Pharmaceutical Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Considerations for Planning Effective and Appealing Advisory Boards and Other Small-Group Meetings with Health Care Providers: Importance of Participant Preferences.","authors":"Cecilia Petrus, Holly Lam","doi":"10.1007/s40290-024-00531-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40290-024-00531-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To optimize cost effectiveness, engagement, reach, inclusivity, insight quality and quantity, and participant satisfaction of pharmaceutical meetings such as advisory boards, the organizers have to carefully weigh the pros and cons of the available meeting formats (in-person, synchronous virtual, asynchronous, hybrid). While budgets and organizer preferences are typically key considerations, participants' preferences are rarely factored into this decision. Hence, the objectives of this study were to gain a better understanding of participants' preferences for meeting format, frequency, and updates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between September 1, 2022, and December 31, 2023, health care providers (HCPs) participating in asynchronous advisory board touchpoints on a proprietary virtual platform were asked to answer between 1-4 survey questions, selected at the pharmaceutical organizers' discretion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 443 HCPs answered the survey. Among respondents, 76.0% preferred meetings with a virtual component. Overall, the most popular meeting approach was a combination of synchronous and asynchronous virtual meetings over time (34.6%). The preference for hybrid meetings increased from 14.3 to 27.3% between 2022 and 2023. The preferred meeting frequency was 2-3 times a year (39.2%), followed by quarterly (33.2%). According to the respondents, the most important benefits of virtual over in-person meetings include: (i) superior convenience and flexibility (81.0%), (ii) avoidance of time off work and away from patients (62.3%), (iii) the low environmental impact and carbon footprint (32.5%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although these findings are preliminary and from a small dataset, they highlight the importance of customizing each pharmaceutical meeting or program with the target audience in mind.</p>","PeriodicalId":19778,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"311-320"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11272813/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141469983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Can General Managers Best Leverage Medical Affairs Now and in the Future?","authors":"Jon Zdon, Greta-James Chatgilaou, David Henderson, Matthew Britland, Sarah Tregenza, Nathalie McNeil, Dirk Otto, Josie Downey","doi":"10.1007/s40290-024-00528-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40290-024-00528-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>General managers (GMs) play a crucial role as enterprise leaders of the country affiliate of multi-national pharmaceutical companies, balancing needs, objectives and governance across all local functions. One such function, Medical Affairs, has undergone a significant evolution from a support function into a strategic partner and in some organizations a strategic leader supported by the increasing complexity of medications and a shift to more specialized medicines. Although the function has progressed significantly, there is opportunity to elevate Medical Affairs to another level, with GMs and business unit directors (BUDs) recommending increased business acumen, strategic approach, innovation and project management as competencies that could be further cultivated. Examining the current trends in the industry, including the increasing complexity of innovative medicines and patient journeys, a higher burden of evidence for the reimbursement of medicines, innovative data generation opportunities, the changing stakeholder engagement expectations and the focus on corporate reputation, Medical Affairs is positioned as a key to assist in navigating the organization through these complexities. The GM can help to foster the evolving role of Medical Affairs, encouraging lateral moves for broader enterprise mindset, imparting a culture of shared governance responsibilities across functions to encourage innovative thinking and nurture upcoming leaders by investing in training to take advantage of the above trends and deliver best patient and organizational outcomes now and in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":19778,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"277-290"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11272686/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141603926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring and Understanding Market Exclusivity Length for New Prescription Drugs in France, Australia, and the USA.","authors":"Victor L Van de Wiele, Aaron S Kesselheim, Deborah Gleeson, Zhigang Lu, Sean S Tu, Benjamin N Rome","doi":"10.1007/s40290-024-00527-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40290-024-00527-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Originator drug manufacturers use several strategies to delay generic competition in the USA, but it remains unclear whether this results in longer market exclusivity compared to other countries.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We sought to understand how drug market exclusivity lengths vary between the USA and two comparable countries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We focused on drugs approved within 2 years of each other in the USA, France, and Australia from 1995 to 2005, and we compared the lengths of exclusivity from marketing approval through first generic competition or June 2023 using Kaplan-Meier analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 165 drugs in common between the USA and France, the median length of exclusivity was slightly longer in France (15.0 years, interquartile range [IQR]: 13.0-19.6) than the USA (14.5 years, IQR: 11.7-17.6). Among 100 drugs in common between the USA and Australia, the median length of exclusivity was longer in Australia (16.3 years, IQR: 13.9-22.4) than in the USA (14.4 years, IQR: 12.0-17.1).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Market exclusivity lengths in the USA are not longer than in France and Australia. Potential reasons include the larger US market and incentives that offer transient high generic drug prices in the USA for manufacturers that successfully challenge originator market exclusivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19778,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"303-310"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141603927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statistical Signal Detection Algorithm in Safety Data: A Proprietary Method Compared to Industry Standard Methods.","authors":"Eugenia Bastos, Jeff K Allen, Jeff Philip","doi":"10.1007/s40290-024-00530-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40290-024-00530-1","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Several quantitative methods have been established, in pharmacovigilance, to detect signals of disproportionate reporting (SDRs) from databases containing reports of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The signal detection algorithms (SDAs) and the source of the reporting per product vary, but it is unclear whether any algorithm can provide satisfactory performance using data with such large variance factors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;Determine the appropriate SDA for Biogen's internal Global Safety Database (GSD) given the characteristics of the database including frequencies of events, data skewness, outliers, and missing information. Compare performance of standard approaches (EBGM, EB05, PRR, and ROR), well accepted by industry, to a Biogen-developed Machine Learning (ML) Regression Decision Tree (RDT) model, across several Biogen products, to determine a champion SDA.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;All data associated with seven marketed Biogen products were chosen and a historical subset of reported ADRs were considered. Six SDAs (five common industry disproportionality methods) and RDT were evaluated. The SDRs were calculated on training and test data composed of quarterly reporting intervals from 2004-2019. The performance measures used were sensitivity, precision, time to detect new events, and frequency of detected cases for each algorithm for each product. Outcomes in the test data are known a priori and easily compared to predicted outcomes. Validation was performed via rates of misclassification. This work solely represents Biogen's internal information, intentionally chosen to serve the performance review of its signal detection systems, and results will not necessarily be generalizable to other external sources.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Several algorithms performed differently among products, but no one method dominated any other. Performance was dependent on the thresholds used to define a signal according to different criteria. However, those different statistics subtly influenced the achievable performance. The relative performance of RDT and Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) algorithms were superior and paired across products. A reduction in precision for all methods spanning the products was present. Hence, companies evaluating signal detection approaches, search for innovative methods to minimize this effect.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;In designing signal detection systems, careful consideration should be given to the criteria that are used to define SDRs. The choice of disproportionality statistics does not affect the achievable range of signal detection performance. These choices should consider mainly ease of implementation and interpretation. The implementation of a method is specific to its accuracy. The RDT attempted to take advantage of known methods and compare results on a per-product basis. Many factors influencing ADRs may improve RDT in","PeriodicalId":19778,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"321-329"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141603928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increasing Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Accessibility in Rare Disease Clinical Trials.","authors":"Gareth Baynam, Simeón Baker, Charles Steward, Marshall Summar, Meghan Halley, Anne Pariser","doi":"10.1007/s40290-024-00529-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40290-024-00529-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility (DEIA) are foundational principles for clinical trials and medical research. In rare diseases clinical research, where numbers of participants are already challenged by rarity itself, maximizing inclusion is of particular importance to clinical trial success, as well as ensuring the generalizability and relevance of the trial results to the people affected by these diseases. In this article, we review the medical and gray literature and cite case examples to provide insights into how DEIA can be proactively integrated into rare diseases clinical research. Here, we particularly focus on genetic diversity. While the rare diseases DEIA literature is nascent, it is accelerating as many patient advocacy groups, professional societies, training and educational organizations, researcher groups, and funders are setting intentional strategies to attain DEIA goals moving forward, and to establish metrics to ensure continued improvement. Successful examples in underserved and underrepresented populations are available that can serve as case studies upon which rare diseases clinical research programs can be built. Rare diseases have historically been innovation drivers in basic, translational, and clinical research, and ultimately, all populations benefit from data diversity in rare diseases populations that deliver novel insights and approaches to how clinical research can be performed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19778,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"261-276"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141559458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endpoints for Pharmacotherapy Trials for Alcohol Use Disorder.","authors":"Malia A Belnap, Kaitlin R McManus, Erica N Grodin, Lara A Ray","doi":"10.1007/s40290-024-00526-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40290-024-00526-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a debilitating disorder, yet currently approved pharmacotherapies to treat AUD are under-utilized. The three medications approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the indication of AUD are disulfiram, acamprosate, and naltrexone. The current landscape of pharmacotherapies for AUD suggests opportunities for improvement. Clinical trials investigating novel pharmacotherapies for AUD traditionally use abstinence-based drinking outcomes or no heavy drinking days as trial endpoints to determine the efficacy of pharmacotherapies. These outcomes are typically measured through patient self-report endorsements of their drinking. Apart from these traditional outcomes, there have been recent developments in novel endpoints for AUD pharmacotherapies. These novel endpoints include utilizing the World Health Organization (WHO) risk drinking level reductions to promote a harm-reduction endpoint rather than an abstinence-based endpoint. Additionally, in contrast to patient self-report measurements, biological markers of alcohol use may serve as objective endpoints in AUD pharmacotherapy trials. Lastly, the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) definition of recovery from AUD and patient-oriented outcomes offer new frameworks to consider endpoints associated with more than alcohol consumption itself, such as the provider-patient experiences with novel pharmacotherapies. These recent developments in new endpoints for AUD pharmacotherapies offer promising future opportunities for pharmacotherapy development, so long as validity and reliability measures are demonstrated for the endpoints. A greater breadth of endpoint utilization may better capture the complexity of AUD symptomatology.</p>","PeriodicalId":19778,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"291-302"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11272707/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141535055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey of Data Package and Sample Size of Comparative Clinical Studies for Biosimilar Developments from PMDA Assessments.","authors":"Ryosuke Kuribayashi, Aya Hariu, Ayuki Nakano, Yasuhiro Kishioka","doi":"10.1007/s40290-024-00525-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40290-024-00525-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Japanese biosimilar guideline requires that the sponsors conduct clinical studies such as comparative pharmacokinetic (PK), pharmacodynamic (PD), or efficacy studies. In each biosimilar development, the sponsors consider the clinical data package, and thus clinical data packages vary among biosimilar developments.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to elucidate the clinical data packages for the biosimilars approved in Japan. The details of clinical data packages and sample size for the regulatory approvals of biosimilars in Japan was reported.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We surveyed the clinical data packages and sample size based on the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) website review reports between 2009 and 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-four biosimilars have been approved based on the comparative PK and efficacy studies, 10 biosimilars have been approved based on the comparative PK/PD study, and one biosimilar has been approved based on the comparative efficacy study. Regarding the sample size, comparative PK studies were conducted in healthy volunteers or patients for up to 300 cases, although the majority enrolled only 1-100 cases (68.1%, 32/47). Comparative PD studies enrolling 1-30, 31-60, and 61-90 cases totaled 4, 7, and 4 cases, respectively. Finally, comparative efficacy studies enrolling 1-300, 301-600, and 601-900 totaled 6, 10, and 11 cases, respectively. In particular, the oncology and rheumatology areas were the first and second disease areas recruiting 601-900 patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Large numbers of patients were enrolled to conduct a comparative efficacy study. Efficient biosimilar development should be considered on the basis of the accumulation of scientific understanding of comparable features of biosimilars and their development.</p>","PeriodicalId":19778,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"225-239"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140857405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Sponsor's Perspective on the Contribution of Regulatory-Required Observational Post-Marketing Studies to Understanding Human Drug Product Benefit/Risk in Japan.","authors":"Kevin D Wolter, Asayuki Kamatani, Yumiko Suzuki, Takayuki Imaeda, Ramzi Dagher, Allan Safferman, Rod Junor","doi":"10.1007/s40290-024-00521-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40290-024-00521-2","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Following marketing authorization in Japan, for almost all new drugs or new indications, postmarketing studies (PMS) are a regulatory requirement. These PMS focus on accrual of a defined number of cases with data being collected for a predetermined period after approval to confirm efficacy/effectiveness, safety, and quality in the Japanese population. In contrast to other regions where PMS are only required to address a specific scientific uncertainty, in Japan, PMS are often required regardless of any specific scientific uncertainty, and therefore, their scientific value is unclear.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;To determine the contribution to the understanding of benefit/risk of PMS conducted by Pfizer in Japan over 2000-2020 for Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) reexamination.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A retrospective analysis of all Pfizer Japan postmarketing studies (PMS) during 2000-2020 was performed. Available Pfizer clinical study reports (CSRs) and PMDA reexamination reports (RERs) were reviewed for key safety findings. The primary analysis was conducted on the subset of PMS that had both an English CSR and a discussion of that PMS in the relevant RER issued by the PMDA, which was subsequently translated into English by a professional translation vendor. Reexamination outcome is included in each RER and served to demonstrate the impact of the study of the benefit/risk profile of the drug.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 79 PMS for 43 different drug products across therapy areas enrolled a total of 98,035 patients. The 79 PMS comprised 34 general drug use investigation (GDUI) studies and 45 special investigation (SI) studies. The primary analysis involved 37 PMS with a CSR and RER available in English (40,470 patients); all of which were observational in design. For 31 of 37 PMS, the RER concluded the overall adverse drug reaction (ADR) rate in the PMS was nominally lower than in the phase 3 program. Unlabeled ADRs were reported in 28 of 37 PMS; however, no new safety concerns requiring regulatory action arose from any PMS. The PMDA did not require additional risk minimization measures for any of the 43 drug products studied in any of the 79 PMS assessed. Japan PMS data were consistent with prior global data with no evidence of clinically meaningful differences in safety in Japanese patients. In all cases, the reexamination outcome was category 1 (\"usefulness is confirmed\").&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;The reexamination process did not result in regulatory changes for any of the examined drugs. The Japan new-drug application (J-NDA) review and approval process, including implementation of the initial Japan product label, assures acceptable benefit/risk at the time of approval such that mandatory GDUI or SI studies for all products should be reconsidered. In the case of genuine scientific uncertainty to the extent that the benefit/risk of the product is not cle","PeriodicalId":19778,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"217-224"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11101524/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140330051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey on the Situation of Medical Departments in the Pharmaceutical Industry in Spain.","authors":"Isabel Sanchez-Magro, Susana Gomez-Lus, Javier Martínez-González, Jorge Andrés Muñoz-Robles, Yolanda Riesgo, Beatriz Perez, Carlos Hagen, Pablo Viguera","doi":"10.1007/s40290-024-00517-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40290-024-00517-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Medical departments have evolved from a position of support to one of strategic leadership. The number of tasks and the complexity of interactions in which they are involved is increasing. However, the spectrum of their activity in the sector differs significantly from one company to another. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe their situation within the pharmaceutical industry, analyzing the positions, functions, and profiles of their professionals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study consisted of an online survey containing 25 questions grouped into four blocks (structure, medical direction, training, and activities and responsibilities). Medical departments in the Spanish pharmaceutical industry of different sizes and scope were invited to participate. The survey took place in 2021, with a designated response period of three months. It is important to note that all responses collected during this time were treated as anonymous.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty companies participated. A total of 93.3% of respondents worked for an international laboratory, with a size of 0-5 or 11-20 people (20.7%). For 27.6% of the companies, the number of medical advisors per medical department was 1 or 4, with varying numbers of medical scientific liaisons (1, 6-10, and > 20). A total of 56.7%, 33.3%, and 6.7% indicated that the country manager, head of regional medical affairs, and head of global medical affairs, respectively, had a solid-line reporting relationship with the medical directorate. Medical directors were mostly graduates in medicine (86.2%) with a doctorate (34.5%), and medical managers were mainly graduates in medicine (77.8%) and pharmacy (66.7%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study reveals that respondents predominantly work in internationally focused laboratories, with professionals ranging from experienced medical directors to managers with 6-20 years of experience, each with distinct roles.</p>","PeriodicalId":19778,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"241-250"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11101374/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140185155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conducting Drug Treatment Trials in Children: Opportunities and Challenges.","authors":"Damir Erceg, Marina Jakirović, Luka Prgomet, Marina Madunić, Mirjana Turkalj","doi":"10.1007/s40290-024-00523-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40290-024-00523-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Children were often referred to as \"therapeutic orphans\" in the past due to different reasons such as ethical, regulatory, economic, scientific, etc., ones. They were exposed to avoidable risks while missing out on therapeutic advances. Pediatric patients have suffered from a lack of scientific and regulatory standards (e.g., proper drug testing, authorization of medicines for their use, etc.), although the pharmaceutical legislative framework, which ensures the high standards of safety, quality, and efficacy of medicinal products for use in adults, was developed primarily in response to past \"drug disasters,\" mainly involving children. The adoption of pediatric regulatory initiatives first in the USA and then in Europe and other countries and regions has significantly changed the worldwide frameworks and permanently changed pediatric drug research and development. This article tries to give various perspectives with historical context, a review of the different challenges and opportunities as well as important stakeholders in pediatric drug development. The pediatric trial networks are probably the most important stakeholder that enables efficient patient recruitment, access to better resource utilization, and global collaboration of different stakeholders necessary for performing quality and well-designed clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":19778,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"179-204"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140904882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}