Pharmacopsychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Impact of Antipsychotic Medications on Weight Gain and Eating Disorder-Related Psychopathology in Adult Inpatients with Anorexia Nervosa.","authors":"Tabea Bauman, David R Kolar, Christoph U Correll, Verena Haas, Ulrich Voderholzer","doi":"10.1055/a-2436-9552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2436-9552","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The impact of antipsychotic use on weight gain and eating disorder-related psychopathology in adult inpatients with anorexia nervosa (AN) is unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Consecutively hospitalized adults with AN were retrospectively analyzed. Co-primary outcomes were body mass index (BMI) and weekly weight change. Secondary outcomes were Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2) subscale scores 'drive for thinness' and 'body dissatisfaction'. Admission-to-discharge changes were compared in patients continuing pre-admission antipsychotics (APcont), starting antipsychotics (APnew) and patients without psychopharmacotherapy (noMed) using linear mixed models. Sensitivity analyses were conducted in subgroups matched for age, length of stay, baseline BMI and baseline EDI-2 scores. Subgroups were also compared regarding BMI trajectories, using non-linear growth curve models. Within-group analyses compared weight gain before vs. after the median antipsychotic onset week.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 775 adult inpatients (mean length of stay =103.5±48.0 days), 21.7% received antipsychotics (APcont =7.7%; APnew=13.9%), i. e., olanzapine (n=127, dose =5.5±3.1 mg/day) or quetiapine (n=41, dose=100.0±97.7 mg/day), while 78.3% did not receive any medication. Comparing all three groups, a significant time×group interaction was found for noMed and APnew vs. APcont (<i>p</i>=0.011), but this effect disappeared when comparing matched subgroups. However, in matched subgroups (n=54 each) APnew showed steeper weight gain vs. APcont both overall (<i>p</i>=0.011) and after median antipsychotic initiation (5.8±5.0 weeks) (<i>p</i>≤0.001). No significant group differences emerged in EDI-2 subscale scores.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>In this naturalistic study, 22% of adult inpatients received antipsychotics. However, neither weight gain nor AN-related psychopathology changed differently in patients treated with vs. without antipsychotics. Newly initiated antipsychotic treatment vs. continuation from pre-admission had better weight gain outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19783,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacopsychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142676418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Treatment-Resistance in First Episode Psychosis.","authors":"Piyumi Fernando, Johanna Strauss, Elias Wagner, Lisa Löhrs, Mattia Campana, Peter Falkai, Alkomiet Hasan, Irina Papazova","doi":"10.1055/a-2421-2411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2421-2411","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Approximately 30% of individuals with schizophrenia experience treatment resistance (TR), with 70% exhibiting it from the onset. Most research fails to distinguish between acquired and innate resistance, with limited data on TR in first episode psychosis (FEP). However, FEP patients with TR experience progressively worse outcomes compared to those with initial response. To further understand these findings, clinical and demographic data of FEP patients with and without TR were compared in this naturalistic study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Information was extracted on FEP patients who were antipsychotic-naive at the time of admission from a retrospective database on F2x diagnosed patients admitted to the LMU psychiatric clinic between 2008 and 2018. Clozapine was used at discharge as a marker of TR in the FEP cohort. A similarly antipsychotic-naïve FEP control group without clozapine at discharge, was generated by matching for gender and age. Thirty clinical and demographic variables were analyzed to identify differences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two-hundred forty antipsychotic-naive FEPs were included: 33 with clozapine at discharge (TRC group), and 207 in the control group (non-TRC). Significant differences were observed in inpatient stay duration, chlorpromazine-equivalent dosage, number of antipsychotics, and anticholinergic medication at discharge.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The findings indicate that longer inpatient stay, an increased number of antipsychotics, and possibly a more extended prodrome may serve as markers for non-clozapine TR in FEP. Further research is necessary to establish the robustness of these variables as early-stage TR markers.</p>","PeriodicalId":19783,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacopsychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142638766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activation of Hippocampal Neuronal NADPH Oxidase NOX2 Promotes Depressive-Like Behaviour and Cognition Deficits in Chronic Restraint Stress Mouse Model.","authors":"Zejie Zuo, Hongyang Zhang, Zhihui Li, Fangfang Qi, Haojie Hu, Junhua Yang, Zhibin Yao","doi":"10.1055/a-2429-4023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2429-4023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases (NOX) play important roles in mediating stress-induced depression. Three NOX isotypes are expressed mainly in the brain: NOX2, NOX3 and NOX4. In this study, the expression and cellular sources of these NOX isoforms was investigated in the context of stress-induced depression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Chronic restraint stress (CRS)-induced depressive-like behaviour and cognitive deficits were evaluated by tail suspension tests, forced swimming tests and the Morris water maze test. Hippocampal NOX expression was determined by immunofluorescence staining and western blotting. The hippocampal levels of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA were determined via quantitative real-time -polymerase chain reaction. Glucocorticoid levels in the hippocampus were measured using ELISA kits.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the mouse CRS model, a significant increase in NOX2 expression was observed in the hippocampus, whereas no significant changes in NOX3 and NOX4 expression were detected. Next, NOX2 expression was primarily localised to neurons (NeuN⁺) but not microglia (Iba-1⁺) or astrocytes (GFAP⁺). Treatment with gp91ds-tat, a specific NOX2 inhibitor, effectively mitigated the behavioural deficits induced by CRS. The decreased expression of the BDNF mRNA in the hippocampus of CRS mice was restored upon gp91ds-tat treatment. A positive correlation was identified between neuronal NOX2 expression and serum glucocorticoid levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study indicated that neuronal NOX2 may be a critical mediator of depression-like behaviours and spatial cognitive deficits in mice subjected to CRS. Blockade of NOX2 signalling may be a promising therapeutic strategy for depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":19783,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacopsychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142638740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies and Management for Psychiatric Drug Withdrawal: A Systematic Review of Case Reports and Series.","authors":"Jaqueline K Eserian, Vinícius P Blanco, Lucildes P Mercuri, Jivaldo R Matos, Eugênia A Kalleian, José C F Galduróz","doi":"10.1055/a-2443-1189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2443-1189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, an increasing number of case reports on psychiatric drug withdrawal have emerged, offering detailed clinical insights and valuable real-world evidence on the withdrawal process. The objective of this review was to evaluate the strategies and management for withdrawing psychiatric drugs, as detailed in case reports and series. A systematic review of case reports and series published between 2013 and 2023 was conducted to capture the latest trends in psychiatric drug withdrawal. Cases were identified following the PRISMA guidelines by searching electronic databases Medline and Scopus. Finally, 47 case reports and series were included. The primary reason for drug withdrawal was attributed to the emergence of adverse events, followed by medication dependence or abuse, and clinical decision-making or symptom resolution. Gradual reduction of doses was implemented through various management approaches as the primary strategy for drug withdrawal, and drug substitution emerged as the second most employed strategy. Also, patients were mostly undergoing polypharmacy. Favorable treatment outcomes were reported in the majority of cases, suggesting that psychiatric drug withdrawal is feasible - though quite challenging in some situations. However, the remarkably low number of unsuccessful cases may create a misleading impression of the significant difficulty associated with withdrawing psychiatric drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19783,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacopsychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142625736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2001-2021 Comparative Persistence of Oral Antipsychotics in Patients Initiating Treatment: Superiority of Clozapine in Time-to-Treatment Discontinuation.","authors":"Alberto Parabiaghi, Alessia A Galbussera, Barbara D'Avanzo, Mauro Tettamanti, Ida Fortino, Angelo Barbato","doi":"10.1055/a-2437-4366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2437-4366","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Continuous antipsychotic (AP) therapy is crucial for managing psychotic disorders, and its early interruption reflects the drug's failure. Real-world epidemiological research is essential for confirming experimental data and generating new research hypotheses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The persistence of oral APs in a large population sample from 2000 to 2021 was analyzed by comparing AP prescriptions over this period across four Italian provinces, using dispensing data linked via a record-linkage procedure among regional healthcare utilization databases. We calculated personalized daily dosages and assessed time-to-treatment discontinuation over a 3-month period for patients initiating AP treatment. Treatment persistence was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression, with adjustments for age and sex.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) were favored over first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs), with olanzapine as the most prescribed. Within the study time frame, 42,434 individuals were prescribed a new continuous AP regimen. The analysis revealed 24 significant differences within 28 comparisons. As a class, SGAs demonstrated better treatment persistence than FGAs (HR: 0.76; 95%CI: 0.73, 0.79). Clozapine stood out for its superior persistence, surpassing all other SGAs, notably olanzapine (HR: 0.85; 95%CI: 0.79-0.91) and risperidone (HR: 0.80; 95%CI: 0.74-0.87). Olanzapine and aripiprazole showed better results than both risperidone and quetiapine. Quetiapine showed inferior 3-month persistence in all pairwise comparisons.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study results provide insight into the performance dynamics among SGAs: clozapine, despite being one of the less frequently dispensed APs in our sample, emerged as a significant prescription choice. The significance of pharmacoepidemiological studies in complementing experimental findings is also underscored.</p>","PeriodicalId":19783,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacopsychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142625734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precision Psychiatry Approach to Treat Depression and Anxiety Targeting the Stress Hormone System - V1b-antagonists as a Case in Point.","authors":"Florian Holsboer, Marcus Ising","doi":"10.1055/a-2372-3549","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2372-3549","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The future of depression pharmacotherapy lies in a precision medicine approach that recognizes that depression is a disease where different causalities drive symptoms. That approach calls for a departure from current diagnostic categories, which are broad enough to allow adherence to the \"one-size-fits-all\" paradigm, which is complementary to the routine use of \"broad-spectrum\" mono-amine antidepressants. Similar to oncology, narrowing the overinclusive diagnostic window by implementing laboratory tests, which guide specifically targeted treatments, will be a major step forward in overcoming the present drug discovery crisis.A substantial subgroup of patients presents with signs and symptoms of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) overactivity. Therefore, this stress hormone system was considered to offer worthwhile targets. Some promising results emerged, but in sum, the results achieved by targeting corticosteroid receptors were mixed.More specific are non-peptidergic drugs that block stress-responsive neuropeptides, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), and arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the brain by antagonizing their cognate CRHR1-and V1b-receptors. If a patient's depressive symptomatology is driven by overactive V1b-signaling then a V1b-receptor antagonist should be first-line treatment. To identify the patient having this V1b-receptor overactivity, a neuroendocrine test, the so-called dex/CRH-test, was developed, which indicates central AVP release but is too complicated to be routinely used. Therefore, this test was transformed into a gene-based \"near-patient\" test that allows immediate identification if a depressed patient's symptomatology is driven by overactive V1b-receptor signaling. We believe that this precision medicine approach will be the next major innovation in the pharmacotherapy of depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":19783,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacopsychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"263-274"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142004968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electroconvulsive Therapy Versus Aripiprazole Addition to Clozapine in Patients with Clozapine-Resistant Symptoms (EMECLO): A Protocol of a Single-Blind, Multicenter, Randomized-Controlled Feasibility Trial.","authors":"Manouk den Toom, Laura Blanken, Inge Horn, Selene Veerman, Joris J B van der Vlugt-Molenaar, Mariken B de Koning, Jan Bogers, John Enterman, Martin de Jonge, Daniela Cianci, Gerardus W J Frederix, Hans J de Haas, Bram W Storosum, Mike Veereschild, Martin Javadzadeh, Peter F J Schulte, Dan Cohen, Jim van Os, Wiepke Cahn, Lieuwe de Haan, Jasper B Zantvoord, Jurjen J Luykx","doi":"10.1055/a-2364-4357","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2364-4357","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Currently, guidance on the most effective treatment for patients with clozapine-resistant schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SSD) is lacking. While augmentation strategies to clozapine with aripiprazole and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) have been demonstrated to be effective in patients with clozapine-resistant schizophrenia spectrum disorders (CRS), head-to-head comparisons between these addition strategies are unavailable. We therefore aim to examine the feasibility of a larger randomized, single-blind trial comparing the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and safety of aripiprazole addition vs. ECT addition in CRS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this multi-center, randomized, single-blind feasibility study, the feasibility of recruiting 20 participants with CRS who will be randomized to either aripiprazole or bilateral ECT addition will be assessed. The main endpoint is the number of patients willing to be randomized. The number of screened individuals and reasons to decline participation will be recorded. Effects will be estimated for the benefit of the foreseen larger trial. To that end, differences between both arms in symptom severity will be assessed using blinded video assessments. In addition, tolerability (e. g., cognitive functioning), safety, quality of life, recovery, and all-cause discontinuation will be compared. The follow-up period is 16 weeks, after which non-responders will be given the option to switch to the other treatment.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Strengths of this feasibility trial include maintaining blinding with video assessment, a possibility to switch groups in case of non-response, and a broad set of outcome measures. Identification of factors contributing to non-participation and drop-out will generate valuable information on trial feasibility and may enhance recruitment strategies in a follow-up RCT.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The study has been approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee of the Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, and was registered on 1 May 2022 in the EU Clinical Trials Register (EudraCT) under the trial name 'EMECLO' (2021-006333-19).</p>","PeriodicalId":19783,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacopsychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"290-295"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142073462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Study Between DRD2, DRD3 Genetic Polymorphisms and Adverse Reactions in Chinese Patients on Amisulpride Treatment.","authors":"Kankan Qu, Yanan He, Zhongdong Zhang, Yeli Cao, Qiyun Qin, Zhenhe Zhou, Lili Zhen","doi":"10.1055/a-2375-3859","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2375-3859","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine if the cardiac function and \"endocrinium\" of Chinese patients are associated with dopamine D₂ (<i>DRD2</i>) (<i>rs6276</i>) and <i>DRD3</i> (<i>rs6280, rs963468</i>) genetic polymorphisms when treated with amisulpride.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study enrolled 148 patients with schizophrenia who took amisulpride orally for 8 weeks. <i>DRD2 (rs6276)</i> and <i>DRD3 (rs6280, rs963468)</i> genetic polymorphisms were detected with TaqMan-MGB allelic discrimination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis by multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA) showed that after adjusting for age, gender, and the baseline level, the increase in the level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatine kinase (CK) in the <i>rs6276</i> AG group was higher than that in the AA and GG groups. Similarly, the changed estradiol (E₂) level in <i>rs6276</i> GG and <i>rs963468</i> GG groups was higher than that in the other two groups. Adjusting for covariates, the increased triglyceride (TG) level in <i>rs6276</i> GG and <i>rs963468</i> GG groups was the highest among their different genotype groups. The increase in the level of \"AST\" in the <i>rs6280</i> TT group was higher than that in the CC and CT groups upon adjusting for covariates. Similarly, MANCOVA showed that the increase in the level of \"CK\" in the <i>rs6280</i> CT group was higher than that in the CC and CT groups. Besides, the increased level of \"PRL\" in the <i>rs6280</i> CC group and <i>rs963468</i> GG group was higher than that in their other two genotypes groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>DRD2</i> (<i>rs6276</i>) and <i>DRD3</i> (<i>rs6280, rs963468</i>) polymorphisms can affect amisulpride tolerability since they are associated with the observed adverse reactions, including cardiac dysfunction and endocrine disorders in Chinese patients with schizophrenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":19783,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacopsychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"283-289"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142073461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Electroconvulsive Therapy Versus Aripiprazole Addition to Clozapine in Patients with Clozapine-Resistant Symptoms (EMECLO): A Protocol of a Single-Blind, Multicenter, Randomized-Controlled Feasibility Trial.","authors":"Manouk den Toom, Laura Blanken, Inge Horn, Selene Veerman, Joris J B van der Vlugt-Molenaar, Mariken B de Koning, Jan Bogers, John Enterman, Martin de Jonge, Daniela Cianci, Gerardus W J Frederix, Hans J de Haas, Bram W Storosum, Mike Veereschild, Martin Javadzadeh, Peter F J Schulte, Dan Cohen, Jim van Os, Wiepke Cahn, Lieuwe de Haan, Jasper B Zantvoord, Jurjen J Luykx","doi":"10.1055/a-2406-6396","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2406-6396","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19783,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacopsychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"e1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142146025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Trajectory of Long-Term Antipsychotic Medication Dosage in Inpatients with Severe Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Teruo Tada, Takefumi Suzuki, Yusuke Iwata, Masaharu Kubota, Koichiro Watanabe, Hitoshi Sakurai","doi":"10.1055/a-2336-3317","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2336-3317","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>While antipsychotics are often prescribed for behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), typically on an off-label basis, these medications have serious adverse effects. This study investigated the long-term use of antipsychotics among inpatients with dementia displaying severe BPSD, focusing on how prescriptions change over time.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical charts at Kusakabe Memorial Hospital were retrospectively reviewed from October 2012 to September 2021. The study included patients diagnosed with dementia, admitted for BPSD, and were continuing antipsychotics at 3 months of their admission. Antipsychotic dosages were categorized as high (≥300 mg/d), medium (100-300 mg/d), and low (<100 mg/d) based on chlorpromazine equivalents and tracked until 15 months during hospitalization. Binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with dosage reductions between months 3 and 6.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study involved 188 patients, with an average age of 81.2 years, 67% of whom were diagnosed with Alzheimer&apos;s dementia. At 3 months, 15.4% were taking high, 44.1% on medium, and 40.4% on low dosages of antipsychotics. The highest average dosage was observed at 3 months, with a subsequent decrease over time. By the 12th month, 20-30% of patients in all dosage categories had stopped their antipsychotic medication. Significant factors for dosage reduction included higher initial doses (OR 1.003, 95%Cl: 1.001-1.006, P=0.01) and male gender (OR 2.481, 95%Cl: 1.251-4.918, P=0.009).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>A trajectory of antipsychotic dosage in inpatients with severe BPSD has rarely been reported. This research emphasizes the need for personalized strategies in managing long-term pharmacotherapy for this vulnerable group of patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19783,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacopsychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"275-282"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141451120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}