitrification and sulfur oxidation pathways, indicating strong microbial adaptation to reduced environments. These findings highlight the intricate interactions between microbial dynamics and environmental factors in mangrove ecosystems. Understanding these relationships is crucial for developing effective conservation and management strategies that enhance mangrove resilience in the face of global environmental changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19371"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12060900/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144009229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From grit to flourishing: physical literacy's mediating role in enhancing well-being among college students with obesity.","authors":"Xingyu Liu, Zidong Li, Wanru Cheng, Jian Zhang, Xiaoyu Ma, Di Tang, Jinde Liu, Tianyu Gao, Ting Liu, Tao Chen, Ruisi Ma","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19382","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate whether physical literacy mediates the relationship between grit and well-being among college students with obesity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 385 students with obesity were recruited. Participants completed validated questionnaires measuring grit, physical literacy, and well-being. Mediation analyses were performed to estimate indirect effects and generate bias-corrected 95% confidence intervals (CI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Grit was positively associated with physical literacy, and physical literacy was positively associated with well-being. Physical literacy partially mediated the relationship between grit and well-being, with the indirect effect accounting for 26.32% of the total effect (indirect effect = 0.20, 95% CI [0.09-0.31]). In a parallel mediation model analyzing the subdimensions of physical literacy, the \"interaction with the environment\" emerged as the strongest mediator (indirect effect = 0.15, 95% CI [0.10-0.21]), accounting for 19.74% of the total effect. The indirect effects through \"motivation\" and \"confidence and physical competence\" were also significant but accounted for smaller proportions of the total effect (6.58% and 5.26%, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings serve as an initial step in understanding how physical literacy, particularly the ability to interact with the environment, partially mediates the relationship between grit and well-being among college students with obesity. Future interventional research aiming to enhance physical literacy-especially environmental engagement-is needed to confirm whether it can amplify the positive impact of grit on well-being. A multifaceted approach that fosters both psychological traits and physical competencies may prove beneficial in improving the psychological and physical health of this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19382"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12060899/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143986727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}