Pediatric Diabetes最新文献

{"title":"ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Assessment and management of hypoglycemia in children and adolescents with diabetes.","authors":"Mary B Abraham, Beate Karges, Klemen Dovc, Diana Naranjo, Ana Maria Arbelaez, Joyce Mbogo, Ganesh Javelikar, Timothy W Jones, Farid H Mahmud","doi":"10.1111/pedi.13443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pedi.13443","url":null,"abstract":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Australia Children's Diabetes Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia Discipline of Pediatrics, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, UMC University Children's Hospital, Ljubljana, Slovenia, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA Department of Pediatric and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Max Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada","PeriodicalId":19797,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Diabetes","volume":"23 8","pages":"1322-1340"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2e/83/PEDI-23-1322.PMC10107518.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9375831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decreased occurrence of ketoacidosis and preservation of beta cell function in relatives screened and monitored for type 1 diabetes in Australia and New Zealand.","authors":"John M Wentworth, Helena Oakey, Maria E Craig, Jennifer J Couper, Fergus J Cameron, Elizabeth A Davis, Antony R Lafferty, Mark Harris, Benjamin J Wheeler, Craig Jefferies, Peter G Colman, Leonard C Harrison","doi":"10.1111/pedi.13422","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pedi.13422","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Islet autoantibody screening of infants and young children in the Northern Hemisphere, together with semi-annual metabolic monitoring, is associated with a lower risk of ketoacidosis (DKA) and improved glucose control after diagnosis of clinical (stage 3) type 1 diabetes (T1D). We aimed to determine if similar benefits applied to older Australians and New Zealanders monitored less rigorously.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>DKA occurrence and metabolic control were compared between T1D relatives screened and monitored for T1D and unscreened individuals diagnosed in the general population, ascertained from the Australasian Diabetes Data Network.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 2005 and 2019, 17,105 relatives (mean (SD) age 15.7 (10.8) years; 52% female) were screened for autoantibodies against insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase, and insulinoma-associated protein 2. Of these, 652 screened positive to a single and 306 to multiple autoantibody specificities, of whom 201 and 215, respectively, underwent metabolic monitoring. Of 178 relatives diagnosed with stage 3 T1D, 9 (5%) had DKA, 7 of whom had not undertaken metabolic monitoring. The frequency of DKA in the general population was 31%. After correction for age, sex and T1D family history, the frequency of DKA in screened relatives was >80% lower than in the general population. HbA1c and insulin requirements following diagnosis were also lower in screened relatives, consistent with greater beta cell reserve.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>T1D autoantibody screening and metabolic monitoring of older children and young adults in Australia and New Zealand, by enabling pre-clinical diagnosis when beta cell reserve is greater, confers protection from DKA. These clinical benefits support ongoing efforts to increase screening activity in the region and should facilitate the application of emerging immunotherapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19797,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Diabetes","volume":"23 8","pages":"1594-1601"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9772160/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9590199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insulin resistance relates to DKA severity and affects insulin requirement in children with type 1 diabetes at onset.","authors":"Concetta Mastromauro,&nbsp;Nella Polidori,&nbsp;Annalisa Blasetti,&nbsp;Laura Comegna,&nbsp;Francesco Chiarelli,&nbsp;Angelika Mohn,&nbsp;Cosimo Giannini","doi":"10.1111/pedi.13424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pedi.13424","url":null,"abstract":"Fluid and insulin treatments are the cornerstones of DKA management and indications on dosages are available. However, according to possible confounding factors, relevant data are still required to explain the different insulin dosages adopted at diabetes onset, particularly based upon insulin sensitivity.","PeriodicalId":19797,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Diabetes","volume":"23 8","pages":"1613-1620"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f3/5e/PEDI-23-1613.PMC10092633.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9301517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical characteristics and cardiovascular risk profile in children and adolescents with latent autoimmune diabetes: Results from the German/Austrian prospective diabetes follow-up registry.","authors":"Alena Welters,&nbsp;Sascha R Tittel,&nbsp;Thomas Reinehr,&nbsp;Daniel Weghuber,&nbsp;Susanna Wiegand,&nbsp;Wolfram Karges,&nbsp;Clemens Freiberg,&nbsp;Thomas Meissner,&nbsp;Nanette C Schloot,&nbsp;Reinhard W Holl","doi":"10.1111/pedi.13450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pedi.13450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To characterize children and adolescents with latent autoimmune diabetes of the young (LADY), and to assess the utility of classifying individuals as LADYs regarding their cardiovascular (CV) risk factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from 25,520 individuals (age at diagnosis <18 years) of the Prospective Diabetes Follow-up Registry Diabetes-Patienten Verlaufsdokumentation (DPV) were analyzed. LADY was defined as positivity of ≥one islet autoantibody (iAb+) and an insulin-free interval of ≥6 months upon diabetes diagnosis. LADYs were compared to iAb+ individuals immediately requiring insulin (\"immunologically confirmed\" type 1 diabetes, T1DM), iAb-/Ins- individuals (\"classical\" T2DM) and to those clinically defined as T2DM (iAbs not measured).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Clinical characteristics of LADYs (n = 299) fell in between those with T1DM (n = 24,932) and T2DM (iAb-/Ins-, n = 152) or suspected T2DM (iAB not measured, n = 137). Stratifying LADYs according to their clinical diagnosis however revealed two distinct populations, highly resembling either T1DM or T2DM. Particularly, CV risk profile, precisely prevalence rates of arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia, was significantly higher in LADYs clinically classified as T2DM compared to LADYs classified as T1DM, and did not differ from those with \"classical\" T2DM.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In terms of CV risk, classifying children and adolescents with diabetes as LADYs provides no additional benefit. Instead, clinical diagnosis seems to better assign individuals to appropriate risk groups for increased CV risk profiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":19797,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Diabetes","volume":"23 8","pages":"1602-1612"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10442678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corneal nerve and nerve conduction abnormalities in children with type 1 diabetes.","authors":"Danièle Pacaud,&nbsp;Kenneth G Romanchuk,&nbsp;Heidi Virtanen,&nbsp;Maryam Ferdousi,&nbsp;Alberto Nettel-Aguirre,&nbsp;Jean K Mah,&nbsp;Mitra Tavakoli,&nbsp;Douglas W Zochodne,&nbsp;Rayaz A Malik","doi":"10.1111/pedi.13419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pedi.13419","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In vivo corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) is a novel, rapid, and non-invasive technique that identifies early small fiber damage and can predict the progression and development of clinical neuropathy in adults with type 1 diabetes. However, its usefulness in children is not well established. This study compared corneal confocal microscopy with neuropathic symptoms, signs, and objective measures of neuropathy for the diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy in children with type 1 diabetes.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>A total of 83 children with type 1 diabetes and 83 healthy participants of similar age underwent assessment of neuropathy symptoms, signs, nerve conduction studies, quantitative sensory and autonomic function testing, and in vivo CCM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Only of 3/83 (4%) children with type 1 diabetes had subclinical neuropathy. However, corneal nerve fiber density (p = 0.001), branch density (p = 0.006), fiber length (p = 0.002), tibial motor nerve amplitude and conduction velocity, and sural sensory nerve amplitude and conduction velocity (all p < 0.004) were lower in participants with type 1 diabetes than in the controls. Vibration, cooling, and warm perception thresholds and deep breathing heart rate variability were not found to be different (all p > 0.05) between children with type 1 diabetes and healthy controls. Multivariate regression analysis identified a possible association between body mass index and decreased corneal nerves.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Decreased corneal nerves and abnormal nerve conduction were found in children with type 1 diabetes. CCM may allow rapid objective detection of subclinical diabetic neuropathy in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19797,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Diabetes","volume":"23 8","pages":"1665-1673"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10446905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insulin delivery patterns required to maintain postprandial euglycemia in type 1 diabetes following consumption of traditional Egyptian Ramadan Iftar meal using insulin pump therapy: A randomized crossover trial.","authors":"Nancy Samir Elbarbary,&nbsp;Yasmine Ibrahim Elhenawy,&nbsp;Ali Rezq Reyd Ali,&nbsp;Carmel E Smart","doi":"10.1111/pedi.13439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pedi.13439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>During Ramadan, traditional Egyptian Iftar meals have large amounts of high-glycemic index carbohydrate and fat. The efficacy of different bolus regimens on optimizing post prandial glucose (PPG) excursion following this Iftar meal was assessed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A randomized controlled trial evaluating 4-h PPG measured by continuous glucose-monitoring was conducted. A total of 25 youth with T1DM using insulin pumps were given the same Iftar meal (fat [45 g], protein [28 g], CHO [95 g]) on seven consecutive days. Insulin to carbohydrate ratio (ICR) was individualized, and all boluses were given upfront 20 min before Iftar. Participants were randomized to receive a standard bolus and six different split boluses delivered over 4 h in the following splits: dual wave (DW) 50/50; DW 50/50 with 20% increment (120% ICR); DW60/40; DW 60/40 with 20% increment; DW 70/30 and DW 70/30 with 20% increment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Standard bolus and split 70/30 with 20% increment resulted in significantly lower early glucose excursions (120 min) with mean excursions of less than 40 mg/dL (2.2 mmol/L) compared to other conditions (p < 0.01). The split 70/30 with 20% increment significantly optimized late PPG excursion (240 min) in comparison to standard bolus (p < 0.01), as well as resulting in a significantly lower post meal glucose area under the curve compared with all other conditions (p < 0.01), with no late hypoglycemia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To achieve physiologic PPG profile in traditional Iftar meal, a DW bolus with 20% increment given 20 min preprandial as split bolus 70/30 over 4 h, optimized both early and delayed PPG excursions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19797,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Diabetes","volume":"23 8","pages":"1628-1634"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10447401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term effectiveness of advanced hybrid closed loop in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.","authors":"Barbara Piccini,&nbsp;Benedetta Pessina,&nbsp;Emilio Casalini,&nbsp;Lorenzo Lenzi,&nbsp;Sonia Toni","doi":"10.1111/pedi.13440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pedi.13440","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Advanced hybrid closed loop (AHCL) systems are the newest tool to improve metabolic control in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Long-term glycemic control of children and adolescents with T1D switching to MiniMed™ 780G in a real clinical setting was evaluated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Time in range (TIR) and in different glucose ranges, glycemic variability indexes, HbA1c and basal-bolus insulin distribution were evaluated in 44 subjects (mean age 14.2 ± 4.0 years, 22 males) during manual mode period, first 14 days (A14d) and first month after auto-mode activation (A1M), first 14 days after 3 months (A3M) and 6 months (A6M) in auto-mode.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean TIR at A14d was 76.3 ± 9.6% versus 69.3 ± 12.6% in manual mode (p < 0.001), and this improvement was maintained over 6 months. Subjects with TIR >70% and >80% in manual mode were 45% and 23%, respectively, and increased to 80% (p = 0.041) and 41% (p = 0.007) at A14d. Basal-bolus distribution changed in favor of bolus, and auto-correction boluses inversely correlated with TIR. HbA1c was 7.2 ± 0.7% (55 mmol/mol) at baseline and significantly improved after 3 months (6.7 ± 0.5%, 50 mmol/mol, p < 0.001) and 6 months (6.6 ± 0.5%, 49 mmol/mol, p < 0.001). TIR was higher in individuals >13 years at all time periods (p < 0.001). Glycemic target <120 mg/dl was associated with better TIR.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AHCL MiniMed™ 780G allowed rapid and sustained improvement of glycemic control in young T1D patients, reaching recommended TIR. Teenagers showed good technology adherence with optimal TIR, maintained better over time compared to younger children. Stricter settings were associated with better metabolic control, without increase in severe hypoglycemia occurrence.</p>","PeriodicalId":19797,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Diabetes","volume":"23 8","pages":"1647-1655"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10478745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Ramadan and other religious fasting by young people with diabetes.","authors":"Asma Deeb,&nbsp;Amir Babiker,&nbsp;Sara Sedaghat,&nbsp;Ahmed El Awwa,&nbsp;Kowshik Gupta,&nbsp;Aman Bhakti Pulungan,&nbsp;Umar Isa Umar,&nbsp;Zhanay Akanov,&nbsp;Sanjay Kalra,&nbsp;David Zangen,&nbsp;Sara Al Adhami,&nbsp;Melina Karipidou,&nbsp;M Loredana Marcovecchio","doi":"10.1111/pedi.13447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pedi.13447","url":null,"abstract":"Department of Diabetes Education, Research and Development, Gabric Diabetes Education Association, Tehran, Iran Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia-Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia Department of Paediatrics, Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria Centre of Diabetes, Kazakh Society for Study of Diabetes, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital, Karnal, India Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel Endocrinology department, Mediclinic City hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK","PeriodicalId":19797,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Diabetes","volume":"23 8","pages":"1512-1528"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10500737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Management of the child, adolescent, and young adult with diabetes in limited resource settings.","authors":"Anju Virmani,&nbsp;Stuart J Brink,&nbsp;Angela Middlehurst,&nbsp;Fauzia Mohsin,&nbsp;Franco Giraudo,&nbsp;Archana Sarda,&nbsp;Sana Ajmal,&nbsp;Julia E von Oettingen,&nbsp;Kuben Pillay,&nbsp;Supawadee Likitmaskul,&nbsp;Luis Eduardo Calliari,&nbsp;Maria E Craig","doi":"10.1111/pedi.13456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pedi.13456","url":null,"abstract":"Department of Pediatrics, Max Super Specialty Hospital, New Delhi, India Department of Endocrinology, Madhukar Rainbow Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India New England Diabetes and Endocrinology Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA New England Diabetes and Endocrinology Center, Newton, Massachusetts, USA Harvard School of Medicine, Tufts School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA ISPAD & International Volunteer Pediatric Diabetes Educator, Sydney, Australia Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, Dept of Pediatrics, BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh Institute of Maternal and Child Research (IDIMI), School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile San Borja Arriarán Clinical Hospital, Santiago, Chile UDAAN, NGO for Persons with Diabetes, Aurangabad, India Meethi Zindagi, Not-for-Profit Community Organisation for Persons with Diabetes, Rawalpindi, Pakistan Dept of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Montreal Children's Hospital, Quebec, Canada Westville Hospital, Durban, South Africa Siriraj Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand Santa Casa of Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences, Sao Paulo, Brazil The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia The University of Sydney Children's Hospital, Westmead Clinical School, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia School of Women's and Children's Health, University of NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia","PeriodicalId":19797,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Diabetes","volume":"23 8","pages":"1529-1551"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10500738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ISPAD clinical practice consensus guidelines 2022: Management of children and adolescents with diabetes requiring surgery.","authors":"Thomas Kapellen,&nbsp;Juliana Chizo Agwu,&nbsp;Lizabeth Martin,&nbsp;Seema Kumar,&nbsp;Marianna Rachmiel,&nbsp;Declan Cody,&nbsp;Sunkara V S G Nirmala,&nbsp;M Loredana Marcovecchio","doi":"10.1111/pedi.13446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pedi.13446","url":null,"abstract":"Department for Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Liebigstrasse 20 Leipzig; Children's Hospital Am Nicolausholz, Bad Kösen, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany Department of Paediatrics, Sandwell and West Birmingham, NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK University of Washington Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Pediatric Anesthesia, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Institute, Shamir (Assaf Haroffeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Children's Hospital Ireland Crumlin Dublin, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK","PeriodicalId":19797,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Diabetes","volume":"23 8","pages":"1468-1477"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10443763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}