Pediatric Diabetes最新文献

{"title":"Awareness Campaigns to Prevent Diabetic Ketoacidosis at Diabetes Onset Are Successful When Constantly Maintained: From Local to Federal State Results.","authors":"Martin Holder, Jacqueline Weiler, Reinhard W Holl, Stefan Ehehalt","doi":"10.1155/pedi/5491154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/pedi/5491154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To expand the effective local Stuttgart childhood diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) prevention campaign to the federal state of Baden-Württemberg (BW) in Germany. <b>Research Design and Methods:</b> All public health departments (PHDs) in BW were invited to participate. The DKA-incidence at diabetes onset was compared between participating and nonparticipating districts, prior (2015-2020) and during the campaign (2021-2023). <b>Results:</b> A total of 3038 children and adolescents were newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes in BW during the observation period. DKA was present in 990 children (32.6%), severe DKA in 346 (11.4%). In total 14 of 38 PHD (37%) participated. DKA rates increased both in participating (29.9%-36.3%) and in nonparticipating districts (27.0%-41.0%; <i>p</i> < 0.0001 for time-trend). However, there was a significant interaction between time-interval and the groups of districts (<i>p</i> < 0.03) reflecting a significant treatment effect in the intervention group. <b>Conclusions:</b> The expansion of our local awareness campaign was possible and successful.</p>","PeriodicalId":19797,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Diabetes","volume":"2025 ","pages":"5491154"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12380508/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144964196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diabetes, Celiac, and Thyroid-Related Autoantibodies in HLA Genotyped Ethiopian Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Adugna Negussie Gudeta, Alexander Lind, Alemayehu Girma, Johanna Lempainen, Jorma Ilonen, Daniel Agardh","doi":"10.1155/pedi/8258430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/pedi/8258430","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Background:&lt;/b&gt; Autoantibodies against β-cell components in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans are characteristic of type 1 diabetes (T1D). The genetic and autoimmune determinants of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in Ethiopians are not yet thoroughly characterized, with studies indicating a lower occurrence of autoantibodies related to T1D compared to Caucasians. The study aimed to determine the occurrence of autoantibodies related to type 1 diabetes (T1D), celiac disease (CD), and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) in conjunction with Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) genotype in Ethiopian children and adolescents with T1D. &lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; This cross-sectional study included 206 children and adolescents with T1D (ranging from 1 to 18 years old) with a median disease duration of 6 years, alongside 200 age-matched control children (ranging from 1 to 6 years old). Participants were recruited from Adama, Asella, and Bishoftu Hospitals in Ethiopia. The study involved genotyping of HLA alleles, specifically HLA-DQA1, DQB1, and DRB1&lt;i&gt;⁣&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;∗&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; 04 (including DR4 subtypes). Additionally, autoantibodies targeting glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), insulinoma-associated protein (IA-2A), zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8A), tissue transglutaminase (tTGA), and thyroid peroxidase (TPOA) were analyzed using antibody detection by agglutination PCR (ADAP) assays. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The most common haplotype found in participants with T1D was HLA-(DR3)-DQA1&lt;i&gt;⁣&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;∗&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; 05-DQB1&lt;i&gt;⁣&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;∗&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; 02 haplotype (36.4%) (OR = 5.0; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;  &lt; 0.000001). In addition, HLA-DRB1&lt;i&gt;⁣&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;∗&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; 0405-DQA1&lt;i&gt;⁣&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;∗&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; 03-DQB1&lt;i&gt;⁣&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;∗&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; 02 (19.3%, OR = 10.8; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;  &lt; 0.000001), HLA-DRB1&lt;i&gt;⁣&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;∗&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; 0405-DQA1&lt;i&gt;⁣&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;∗&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; 03-DQB1&lt;i&gt;⁣&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;∗&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; 0302 (9.2%, OR = 3.1; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;=0.001), and HLA-DRB1&lt;i&gt;⁣&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;∗&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; 0401-DQA1&lt;i&gt;⁣&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;∗&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; 03-DQB1&lt;i&gt;⁣&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;∗&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; 0302 (3.2%, OR = 20.0; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;=0.002) were significantly increased among T1D patients. Conversely, HLA-(DR15)-DQB1&lt;i&gt;⁣&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;∗&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; 0602, HLA-(DR13)-DQB1&lt;i&gt;⁣&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;∗&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; 0603, HLA-(DR1/10)-DQB1&lt;i&gt;⁣&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;∗&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; 0501, HLA-(DR13)-DQB1&lt;i&gt;⁣&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;∗&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; 0604, HLA-DRB1&lt;i&gt;⁣&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;∗&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; 0404-DQA1&lt;i&gt;⁣&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;∗&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; 03-DQB1&lt;i&gt;⁣&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;∗&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; 04, HLA-(DR7)-DQA1&lt;i&gt;⁣&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;∗&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; 0201-DQB1&lt;i&gt;⁣&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;∗&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; 02, HLA-(DR11/12/13)-DQA1&lt;i&gt;⁣&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;∗&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; 05-DQB1&lt;i&gt;⁣&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;∗&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; 0301, and HLA-DRB1&lt;i&gt;⁣&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;∗&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; 0403-DQA1&lt;i&gt;⁣&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;∗&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; 03-DQB1&lt;i&gt;⁣&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;∗&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; 0302 were noted as the most protective haplotypes with a significant &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; value and, with ORs ranging from 0.05 to 0.5. The overall frequency of any islet autoantibodies in children and adolescents with T1D was 81.1% compared to 5.5% in the control group (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;  &lt;","PeriodicalId":19797,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Diabetes","volume":"2025 ","pages":"8258430"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12375835/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144964278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors for Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction in Children With Type 1 Diabetes.","authors":"Kristen Favel, Maryellen S Kelly, Shing Tat Theodore Lam, Jeffrey N Bone, Kathryn E Morgan, Heidi A Stephany, Sruthi Thomas, Kourosh Afshar, Constadina Panagiotopoulos","doi":"10.1155/pedi/5294835","DOIUrl":"10.1155/pedi/5294835","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Urologic complications, including urinary incontinence and urinary tract infections are commonly observed in the adult population with type 1 diabetes (T1D); however, there remains a paucity of data on the prevalence, associated risk factors and impact of bowel and bladder dysfunction (BBD) in the pediatric T1D population. <b>Aim:</b> This study aims to examine the prevalence of BBD in children with T1D compared to healthy pediatric controls and to explore clinical factors associated with childhood BBD. <b>Methods:</b> This cross-sectional, noninterventional, multicenter survey study involved children with TID and healthy controls aged 5-16 years across North America. Participants and their caregivers completed the Vancouver Symptom Score (VSS) to assess bowel and bladder symptoms. BBD was defined as a total VSS score of 11 or greater. Logistic regression was used to identify potential factors associated with BBD and bother with symptoms. <b>Results:</b> In a group of 242 participants with T1D and 86 controls, 46% were male, and the median age was 11.0 years. The prevalence of BBD was found to be higher in participants with T1D at 21.5%, compared to 10.5% in controls. While irritative symptoms were most commonly reported in the T1D group with BBD, urinary incontinence caused the most bother. In the T1D group, poorer glycemic control was linked to a greater likelihood of BBD, while male sex and more severe symptomatology (such as urinary incontinence) were associated with greater bother related to these symptoms. <b>Conclusion:</b> There is a high prevalence of BBD in children with T1D compared to healthy controls. These data highlight the need for early identification and intervention for BBD in T1D. Proactive measures, such as routine screening and comprehensive T1D management with strict attention to glycemic control, are crucial to address the significant burden of BBD and improve overall health outcomes for children with T1D and their families.</p>","PeriodicalId":19797,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Diabetes","volume":"2025 ","pages":"5294835"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12373478/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144964320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetics and Empirical Pharmacodynamic Modeling for Pediatric Henagliflozin Dosing: Clinical Insights for Chinese Patients.","authors":"Xinyue Zhang, Hao Xue, Jialei Xu, Ke Ren, Fangyi Qian, Yifan Zhang, Jingru Dou, Kai Shen, Xiao Zhu, Xiaoqiang Xiang, Qingfeng He","doi":"10.1155/pedi/8857248","DOIUrl":"10.1155/pedi/8857248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> This study aimed to present a quantitative modeling and simulation approach for oral henagliflozin, a selective sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor primarily metabolized by uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes. <b>Methods:</b> A physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for henagliflozin was developed using in vitro metabolism and clinical pharmacokinetic (PK) data, with validation across multiple contexts, including healthy adults, and hepatic impairment populations. Additionally, empirical pharmacodynamic (PD) modeling was employed to optimize pediatric dosing based on exposure-response relationships for urinary glucose excretion (UGE). Predicting henagliflozin exposure in pediatric patients poses challenges due to UGT enzyme ontogeny and the scarcity of clinical PK data in younger age groups. Using twofold acceptance criteria, model-predicted and observed drug exposures and PK parameters (area under the curve and peak concentration) were compared in diverse scenarios, including monotherapy in healthy adults (single/multiple doses), hepatic impairment, and extrapolation to pediatric age groups. <b>Results:</b> The PBPK model accurately captured observed exposures within a twofold range in both adults and adolescents, supporting the model's predictive utility. The verified PBPK and empirical PD models informed dosing recommendations in pediatric populations aged 1 month to 18 years, achieving henagliflozin exposures comparable to those in adult patients receiving a 5-10 mg dose. <b>Conclusion:</b> This study shows that PBPK and PD modeling effectively guide pediatric dosing of henagliflozin, reducing trial reliance and supporting real-world validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19797,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Diabetes","volume":"2025 ","pages":"8857248"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12352996/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144874487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Celiac Disease in Children With Type 1 Diabetes: The Usefulness of Screening- 25 years of Experience in a Single Center.","authors":"Roland Schweizer, Julia I Bung, David Majer, Franziska Liebrich, Susann Herrlich, Andreas Neu, Julian Ziegler","doi":"10.1155/pedi/4717290","DOIUrl":"10.1155/pedi/4717290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have an increased risk of developing additional autoimmune diseases. The risk of developing celiac disease (CD) is 3-4 times higher in children with T1D. Guidelines recommend regular screening for transglutaminase antibodies (TgAbs) in T1D children. CD could be an additional burden for T1D children as both diseases affect food intake. We describe the screening practice for CD during the last 25 years in our outpatient clinic in children with T1D. <b>Methods:</b> We retrospectively analyzed the development of CD-specific antibodies in our children with T1D (diabetes onset since 1998). We did not routinely recommend endoscopy when CD-specific antibodies (TgAb, endomysium [EAb], and gliadin) were positive and patients had no CD-specific symptoms. <b>Results:</b> We analyzed 304 patients. In total 122 had CD-specific antibodies. In 98 of them, they disappeared after a short time or had been only slightly elevated. The diagnosis of CD was confirmed in 12. All 12 showed CD-specific symptoms, such as failure to thrive, anemia, hypoglycemia, or gastrointestinal problems. In six patients, even severely elevated EAb and/or TgAb disappeared on average after 7.1 years (range 4.9-13.5 years) on gluten-containing diet. The remaining six had antibodies without CD-specific symptoms by the end of the observation period. In this group the duration of antibody-positivity was 4 years (range 1.8-11.6 years). <b>Conclusion:</b> We conclude that even highly elevated CD-specific antibodies can disappear in children with T1D and that screening for CD-specific antibodies is therefore only useful in symptomatic children with T1D.</p>","PeriodicalId":19797,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Diabetes","volume":"2025 ","pages":"4717290"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12334288/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144817291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topology of <i>WFS1</i> Variants Linked With Islet Function and Higher Risk of Urological Symptoms in <i>WFS1</i>-Associated Disease.","authors":"Juan-Juan Zhang, Tong-Tong Dai, Jun-Qi Wang, Ming-Yue Yin, Yuan-Yan Yang, Li Jiang, Bei-Jun Xia, Zhuo-Zhou Cui, Wen-Li Lu, Rong-Gui Hu, Chuan-Yin Li, Zhi-Ya Dong, Yuan Xiao","doi":"10.1155/pedi/9955995","DOIUrl":"10.1155/pedi/9955995","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wolfram syndrome type 1 gene (<i>WFS1</i>), which encodes a transmembrane (TM) structural protein (wolframin), is essential for several biological processes. Mutations of <i>WFS1</i>, autosomal dominant or recessive inherited, are related to a broad clinical spectrum. Molecular genetic tests were performed, and clinical phenotypes of three WFS1-associated cases were evaluated. The expression of <i>WFS1</i>, viability, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress of the MIN6 cell and structural analysis of the variant WFS1 protein were revealed. Furthermore, a total of 75 pathogenic <i>WFS1</i> variants from ClinVar were included to analyze variant-phenotype association. Genetic testing revealed 3 mutations with unclear pathogenicity in <i>WFS1</i> of the 3 patients with early-onset diabetes, including c.613G >A (p.G205S), c.2053C >T (p.R685C), and c.169G >A (p.A57T). Decreased expression, reduced β-cell viability and enhanced ER stress were found in all variants. Protein stability and structural analysis showed increased protein stability and molecule flexibility of variants p.R685C in the ER-lumenal domain and p.A57T in the ATP6VIA-interaction region, while destabilized protein and rigidificated structure by p.G205S variant in the EF-hand domain at the cytoplasm region. Remarkably, topology was found an independent risk factor with urological symptoms (USs) (<i>p</i>=0.007, odds ratio [OR] 4.768 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.531-14.854]). Surprisingly, variants in the cytoplasm had the highest risk with US than ones in the ER-lumenal domain (<i>p</i>=0.008, OR 22.013 [95% CI: 2.270-213.428]). The functional analysis of the three variants of uncertain significance in <i>WFS1</i> indicated a quantitative and qualitative damage to wolframin with proven pathogenicity. The topology of the WFS1 protein may play an important role in the pathogenesis of β-cell and urological defects in <i>WFS1</i>-associated disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":19797,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Diabetes","volume":"2025 ","pages":"9955995"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12331406/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144799859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in the Prevalence of Diabetes Ketoacidosis at the Onset of Type 1 Diabetes in Polish Children: A Comparative Analysis Between Two 9-Year Periods-2006-2014 and 2015-2023.","authors":"Elżbieta Niechciał, Michał Bielecki, Adrianna Geppert, Sebastian Kokociński, Kamil Kopa, Patrycja Wiącek, Oliwia Witkowska, Laura Dwulit, Olga Mejer, Andrzej Kędzia","doi":"10.1155/pedi/8927409","DOIUrl":"10.1155/pedi/8927409","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Having been facing a progressive increase in the prevalence of type 1 diabetes (T1D), there might be a growing risk of the development of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at disease onset. The prevalence of DKA varies widely by geographic region, ranging from approximately 13% in Sweden to 80% in the United Arab Emirates. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of DKA in childhood-onset T1D from Greater Poland (Poland) in two 9-year periods. <b>Methods:</b> We assessed the prevalence of DKA in children aged <18 years with newly diagnosed T1D in Greater Poland (Poland) in two 9-year periods, 2006-2014 and 2015-2023, in a retrospective review of a complete regional cohort. DKA and its severity were classified according to International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) guidelines. <b>Results:</b> Over the 18 years, 2432 children below 18 years of age with newly diagnosed T1D were recorded. The overall prevalence of DKA was 51.3% (<i>n</i> = 1248), and it rose significantly in two nine-year periods, from 47.7% in 2006-2014 to 53.4% in 2015-2023 (<i>p</i>=0.007). There was a significant shift toward more severe presentations of DKA. While the prevalence of mild DKA decreased slightly from 51.3% to 47.0% (<i>p</i>=0.145), and moderate DKA had a notable decline from 33.1% to 25.2% (<i>p</i>=0.003), the proportion of severe DKA cases rose sharply from 15.5% to 27.7% (<i>p</i> < 0.001). <b>Conclusions:</b> Despite the increasing incidence of T1D in Poland, healthcare, and parental awareness of T1D symptoms remain low, which results in delayed T1D recognition. The escalating prevalence of DKA at T1D onset in children is a concerning public health issue that necessitates a multifaceted approach to education, prevention, and early intervention. Addressing these challenges might help reduce the prevalence of DKA and improve clinical outcomes for children with T1D.</p>","PeriodicalId":19797,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Diabetes","volume":"2025 ","pages":"8927409"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12310306/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144753975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eighteen-Year Incidence, Health Outcomes and Costs Associated With Diabetic Ketoacidosis at Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes in Children in NSW, Australia.","authors":"Kirstine J Bell, Samantha J Lain, Lindsay Stevens, Maria E Craig, Kim C Donaghue, Natasha Nassar","doi":"10.1155/pedi/2550952","DOIUrl":"10.1155/pedi/2550952","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Aim:</b> Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening complication of type 1 diabetes (T1D). We determined the incidence, trends, cost and characteristics of children with and without DKA at T1D diagnosis and association with DKA readmissions. <b>Methods:</b> Children aged <16 years with T1D and residing in New South Wales, Australia, were identified from population-based hospital records (Admitted Patient Data Collection; APDC) for 2002-2019. Diagnoses of T1D and DKA were identified using ICD10 codes. Costs were determined using the 'Australian Refined-Diagnosis Related Group' (AR-DRG) code multiplied by the cost weight and National Efficient Price for the admission year. Associations were assessed using Chi-squared analyses and multivariate regression. <b>Results:</b> A total of 5832 children with T1D were identified, and 36% had DKA at diagnosis. The proportion with DKA at diagnosis was 34.4% in 2002-2003 and 41.0% in 2018-2019, with limited evidence to support a meaningful change over time (Cochrane-Armitage test-for-trend, <i>p</i>=0.062). DKA at diagnosis was associated with age <2 years, lower socio-economic status (SES) and rural/regional areas. DKA at diagnosis was also associated with an increased risk of readmission(s) for DKA (odds ratio [OR]: 1.35 [95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23, 1.49]). DKA doubled the costs/person, considering all available follow-up ($20,571 [interquartile range: $10,825, $37,845] vs. $9743 [$4980, $18,287]). <b>Conclusion:</b> DKA at diagnosis of T1D is a common and expensive health issue in Australia, with the rate of DKA at diagnosis not improving over the last two decades. Effective strategies are needed to improve health outcomes and reduce the economic burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":19797,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Diabetes","volume":"2025 ","pages":"2550952"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12303653/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144732599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Gluten-Free Diet on Metabolic Control and Growth Parameters Among Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes During the First Year After Diagnosis of Celiac Disease: A Retrospective Case-Control Study.","authors":"Ahmed Monir Hegab, Ashraf Abou-Taleb","doi":"10.1155/pedi/1283259","DOIUrl":"10.1155/pedi/1283259","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Aims:</b> Assessment of celiac disease and gluten-free diet (GFD) associations with metabolic control and growth parameters in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) during the first year after diagnosis of celiac disease. <b>Methods:</b> This was a retrospective case-control study that included 47 children and adolescents with T1DM aged <18 years who attended the pediatric diabetes clinic at Sohag University Hospital, Egypt, and had a biopsy-proven diagnosis of celiac disease between January 2017 and December 2021. Each case had two age-, sex-, and duration of diabetes-matched control participants with T1DM who had persistently negative celiac screening tests. Clinical characteristics, growth parameters, insulin doses, celiac autoantibody titers, and HbA1c levels throughout the first year after diagnosis of celiac disease were obtained from the medical records. <b>Results:</b> Children and adolescents with celiac disease had significantly lower insulin doses at diagnosis (<i>p</i>=0.002) compared to their matched controls. There were no significant differences between both groups regarding the HbA1c levels at diagnosis of celiac disease or after 1 year (<i>p</i>=0.27 and 0.81, respectively). Patients with celiac disease had significantly lower weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) standard deviation scores (SDSs) at diagnosis and after 1 year. There were no significant differences between both groups regarding the fasting lipid profiles at diagnosis or after 1 year. Patients with villous atrophy at diagnosis had significantly higher HbA1c levels after 1 year (<i>p</i>=0.04). There were no significant improvements in weight, height, and BMI SDS after 1 year even in patients with normalized celiac autoantibodies. <b>Conclusions:</b> Children and adolescents with T1DM had lower insulin requirements and growth parameters at diagnosis of celiac disease. Villous atrophy at diagnostic small bowel biopsies was associated with worsening glycemic control after 1 year. Longer follow-up periods are required to detect significant improvements in growth parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":19797,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Diabetes","volume":"2025 ","pages":"1283259"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12253996/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypertriglyceridemia in New-Onset Type 1 Pediatric Diabetes.","authors":"Colleen A Macke, Iman Al-Gadi, Nidhi Bansal, Sarah K Lyons, Aikaterini A Nella","doi":"10.1155/pedi/8425032","DOIUrl":"10.1155/pedi/8425032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) in the setting of newly diagnosed diabetes is common in both adult and pediatric populations, as insulin deficiency promotes lipolysis and impairs triglyceride (TG) clearance. Severe HTG (defined as TG levels above 1000 mg/dL) in pediatric patients with new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is rare; the true incidence and sequela of this phenomenon have not been well characterized. We present a single-center experience on severe HTG in pediatric patients with new-onset T1D between 2013 and 2022 and summarize the cases previously reported in the literature. Our cases display variability in their presentation and in their association with high-risk complications, such as acute pancreatitis. We discuss suggestions of early screening for HTG and pancreatitis in patients with protracted abdominal pain, and close monitoring of those identified to have significant HTG.</p>","PeriodicalId":19797,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Diabetes","volume":"2025 ","pages":"8425032"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12226158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144560739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}