Pathogens and disease最新文献

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Oxidative profile, inflammatory responses and δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase enzyme activity in influenza B virus infection. 乙型流感病毒感染的氧化特性、炎症反应和δ-氨基乙酰丙酸脱水酶活性。
IF 3.3 4区 医学
Pathogens and disease Pub Date : 2023-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftad028
Jovana Simonetti Bulegon, Andressa de Azambuja Pias Weber, Manoela Dias de Souza, Fernanda Tibolla Viero, Micheli Mainardi Pillat, Thissiane de Lima Gonçalves
{"title":"Oxidative profile, inflammatory responses and δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase enzyme activity in influenza B virus infection.","authors":"Jovana Simonetti Bulegon,&nbsp;Andressa de Azambuja Pias Weber,&nbsp;Manoela Dias de Souza,&nbsp;Fernanda Tibolla Viero,&nbsp;Micheli Mainardi Pillat,&nbsp;Thissiane de Lima Gonçalves","doi":"10.1093/femspd/ftad028","DOIUrl":"10.1093/femspd/ftad028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of the current study was to determine the activity of the delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase (δ-ALA-D) enzyme, oxidative stress biomarkers and the expression of cytokines in those infected with influenza B virus (IBV). To evaluate the activity of the δ-ALA-D enzyme, lipid peroxidation was estimated as levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, protein and non-protein thiol groups, ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), vitamin C concentration and cytokine levels in IBV-infected individuals (n  = 50) and a control group (n = 30). δ-ALA-D activity was significantly lower in IBV-infected individuals compared with controls, as well as levels of thiols, vitamin C and FRAP. Lipid peroxidation and cytokine levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A and IFN-y were statistically higher in the IBV group. In conclusion, we found evidence of the generation of oxidants, the depletion of the antioxidant system, decrease in the activity of the δ-ALA-D enzyme and an increase in the synthesis of cytokines, thus contributing to a better understanding of oxidative and inflammatory pathways during IBV infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":19795,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41208257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Probiotics in vaginal health. 阴道健康中的益生菌。
IF 3.3 4区 医学
Pathogens and disease Pub Date : 2023-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftad012
Noushin Mashatan, Reza Heidari, Mana Altafi, Amir Amini, Mohammad Mehdi Ommati, Masoud Hashemzaei
{"title":"Probiotics in vaginal health.","authors":"Noushin Mashatan,&nbsp;Reza Heidari,&nbsp;Mana Altafi,&nbsp;Amir Amini,&nbsp;Mohammad Mehdi Ommati,&nbsp;Masoud Hashemzaei","doi":"10.1093/femspd/ftad012","DOIUrl":"10.1093/femspd/ftad012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacterial vaginosis, a type of vaginal inflammation, can be considered the main reason for abnormal discharges of the vagina and vaginal dysbiosis during reproductive years. Epidemiological investigations of females suffering from vaginitis demonstrated that at least 30% to 50% of all women had Bacterial vaginosis (BV). One of the fields of treatment is the use of probiotics, probiotics are commonly defined as viable microorganisms (yeasts or bacteria) that can positively affect the health of their hosts. They are used in foods, notably fermented milk products, and medicine-related products. The development of new probiotic strains is aimed at more active advantageous organisms. Lactobacillus species are the dominant bacteria in a normal vagina that can decrease the pH of the vagina by the production of lactic acid. A number of lactobacilli types can produce hydrogen peroxide as well. The presence of hydrogen peroxide-induced low pH can prevent the growth of several other microorganisms. The vaginal flora of BV cases can modify by replacing the Lactobacillus species with a high density of anaerobic bacteria (i.e. Mobiluncus sp. Bacteroides sp.), Mycoplasma hominis, and Gardnerella vaginalis. More vaginal infections are treated with medications, while there is a possibility of recurrence and chronic infection because of the adverse effects on the indigenous lactobacilli. Probiotics and prebiotics have shown capacities for optimizing, maintaining, and restoring the vaginal microflora. Therefore, biotherapeutics can offer alternative approaches to reduce infections of the vagina and thus promote consumers' health.</p>","PeriodicalId":19795,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens and disease","volume":"81 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9796881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Burkholderia contaminans prevalent phenotypes as possible markers of poor clinical outcomes in chronic lung infection of children with cystic fibrosis. 在囊性纤维化儿童慢性肺部感染中,伯克霍尔德菌污染的流行表型可能是不良临床结果的标志。
IF 3.3 4区 医学
Pathogens and disease Pub Date : 2023-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftad003
Beltina León, Claudia Prieto, Marisa Bettiol, Mariana Leguizamón, Virginia D Alessandro, Daniela Casco, Carolina Vita, Cecilia Beatriz Figoli, Cecilia Vescina, Fernando Rentería, Silvia T Cardona, Alejandra Bosch
{"title":"The Burkholderia contaminans prevalent phenotypes as possible markers of poor clinical outcomes in chronic lung infection of children with cystic fibrosis.","authors":"Beltina León,&nbsp;Claudia Prieto,&nbsp;Marisa Bettiol,&nbsp;Mariana Leguizamón,&nbsp;Virginia D Alessandro,&nbsp;Daniela Casco,&nbsp;Carolina Vita,&nbsp;Cecilia Beatriz Figoli,&nbsp;Cecilia Vescina,&nbsp;Fernando Rentería,&nbsp;Silvia T Cardona,&nbsp;Alejandra Bosch","doi":"10.1093/femspd/ftad003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/femspd/ftad003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Burkholderia contaminans, a species of the Burkholderia cepacia complex-prevalent in certain Latin-American and European countries-can cause chronic pulmonary infection in persons with cystic fibrosis. Our aim was to gain insights into long-term lung infections with a focus on correlating how bacterial phenotypic traits in the chronic infection impact on patients' clinical outcome. Genotypic characteristics of 85 B. contaminans isolates recovered from 70 patients were investigated. For 16 of those patients, the clinical status and bacterial phenotypic characteristics, e.g. several virulence factors, phenotypic variants, and the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, were evaluated. Two clones were found in the whole bacterial population: (i) the multiresistant ST 872 PCR-recA-RFLP-HaeIII-K-pattern clone, which carries a pathogenic island homologous to BcenGI11 of B. cenocepacia J2315, and (ii) the ST 102 PCR-recA-RFLP-HaeIII-AT-pattern clone. The emergence of certain bacterial phenotypes in the chronic infection such as the nonmucoid phenotype, small colony variants, brownish pigmented colonies, and hypermutators, proved to be, together with coinfection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the possible markers of more challenging infections and poor prognosis. The presence of cocolonizers and the bacterial phenotypes that are especially adapted to persist in long-term respiratory tract infections have a crucial role in patients' clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19795,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens and disease","volume":"81 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9819201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Immunogenicity evaluation of a novel virus-like particle vaccine candidate against SARS-CoV-2 in BALB/c. 针对严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型的新型病毒样颗粒候选疫苗在BALB/c中的免疫原性评估。
IF 3.3 4区 医学
Pathogens and disease Pub Date : 2023-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftad021
Golnaz Bahramali, Maryam Mashhadi Abolghasem Shirazi, Mina Hannan, Mohammad Reza Aghasadeghi, Mohammad Sadeq Khosravy, Sina Arjmand, Seyed Mehdi Sadat
{"title":"Immunogenicity evaluation of a novel virus-like particle vaccine candidate against SARS-CoV-2 in BALB/c.","authors":"Golnaz Bahramali,&nbsp;Maryam Mashhadi Abolghasem Shirazi,&nbsp;Mina Hannan,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Aghasadeghi,&nbsp;Mohammad Sadeq Khosravy,&nbsp;Sina Arjmand,&nbsp;Seyed Mehdi Sadat","doi":"10.1093/femspd/ftad021","DOIUrl":"10.1093/femspd/ftad021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has imposed deployment of an effective vaccine as a worldwide health priority. The new variants of SARS-CoV-2 have also brought serious concerns due to virus eradiation hesitancy. In this study, we evaluated the protective immune system activity of a recombinant viral vector-based vaccine candidate encoding a fusion spike, membrane and nucleocapsid proteins, Spike (528-1273aa)-M-N, in BALB/c via two different routes of delivery, intranasal and subcutaneous. The immune responses were then assessed through specific SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, interleukin and granzyme B secretion. The outcomes showed that the IgG titer and IgA secretion was higher in intranasal route in comparison with the subcutaneous, and what is more, a higher titer of IL-4 was detected through the intranasal route, whereas IFN-γ was highly induced via the subcutaneous route. The cytotoxic cell activities were mostly achieved via subcutaneous route immunization. Vaccination with the target antigen is immunogenic and led to induction of specific antibodies. Both humoral and cellular immunity arms were well activated in immunized mice, especially through intranasal route with detectable IgA and IgG. Therefore, implication of the platform as a potential vaccine candidate has potential as a future prophylactic vaccine that guarantees further investigations for the assessment of its immunogenicity in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":19795,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10155293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Assessment of long-term adverse events regarding different COVID-19 vaccine regimens within an 18-month follow-up study. 在18个月的随访研究中评估不同COVID-19疫苗方案的长期不良事件
IF 3.3 4区 医学
Pathogens and disease Pub Date : 2023-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftad010
Mona Sadat Larijani, Rahim Sorouri, Sana Eybpoosh, Delaram Doroud, Ladan Moradi, Mozhgan Ahmadinezhad, Anahita Bavand, Fatemeh Ashrafian, Parinaz Tajmehrabi Namini, Mahsan Zali, Amitis Ramezani
{"title":"Assessment of long-term adverse events regarding different COVID-19 vaccine regimens within an 18-month follow-up study.","authors":"Mona Sadat Larijani,&nbsp;Rahim Sorouri,&nbsp;Sana Eybpoosh,&nbsp;Delaram Doroud,&nbsp;Ladan Moradi,&nbsp;Mozhgan Ahmadinezhad,&nbsp;Anahita Bavand,&nbsp;Fatemeh Ashrafian,&nbsp;Parinaz Tajmehrabi Namini,&nbsp;Mahsan Zali,&nbsp;Amitis Ramezani","doi":"10.1093/femspd/ftad010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/femspd/ftad010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early reports on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines presented the short-term adverse events (AEs). This follow-up study investigated a standard regimen based on protein subunit vaccines, PastoCovac and PastoCovac Plus, and the combinational vaccine regimens including AstraZeneca/PastoCovac Plus and Sinopharm/PastoCovac Plus. The participants were followed up to 6 months post the booster shot. All the AEs were collected through in-depth interviews using a valid researcher-made questionnaire and were evaluated regarding the association with the vaccines. Of the 509 individuals, 6.2% of the combinational vaccine participants had late AEs, of whom 3.3% suffered from cutaneous manifestations, followed by 1.1% arthralgia complaints, 1.1% with neurologic disorders, 0.3% ocular problems and 0.3% metabolic complications, with no significant difference between the vaccine regimens. For the standard regimen, 2% of the individuals experienced late AEs as (1%), neurological disorders (0.3%), metabolic problems (0.3%) and involvement of joints (0.3%). Notably, 75% of the AEs were persistent up to the end of the study. A low number of late AEs were captured in 18 months as 12 improbable, 5 unclassifiable, 4 possible and 3 probable associated AEs with the vaccine regimens. The benefits of COVID-19 vaccination far exceed the potential risks and late AEs seem to be uncommon.</p>","PeriodicalId":19795,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens and disease","volume":"81 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10044381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Role of Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α in host defense during pneumococcal pneumonia. 缺氧诱导因子1α在肺炎球菌肺炎中宿主防御中的作用。
IF 3.3 4区 医学
Pathogens and disease Pub Date : 2023-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftac047
Liza Pereverzeva, Natasja A Otto, Hessel Peters-Sengers, Joris J T H Roelofs, Alex F de Vos, Tom van der Poll
{"title":"Role of Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α in host defense during pneumococcal pneumonia.","authors":"Liza Pereverzeva,&nbsp;Natasja A Otto,&nbsp;Hessel Peters-Sengers,&nbsp;Joris J T H Roelofs,&nbsp;Alex F de Vos,&nbsp;Tom van der Poll","doi":"10.1093/femspd/ftac047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/femspd/ftac047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)1α is a transcription factor involved in cellular metabolism and regulation of immune cell effector functions. Here, we studied the role of HIF1α in myeloid cells during pneumonia caused by the major causative pathogen, Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spneu). Mice deficient for HIF1α in myeloid cells (LysMcreHif1αfl/fl) were generated to study the in vitro responsiveness of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and alveolar macrophages (AMs) to the Gram-positive bacterial wall component lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and heat-killed Spneu, and the in vivo host response after infection with Spneu via the airways. Both BMDMs and AMs released more lactate upon stimulation with LTA or Spneu, indicative of enhanced glycolysis; HIF1α-deficiency in these cells was associated with diminished lactate release. In BMDMs, HIF1α-deficiency resulted in reduced secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α and interleukin (IL)-6 upon activation with Spneu but not LTA, while HIF1α-deficient AMs secreted less TNFα and IL-6 in response to LTA, and TNFα after Spneu stimulation. However, no difference was found in the host response of LysMcreHif1αfl/fl mice after Spneu infection as compared to controls. Similar in vivo findings were obtained in neutrophil (Mrp8creHif1αfl/fl) HIF1α-deficient mice. These data suggest that myeloid HIF1α is dispensable for the host defense during pneumococcal pneumonia.</p>","PeriodicalId":19795,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens and disease","volume":"81 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10817697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
First molecular detection of Entamoeba gingivalis subtypes in individuals from Turkey. 首次在土耳其个体中进行齿龈内阿米巴亚型的分子检测。
IF 3.3 4区 医学
Pathogens and disease Pub Date : 2023-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftad017
Serra Örsten, Cem Şahin, Engin Yılmaz, Yakut Akyön
{"title":"First molecular detection of Entamoeba gingivalis subtypes in individuals from Turkey.","authors":"Serra Örsten,&nbsp;Cem Şahin,&nbsp;Engin Yılmaz,&nbsp;Yakut Akyön","doi":"10.1093/femspd/ftad017","DOIUrl":"10.1093/femspd/ftad017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Entamoeba gingivalis is a parasitic protozoan that colonizes the human oral cavity and there are two subtypes (ST1 and ST2) that have been identified to date. However, there are no reports on the molecular detection or characterization of E. gingivalis in Turkey. The objective of this study was to detect the presence of E. gingivalis in Turkish healthy individuals and those with periodontal disease and to subtype the isolates using molecular techniques. Samples from the oral cavity of 94 individuals were taken and the presence of E. gingivalis was determined by PCR using primers for SsrRNA and the amplicons were then confirmed by DNA sequencing. Each participant completed a questionnaire that included demographic data, habits and lifestyle, as well as health status. The presence of E. gingivalis was detected in a total of 19 samples (11 patients and eight healthy individuals). Molecular characterization determined that 12 samples belonged to ST1 and seven samples belonged to ST2. The presence of E. gingivalis was higher in patients with periodontal disease than in healthy individuals, and this association was statistically significant (P < .05). This study constitutes the first report of molecular detection and subtyping of E. gingivalis in Turkey.</p>","PeriodicalId":19795,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens and disease","volume":"81 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10553396/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10275595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nur77 influences immunometabolism to regulate the release of proinflammatory cytokines and the formation of lipid bodies during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of macrophages. Nur77在结核分枝杆菌感染巨噬细胞过程中影响免疫代谢,调节促炎细胞因子的释放和脂质体的形成。
IF 3.3 4区 医学
Pathogens and disease Pub Date : 2023-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftad033
Pankaj Birari, Soumya Mal, Debayan Majumder, Arun K Sharma, Manish Kumar, Troyee Das, Zhumur Ghosh, Kuladip Jana, Umesh D Gupta, Manikuntala Kundu, Joyoti Basu
{"title":"Nur77 influences immunometabolism to regulate the release of proinflammatory cytokines and the formation of lipid bodies during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of macrophages.","authors":"Pankaj Birari, Soumya Mal, Debayan Majumder, Arun K Sharma, Manish Kumar, Troyee Das, Zhumur Ghosh, Kuladip Jana, Umesh D Gupta, Manikuntala Kundu, Joyoti Basu","doi":"10.1093/femspd/ftad033","DOIUrl":"10.1093/femspd/ftad033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infection of macrophages with Mycobacterium tuberculosis induces innate immune responses designed to clear the invading bacterium. However, bacteria often survive within the intracellular environment by exploiting these responses triggered by macrophages. Here, the role of the orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 (Nr4a1) in regulating the response of macrophages infected with M. tuberculosis (Mtb) has been delineated. Nur77 is induced early during infection, regulates metabolism by binding directly at the promoter of the TCA cycle enzyme, isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2), to act as its repressor, and shifts the balance from a proinflammatory to an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Depletion of Nur77 increased transcription of IDH2 and, consequently, the levels of intracellular succinate, leading to enhanced levels of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β. Further, Nur77 inhibited the production of antibacterial nitric oxide and IL-1β in a succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)-dependent manner, suggesting that its induction favors bacterial survival by suppressing bactericidal responses. Indeed, depletion of Nur77 inhibited the intracellular survival of Mtb. On the other hand, depletion of Nur77 enhanced lipid body formation, suggesting that the fall in Nur77 levels as infection progresses likely favors foamy macrophage formation and long-term survival of Mtb in the host milieu.</p>","PeriodicalId":19795,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138452018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Impact of nutrients on the function of the chlamydial Rsb partner switching mechanism. 营养物质对衣原体Rsb伴侣转换机制功能的影响。
IF 3.3 4区 医学
Pathogens and disease Pub Date : 2022-11-29 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftac044
Shiomi Kuwabara, Evan R Landers, Derek J Fisher
{"title":"Impact of nutrients on the function of the chlamydial Rsb partner switching mechanism.","authors":"Shiomi Kuwabara,&nbsp;Evan R Landers,&nbsp;Derek J Fisher","doi":"10.1093/femspd/ftac044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/femspd/ftac044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis is a leading cause of sexually transmitted infections and infectious blindness. Chlamydia undergo a biphasic developmental cycle alternating between the infectious elementary body (EB) and the replicative reticulate body (RB). The molecular mechanisms governing RB growth and RB-EB differentiation are unclear. We hypothesize that the bacterium senses host cell and bacterial energy levels and metabolites to ensure that development and growth coincide with nutrient availability. We predict that a partner switching mechanism (PSM) plays a key role in the sensing and response process acting as a molecular throttle sensitive to metabolite levels. Using purified wild type and mutant PSM proteins, we discovered that metal type impacts enzyme activity and the substrate specificity of RsbU and that RsbW prefers ATP over GTP as a phosphate donor. Immunoblotting analysis of RsbV1/V2 demonstrated the presence of both proteins beyond 20 hours post infection and we observed that an RsbV1-null strain has a developmental delay and exhibits differential growth attenuation in response to glucose levels. Collectively, our data support that the PSM regulates growth in response to metabolites and further defines biochemical features governing PSM-component interactions which could help in the development of novel PSM-targeted therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":19795,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens and disease","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10343554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Adjuvants to increase immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 RBD and support maternal-fetal transference of antibodies in mice. 佐剂增加SARS-CoV-2 RBD的免疫原性并支持小鼠抗体的母胎转移
IF 3.3 4区 医学
Pathogens and disease Pub Date : 2022-10-19 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftac038
Gabrielle Gimenes Lima, Amanda Izeli Portilho, Elizabeth De Gaspari
{"title":"Adjuvants to increase immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 RBD and support maternal-fetal transference of antibodies in mice.","authors":"Gabrielle Gimenes Lima,&nbsp;Amanda Izeli Portilho,&nbsp;Elizabeth De Gaspari","doi":"10.1093/femspd/ftac038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/femspd/ftac038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adjuvants are important components of vaccines, increasing immunogenicity and modulating the immune response. SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are still being developed in order to improve worldwide access to immunization. Specific populations should be addressed in these investigations, such as pregnant women-to protect both mothers and neonates. In this study, female adult mice were immunized with Receptor-binding domain (RBD) from SARS-CoV-2 adjuvanted by a mixture of DDA and Saponin and put to mating to verify the maternal transference of IgG. For comparison, other group received RBD adjuvanted by OMVs from Neisseria meningitidis and Alum. The adjuvants enhanced IgG production and neutralization. DDA/Sap contributed to increase IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgG3 isotypes. Total IgG avidity was considered high, as well as IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b avidity. IgG antibodies were effectively transferred to the offspring, predominantly IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgG3. The passive transferred immunoglobulin maintained the neutralizing ability, although it lost avidity. ELISA data was confirmed in Dot-ELISA and immunoblotting assays. DDA and Saponin seem a promising adjuvant mixture to enhance the humoral response of SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Further studies considering the effects of maternal immunization in the protection of offspring are needed, regardless the platform used in COVID-19 vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":19795,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens and disease","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9620730/pdf/ftac038.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9254779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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