PeerJ最新文献

{"title":"Effect of acute anaerobic performance on zinc alpha 2 glycoprotein, apelin and lipasin levels.","authors":"Şaban Ünver, İlknur Bıyık, Tülin Akman, Emre Şimşek, Hamza Küçük, Abdurrahim Kaplan, Deniz Günay Derebaşı, Selma İşler, Canberk Çınar, Tuba Kızılet, Yeliz Tanrıverdi Çaycı","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18093","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.18093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of acute anaerobic exercise on serum levels of adipokines Zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG), apelin, and lipasin. Eighteen male athletes who actively played soccer and trained at least four days a week, with a mean age of 19.11 ± 2.59 years, body weight of 70.61 ± 8.17 kg, height of 176.0 ± 7.71 cm, sport age of 7.22 ± 2.60 years and BMI of 22.76 ± 1.68 kg/m2 participated in the study. Athletes were subjected to the Running-Based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) for anaerobic performance. Blood samples were collected from the athletes 4 times (at rest, 10 minutes, 60 minutes, and 24 hours after exercise). The results of the study showed that acute anaerobic exercise significantly increased ZAG levels (<i>p</i> < 0.05). However, no statistically significant difference was detected in apelin and lipasin levels (<i>p</i> > 0.05). In conclusion, the findings of this study indicate that acute anaerobic exercise is associated with an increase in ZAG levels, but not apelin or lipasin levels. The observations suggest that ZAG may have a specific response to anaerobic exercise, which provides valuable insight into its potential impact on energy metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11512808/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142505479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging roles of tRNA-derived small RNAs in injuries.","authors":"Mengjun Wang, Junfeng Guo, Wei Chen, Hong Wang, Xiaotong Hou","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18348","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.18348","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are a novel class of small noncoding RNAs, precisely cleaved from tRNA, functioning as regulatory molecules. The topic of tsRNAs in injuries has not been extensively discussed, and studies on tsRNAs are entering a new era. Here, we provide a fresh perspective on this topic. We systematically reviewed the classification, generation, and biological functions of tsRNAs in response to stress, as well as their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in various injuries, including lung injury, liver injury, renal injury, cardiac injury, neuronal injury, vascular injury, skeletal muscle injury, and skin injury. We also provided a fresh perspective on the association between stress-induced tsRNAs and organ injury from a clinical perspective.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11512806/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142505482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A retrospective analysis of a newly proposed imaging-etiologic classification for acute ischemic stroke with large vascular occlusion based on MRI and pathogenesis.","authors":"Hao Li, Zhaoshuo Li, Jinchao Xia, Lijun Shen, Guangming Duan, Ziliang Wang","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18342","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.18342","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Endovascular treatment (EVT) has emerged as the preferred initial therapeutic option for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with large vascular occlusion (LVO). To facilitate more targeted EVT interventions, we propose a novel imaging-etiologic classification system derived from a comprehensive analysis of preoperative MRI and pathogenesis in AIS patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From June 2020 to December 2021, a retrospective analysis was conducted on 184 consecutive AIS patients who underwent preoperative MRI and subsequent EVT at the Henan Provincial Cerebrovascular Hospital Stroke Center. Patients' medical histories were comprehensively reviewed. According to MRI, anterior circulation infarction (ACI) and posterior circulation infarction (PCI) were divided into four groups respectively (A-D & a-d). Three types (1-3) of etiology were identified based on pathogenesis. The types were respectively evaluated by screening test with intra-operative finding of EVT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our imaging-etiologic classification achieved an overall positive rate of 90.2% (166/184) when compared to the gold standard. The screening test for each type demonstrated excellent validity (Youden's index ≥ 0.75) and reliability (Kappa ≥ 0.80).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The imaging-etiologic classification represents a simple yet comprehensive approach that can be readily applied in the management of AIS with LVO. It can rapidly and effectively locate the vascular occlusion, and reveal the pathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11512804/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142505376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of progessive <i>vs</i>. constant protocol whole-body vibration on muscle activation, pain, disability and functional performance in non-specific chronic low back pain patients: a randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Tasneem Zafar, Saima Zaki, Md Farhan Alam, Saurabh Sharma, Reem Abdullah Babkair, Shibili Nuhmani","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18390","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.18390","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Non-specific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP) is a prevalent condition causing significant disability and functional impairment. Whole-body vibration exercise (WBVE) has emerged as a new treatment method, but additional research is necessary to determine the optimal parameters of WBVE that would be beneficial for patients experiencing chronic low back pain (CLBP). This study aims to investigate the effects of two type of WBVE (constant <i>vs</i> progressive) on pain, disability, functional performance, and muscle activity in patients with NSCLBP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-two individuals diagnosed with chronic low back pain (CLBP) without any specific causes were enrolled and randomly assigned to one of two intervention groups: a constant/fixed protocol WBVE group or a progressive protocol WBVE group. Participants underwent WBVE sessions for around 30 min, thrice weekly over a period of 8 weeks. Primary outcomes assessed included pain intensity, functional disability, functional performance, and electromyographic activity of core musculature, measured at baseline and upon completion of the intervention period. Temporal changes of each outcome variable across different periods and between groups were measured with repeated measures 2×2 mixed ANOVA. Further, the paired <i>t</i>-test was performed to compare pre- and post-treatment values within each group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant improvements were observed in both the constant and progressive WBVE protocol groups. Pain intensity decreased by 64.2% (<i>p</i> < 0.001) in the constant group and by 61.1% (<i>p</i> < 0.001) in the progressive group. Functional disability decreased by 48.1% (<i>p</i> < 0.001) in the constant group and by 53.3% (<i>p</i> < 0.001) in the progressive group. Functional performance improved by 16.5% (<i>p</i> < 0.001) in the constant group and by 16.9% (<i>p</i> < 0.001) in the progressive group. Electromyography (EMG) demonstrated significant improvements across all measured variables except % maximum voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC) of external obliques (EO) in both intervention groups with time (<i>p</i> < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in the magnitude of improvement between the constant and progressive WBVE protocols (<i>p</i> > 0.05), indicating both modalities' effectiveness in ameliorating CLBP symptoms and associated functional impairments.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study demonstrates that both progressive and constant WBVE protocols are equally effective in reducing pain and disability in NSCLBP patients. These findings support the inclusion of progressive WBVE in clinical practice, offering a flexible treatment option that can be tailored to individual patient needs, ensuring both tolerability and effectiveness. This contributes valuable evidence towards optimizing WBVE protocols for managing NSCLBP.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11512803/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142505481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) using various waste carbon sources.","authors":"Aansa Naseem, Ijaz Rasul, Zulfiqar Ali Raza, Faizan Muneer, Asad Ur Rehman, Habibullah Nadeem","doi":"10.7717/peerj.17936","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.17936","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Synthetic plastics are in great demand in society due to their diversified properties, but they cause environmental pollution due to their non-biodegradable nature. Therefore, synthetic plastics are in need to be replaced with biodegradable plastics. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), bacterial biopolymers are natural alternative to synthetic plastics. These are present inside the bacterial cytoplasm in granular form. Presently, the production cost of PHA is high due to expensive carbon substrates used in its biosynthesis. Therefore, this study focuses on the cost-effective production of PHA using waste carbon sources. Rice bran and sugarcane molasses were used as the carbon source for PHA production from <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, <i>Bacillus cereus</i>, <i>Alcaligenes</i> sp. and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>. PHA production from these bacterial strains was confirmed through Sudan Black-B screening. With rice bran, as carbon source, the highest PHA yield obtained was for <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, which yielded 93.7% and lowest was 35.5% for <i>B. cereus</i>. Surprisingly, <i>B. cereus</i> produced the highest cell dry mass (0.045 g/L) but its extracted PHA contents were lowest being only 0.02 g/L. <i>Alcaligenes</i> sp. with 0.031 g/L CDM yielded 87.1% PHA. <i>B. subtilis</i> had a CDM 0.029 g/L, 0.02 g/L PHA content and a yield of 69.10%. In the case of sugarcane molasses, <i>P. aeruginosa</i> produced 95% PHA yield, 0.02 g/L CDM, and 0.019 g/L PHA content. <i>Alcaligenes</i> sp. yielded 90.9% PHA, 0.011 g/L CDM, and 0.01 g/L PHA content. <i>B. subtilis</i> produced 91.6% PHA yield, 0.012 g/L CDM, 0.011 g/L PHA content; <i>B. cereus</i> produced 80% PHA yield, 0.015 g/L CDM, 0.012 g/L PHA content at 37 °C, pH 7. Higher concentrations of carbon sources increased the CDM and decreased the PHA yield. The maximum yield of PHA was obtained from sugarcane molasses. 24-48 h of incubation was optimal for <i>B. subtilis</i> and <i>B. cereus,</i> while for <i>Alcaligenes</i> and <i>P. aeruginosa</i> incubation time of 48-96 h was desirable for higher PHA yield. The extracted biopolymers were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), which identified the extracted biopolymers as poly-3-hydroxybutyrate P(3HB). The thermal properties of the extracted biopolymers, such as melting temperatures, were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), which confirmed the thermal stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11512797/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142505396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current status of the remaining Mexican cloud forests: landscape findings and conservation initiatives.","authors":"Wesley Dáttilo, Sergio A Cabrera-Cruz, César A Gallo-Gómez, Juan Carlos Serio-Silva, Rafael Villegas-Patraca","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18386","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.18386","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tropical montane cloud forests are known for their unique biodiversity and their critical role in sustaining ecosystem services; however, approximately 50% of their original cover in Mexico was estimated to have been lost by 1998. The Mexican ecoregion that supports these ecosystems experienced one of the highest rates of deforestation between 2001 and 2021. Thus, a more recent evaluation of Mexico's cloud forests is required. There is limited data on the landscape structure of cloud forests in Mexico, despite the possible application of landscape factors in conservation planning. Here, we estimated the average total area, number of patches, effective mesh size, total edge, and the shape of mixed forests that was present in 2020 within polygons of cloud forests defined in 1999 by Mexico's National Commission for the Use and Knowledge of Biodiversity (CONABIO for its acronym in Spanish). We estimated land cover using data from the North American Land Change Monitoring System, which classifies cloud forests as mixed forests. We found that eight out of the 109 polygons have no mixed forests and that an average of 49% of the 1,768,914 ha of cloud forests polygons are now covered by mixed forests distributed across 13 states. Additionally, within the remaining 101 polygons that do contain this type of vegetation, mixed forest is distributed on average across 140 patches (range = 1-1,473); 80% of these forests have very low effective mesh size values; 90% of them have low total edge values (<2,000 km); and their shapes tend to be uniformly distributed. Furthermore, most of cloud forest polygons are located outside of federal protected areas. Overall, our results suggest that the remaining Mexican cloud forests are extremely vulnerable and fragmented and that their extent has steadily declined since 1999. To ensure the survival of Mexican cloud forests, it will be crucial to prioritize high-diversity areas, strengthen protection in critical zones, establish ecological corridors, encourage sustainable practices, and actively engage local communities. This study highlights the complex issues and inherent heterogeneity that characterize cloud forest ecosystems in Mexico and provides crucial insights for conservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11512799/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142505475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association analysis of MTHFR (rs1801133 and rs1801131) gene polymorphism towards the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Dali area population from Yunnan Province, China.","authors":"Yongxin Liu, Genyuan Pu, Caiting Yang, Yuqing Wang, Kaitai Jin, Shengrong Wang, Xiao Liang, Shenghe Hu, Shuguang Sun, Mingming Lai","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18334","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.18334","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common complex metabolic disorder that exhibits a strong genetic predisposition. 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) regulates folate metabolism, which has been proposed to be associated with T2DM, although the relationship is inconsistent among different geographical areas. This study aimed to investigate the effects of MTHFR C677T (rs1801133) and A1298C (rs1801131) loci polymorphisms on T2DM susceptibility in the population of the Dali area in Yunnan Province, China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This case-control study included 445 patients with T2DM and 272 healthy control individuals from the Dali area of Yunnan Province. Genotyping of the MTHFR gene polymorphisms was performed using the competitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) method. The effects of genetic variations of the MTHFR gene on T2DM risk were evaluated using odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of the present study revealed that the TT genotype (OR = 1.750, <i>P</i> = 0.030) and the T allele (OR = 1.252, <i>P</i> = 0.047) at the MTHFR C677T locus were considerably associated with the increased odds of developing T2DM. In addition, the CC genotype (OR = 3.132, <i>P</i> = 0.032) at the MTHFR A1298C locus also substantially increased the odds of developing T2DM. The T-A haplotype (OR = 1.305, <i>P</i> = 0.030) of MTHFR C677T and A1298C exhibited the increased odds of developing T2DM. Biochemical index analyses showed that patients with T2DM who carried the CT or TT genotype of MTHFR C677T expressed substantially higher levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), homocysteine (Hcy), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-<i>α</i>) than those of the CC genotype. Moreover, the FBG and Hcy levels were considerably higher in patients with T2DM who carried the CC or AC genotype of MTHFR A1298C than those of the AA genotype. No obvious association was observed between these MTHFR polymorphisms and cardiovascular risk in T2DM.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study suggests that the genetic variations of MTHFR C677T and A1298C are significantly associated with T2DM susceptibility in the population of the Dali area of Yunnan Province, China.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11512809/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142505394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of donor GSTM3 rs7483 genetic variant on tacrolimus elimination in the early period after liver transplantation.","authors":"Tao Zhang, Xiaorong Chen, Yuan Liu, Lei Zhang","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18360","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.18360","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Glutathione S-transferase mu (GSTM) belongs to the group of phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes, and the GSTM1 genetic variant has been reported to have a potential association with the metabolism of immunosuppressive drug after renal transplantation. The effect of donor and recipient GSTMs genetic variants on tacrolimus (Tac) metabolism was the focus of our investigation in this study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 203 liver transplant patients were recruited for the study. In the training set (<i>n</i> = 110), twenty-one SNPs in five genes (GSTM1-5) were genotyped by the drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporter (DMET) microarray. CYP3A5 rs776746 and GSTM3 rs7483 were genotyped using a Mass ARRAY platform in the validating set (<i>n</i> = 93).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tac C/D ratios of donor GSTM3 rs7483 AA carriers were significantly lower than those with the G allele at weeks 1, 2, 3 and 4 after liver transplantation (LT). Multivariate analysis was conducted on the training set and validating set, donor and recipient CYP3A5 rs776746, donor GSTM3 rs7483 and total bilirubin were identified as independent predictors of Tac C/D ratios in the early period after LT. Combining CYP3A5 rs776746 and donor GSTM3 rs7483 genotypes, Tac C/D ratios were observed to be increasingly lower with increasing numbers of alleles associated with fast metabolism. Moreover, the risk of a supratherapeutic C₀ (Tac > 15 ug/L) was significantly higher for poor metabolizers than the other groups at week 1 after LT.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There was a significant association between the donor GSTM3 rs7483 genetic variant and Tac metabolism in the early period after LT. Genotype classification might have a better predictive ability of the initial Tac doses.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11512548/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142505480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of livestock grazing on physicochemical properties and bacterial communities of perlite-rich soil.","authors":"Jiraphan Premsuriya, Nontaphat Leerach, Phatcharin Laosena, Woranich Hinthong","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18433","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.18433","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Livestock grazing has been proposed as a cost-effective way to reclaim post-mining lands. It can enhance soil fertility and biodiversity, but its impacts on soil quality and microbial communities vary across soil types. Moreover, waste from grazing raises concerns about pathogens that could pose risks to animal and human health. This study investigated the effects of grazing on post-mining perlite-rich soil in central Thailand. A comparative analysis of soil physicochemical properties and bacterial diversity was conducted between grazed and ungrazed sites. Bacterial diversity was assessed using 16S amplicon sequencing. The perlite-rich soil was found to be sandy, acidic, and to have low nutritional content. Grazing significantly improved the soil texture and nutrient content, suggesting its potential as a cost-effective reclamation strategy. The 16S metagenomic sequencing analysis revealed that microbial communities were impacted by livestock grazing. Specifically, shifts in the dominant bacterial phyla were identified, with increases in Firmicutes and Chloroflexi and a decrease in Actinobacteria. Concerns about increased levels of pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae due to grazing were not substantiated in perlite-rich soil. These bacteria were consistently found at low levels in all soil samples, regardless of livestock grazing. This study also identified a diverse population of Streptomycetaceae, including previously uncharacterized strains/species. This finding could be valuable given that this bacterial family is known for producing antibiotics and other secondary metabolites. However, grazing adversely impacted the abundance and diversity of Streptomycetaceae in this specific soil type. In line with previous research, this study demonstrated that the response of soil microbial communities to grazing varies significantly depending on the soil type, with unique responses appearing to be associated with perlite-rich soil. This emphasizes the importance of soil-specific research in understanding how grazing affects microbial communities. Future research should focus on optimizing grazing practices for perlite-rich soil and characterizing the Streptomycetaceae community for potential antibiotic and secondary metabolite discovery. The obtained findings should ultimately contribute to sustainable post-mining reclamation through livestock grazing and the preservation of valuable microbial resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11512551/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142505497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining citizen science, phylogenetics, and bioacoustics to inform taxonomy and conservation of the Near Threatened <i>Proceratophrys paviotii</i> (Anura, Odontophrynidae).","authors":"João Victor Andrade Lacerda, Diego J Santana, Carla Guimarães, Alice Zanoni Dos Santos, Alan P Araujo, Natalia Pirani Ghilardi-Lopes, Sarah Mângia","doi":"10.7717/peerj.17990","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.17990","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herein, basel on novel data gathered by citizens scientists and specialists, we contribute to the improvement of scientific knowledge and conservation of the Near Threatened <i>Proceratophrys paviotii</i> in order to: 1) test for the first time the phylogenetic position and a species delimitation of <i>P. paviotii</i> through a molecular approach; 2) describe a larger sample of its advertisement call to properly encompass the species intraspecific variation; 3) describe for the first time the <i>P. paviotii</i> release call; and 4) provide novel insights on the species conservation status. Our 16S tree confidently grouped <i>P. paviotii</i> with <i>P. cururu</i>, <i>P. renalis</i>, and <i>P. laticeps</i>. The average sequence divergence between <i>P. paviotii</i> and its congeners ranged from 2.2% (<i>P. laticeps</i>) to 9.1% (<i>P. redacta</i>). Advertisement calls consisted of a single note with duration of 0.26-0.58 s, 17-41 pulses emitted at rate of 54.19-77.49 pulses/s and peak frequency of 775.19-947.46 Hz. Release calls consisted of a single note with duration of 0.04-0.43 s, 2-13 pulses emitted at rate of 21.17-81.58 pulses/s and peak frequency of 689.1-1,722.6 Hz. Additionally, our study strongly supports the notion that Citizen Science approaches can yield invaluable information concerning species' geographic distribution and conservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11512549/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142505397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}