Pharmaceutical Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Addressing Challenges in Antibiotic Access: Barriers, Implications and Strategies for Solution.","authors":"Ritika Kondel Bhandari, Avaneesh Kumar Pandey, Samir Malhotra, Ashish Kumar Kakkar, Sanjeev Singh, Jennifer Cohn, Alison Holmes, Esmita Charani, Nusrat Shafiq","doi":"10.1007/s40290-024-00538-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40290-024-00538-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant threat to global public health, disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). While excessive antibiotic use is often discussed, the issue of access to antibiotics demands attention. This viewpoint explores the multidimensional nature of the issue of access to antibiotics. We have examined the issue through the lens of social, economic, healthcare structures, manufacturing and supply chain, policy and practices. Inter-relatedness of these issues has also been explored. The review further discusses potential solutions involving but not limited to increased awareness, improvement in healthcare infrastructure, models for sustained manufacturing and supply chains. Additionally, enhancing antimicrobial stewardship at hospital and community levels, empowering healthcare professionals, and emphasizing infection prevention are crucial. Global initiatives that aim to address access challenges, emphasizing collaboration and innovation are important to foster for a sustained response to the issue of antibiotic access.</p>","PeriodicalId":19778,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142471877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems: Different Generations and Dermatokinetic Assessment of Drug Concentration in Skin.","authors":"Rahul Kushwaha, Narahari N Palei","doi":"10.1007/s40290-024-00537-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40290-024-00537-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) are a highly appealing and innovative method of administering drugs through the skin, as it enables the drugs to achieve systemic effects. A TDDS offers patient convenience, avoids first-pass hepatic metabolism, enables local targeting, and reduces the toxic effect of drug. This review details several generations of TDDS and the advancements made in their development to address the constraints associated with skin delivery systems. Transdermal delivery methods of the first generation have been consistently growing in their clinical application for administering small, lipophilic, low-dose drugs. Second-generation TDDS, utilizing chemical enhancers and iontophoresis, have led to the development of clinical products. Third-generation delivery systems employ microneedles, thermal ablation, and electroporation to specifically target the stratum corneum, which is the skin's barrier layer. Dermatokinetics is the study of the movement of drugs and formulations applied to the skin over a period of time. It provides important information regarding the rate and extent to which drugs penetrate skin layers. Several dermatokinetic techniques, including tape stripping, microdialysis, and laser scanning microscopy, have been used to study the intricate barrier properties and clearance mechanisms of the skin. This understanding is essential for developing and improving effective TDDS.</p>","PeriodicalId":19778,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142471879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Pharmaceutical Year that was, 2024.","authors":"Anthony W Fox","doi":"10.1007/s40290-024-00540-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40290-024-00540-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19778,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142471878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultivating Excellence: Future-Proofing Medical Affairs with Tailored Talent Programs.","authors":"Florian Reis, Neda Rajaeean, Reyhan Rose Divarci, Veit Sollacher, Elke Dworatzek, Daniela Fliegner, Hagen Krüger, Christian Lenz, Clara Craesmeyer","doi":"10.1007/s40290-024-00532-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40290-024-00532-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In today's rapidly growing healthcare landscape, the role of Medical Affairs within pharmaceutical companies has transitioned from a traditional support function into a strategic one. Amidst acute challenges such as evolving globalization, digitization, and healthcare trends, effective talent development and professional standards in Medical Affairs emerge as a pivotal cornerstone to future-proof pharmaceutical companies. This article explores strategies, perspectives, and best practices for enhancing talent development with medical or natural sciences background in the field of Medical Affairs. From the historical development of Medical Affairs, we cover current challenges and provide a comprehensive approach to talent development strategies of next-generation talents in Medical Affairs. Drawing upon current literature and personal experiences, we discuss various aspects relevant for designing targeted training programs, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, and enhancing both technical and soft skills essential for success in Medical Affairs roles. Furthermore, we highlight the significance of company-internal rotational programs in exposing talents to different facets of Medical Affairs. We advocate for a flexible and individualized approach to talent development, allowing next-generation talents to pursue personal interests and contribute to innovative projects. Overall, this article offers practical recommendations for pharmaceutical companies aiming to optimize their local talent development initiatives in Medical Affairs and align them with the evolving needs of the healthcare landscape.</p>","PeriodicalId":19778,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141875554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Additional Risk Minimization Measures for Ixazomib Citrate for Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma in Japan: A Web-Based Survey Among Pharmacists.","authors":"Yoshiko Maeda, Akihito Abe, Seigo Seki, Nobuhiro Narii, Yasuhiro Katsura, Yukiko Muramatsu, Motonobu Sakaguchi","doi":"10.1007/s40290-024-00535-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40290-024-00535-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ixazomib citrate (IXA) in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone (IRD therapy) has been approved for the treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. In Japan, as these three drugs have different dosing schedules, dosing instructions for patients have been prepared and distributed to patients via healthcare professionals to promote an understanding of the appropriate dosing regimen, as an additional risk minimization measure (aRMM).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This survey aimed to investigate whether the aRMM material is being utilized for the adequate use of IXA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A web-based questionnaire survey was conducted among in-hospital pharmacists in Japan who instructed patients on IXA dosing for IRD therapy. The primary endpoint was the proportion of pharmacists who provided patients with the contents of the aRMM material (i.e., how to take IXA). The secondary endpoints were the proportion of pharmacists who had obtained the aRMM material and the proportion of pharmacists who understood the importance of explaining how to take IXA to patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 330 pharmacists who completed the questionnaire, 93.0% answered that they had explained how to take IXA to patients. Of those who answered that they had explained how to take IXA, 33.2% responded that they had experience in using the aRMM material. In addition, 37.6% of the pharmacists answered that they had obtained the aRMM material. Moreover, 95.8% stated that they knew how to take IXA, and 90.3, 9.1, 0.3, and 0.3% of pharmacists answered that the importance of explaining how to take IXA was \"very important,\" \"probably important,\" \"less important\" and \"not important,\" respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>How to take IXA was explained to patients by pharmacists and the aRMM material was utilized at the time of the explanation, indicating that the aRMM material contributes to the promotion of the appropriate use of IXA.</p>","PeriodicalId":19778,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11473584/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142018263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence in Medical Affairs: A New Paradigm with Novel Opportunities.","authors":"Emma Fröling, Neda Rajaeean, Klara Sonnie Hinrichsmeyer, Dina Domrös-Zoungrana, Johannes Nico Urban, Christian Lenz","doi":"10.1007/s40290-024-00536-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40290-024-00536-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) revolutionizes the ways of working in many areas of business and life science. In Medical Affairs (MA) departments of the pharmaceutical industry AI holds great potential for positively influencing the medical mission of identifying and addressing unmet medical needs and care gaps, and fostering solutions that improve the egalitarian and unbiased access of patients to treatments worldwide. Given the essential position of MA in corporate interactions with various healthcare stakeholders, AI offers broad possibilities to support strategic decision-making and to pioneer novel approaches in medical stakeholder interactions. By analyzing data derived from the healthcare environment and by streamlining operations in medical content generation, AI advances data-based prioritization and strategy execution. In this review, we discuss promising AI-based solutions in MA that support the effective use of heterogenous information from observations of the healthcare environment, the enhancement of medical education, and the analysis of real-world data. For a successful implementation of such solutions, specific considerations partly unique to healthcare must be taken care of, for example, transparency, data privacy, healthcare regulations, and in predictive applications, explainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":19778,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11473552/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142292831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"P.O.L.A.R. Star: A New Framework Developed and Applied by One Mid-Sized Pharmaceutical Company to Drive Digital Transformation in R&D.","authors":"Riccardo Mariani, Maria Carmela De Vuono, Elena Businaro, Silvia Ivaldi, Tina Dell'Armi, Michele Gallo, Diego Ardigò","doi":"10.1007/s40290-024-00533-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40290-024-00533-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Digital transformation has become a cornerstone of innovation in pharmaceutical research and development (R&D). Pharmaceutical companies now have an imperative to embrace transformation, including mid-sized and small-sized companies despite resource limitations that do not allow economies of scale compared with larger organizations. This article describes the journey undertaken by Chiesi to develop an efficient framework to drive digital transformation along its R&D value chain with the objective of building and refreshing a clear roadmap and relevant priorities, together with identifying and enabling new digital capabilities and skills within R&D, defining tools and processes that will guide Chiesi activities in the space up to mid-long term. This work has led so far to five main achievements, which align with the steps in the framework: a strategically aligned roadmap with key focus areas for digital transformation and a dedicated team to lead the effort; a common language for data across the R&D value chain; an internal mindset that's open to innovation and participation in key external networks and consortia; a set of quick-win use cases for the new framework; and a defined set of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and monitoring tools for digital transformation. The work presented here demonstrates that R&D digital transformation should represent an ongoing process to enable cross-functional collaboration and integration within complex corporate environments that face an ever-growing volume of diverse data, to efficiently support business needs, and to ensure a positive impact on patient care.</p>","PeriodicalId":19778,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11473631/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141907341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated Mass Extraction of Over 680,000 PICOs from Clinical Study Abstracts Using Generative AI: A Proof-of-Concept Study.","authors":"Tim Reason, Julia Langham, Andy Gimblett","doi":"10.1007/s40290-024-00539-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40290-024-00539-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) shows promise in automating key tasks involved in conducting systematic literature reviews (SLRs), including screening, bias assessment and data extraction. This potential automation is increasingly relevant as pharmaceutical developers face challenging requirements for timely and precise SLRs using the population, intervention, comparator and outcome (PICO) framework, such as those under the impending European Union (EU) Health Technology Assessment Regulation 2021/2282 (HTAR). This proof-of-concept study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, accuracy and efficiency of using GenAI for mass extraction of PICOs from PubMed abstracts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Abstracts were retrieved from PubMed using a search string targeting randomised controlled trials. A PubMed clinical study 'specific/narrow' filter was also applied. Retrieved abstracts were processed using the OpenAI Batch application programming interface (API), which allowed parallel processing and interaction with Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 Omni (GPT-4o) via custom Python scripts. PICO elements were extracted using a zero-shot prompting strategy. Results were stored in CSV files and subsequently imported into a PostgreSQL database.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The PubMed search returned 682,667 abstracts. PICOs from all abstracts were extracted in < 3 h, with an average processing time of 200 s per 1000 abstracts. A total of 395,992,770 tokens were processed, with an average of 580 tokens per abstract. The total cost was $3390. On the basis of a random sample of 350 abstracts, human verification confirmed that GPT-4o accurately and comprehensively extracted 342 (98%) of all PICOs, with only outcome elements rarely missed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Using GenAI to extract PICOs from clinical study abstracts could fundamentally transform the way SLRs are conducted. By enabling pharmaceutical developers to anticipate PICO requirements, this approach allows for proactive preparation for the EU HTAR process, or other health technology assessments (HTAs), streamlining efficiency and reducing the burden of meeting these requirements.</p>","PeriodicalId":19778,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11473607/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142351507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Considerations for Planning Effective and Appealing Advisory Boards and Other Small-Group Meetings with Health Care Providers: Importance of Participant Preferences.","authors":"Cecilia Petrus, Holly Lam","doi":"10.1007/s40290-024-00531-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40290-024-00531-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To optimize cost effectiveness, engagement, reach, inclusivity, insight quality and quantity, and participant satisfaction of pharmaceutical meetings such as advisory boards, the organizers have to carefully weigh the pros and cons of the available meeting formats (in-person, synchronous virtual, asynchronous, hybrid). While budgets and organizer preferences are typically key considerations, participants' preferences are rarely factored into this decision. Hence, the objectives of this study were to gain a better understanding of participants' preferences for meeting format, frequency, and updates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between September 1, 2022, and December 31, 2023, health care providers (HCPs) participating in asynchronous advisory board touchpoints on a proprietary virtual platform were asked to answer between 1-4 survey questions, selected at the pharmaceutical organizers' discretion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 443 HCPs answered the survey. Among respondents, 76.0% preferred meetings with a virtual component. Overall, the most popular meeting approach was a combination of synchronous and asynchronous virtual meetings over time (34.6%). The preference for hybrid meetings increased from 14.3 to 27.3% between 2022 and 2023. The preferred meeting frequency was 2-3 times a year (39.2%), followed by quarterly (33.2%). According to the respondents, the most important benefits of virtual over in-person meetings include: (i) superior convenience and flexibility (81.0%), (ii) avoidance of time off work and away from patients (62.3%), (iii) the low environmental impact and carbon footprint (32.5%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although these findings are preliminary and from a small dataset, they highlight the importance of customizing each pharmaceutical meeting or program with the target audience in mind.</p>","PeriodicalId":19778,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11272813/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141469983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Can General Managers Best Leverage Medical Affairs Now and in the Future?","authors":"Jon Zdon, Greta-James Chatgilaou, David Henderson, Matthew Britland, Sarah Tregenza, Nathalie McNeil, Dirk Otto, Josie Downey","doi":"10.1007/s40290-024-00528-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40290-024-00528-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>General managers (GMs) play a crucial role as enterprise leaders of the country affiliate of multi-national pharmaceutical companies, balancing needs, objectives and governance across all local functions. One such function, Medical Affairs, has undergone a significant evolution from a support function into a strategic partner and in some organizations a strategic leader supported by the increasing complexity of medications and a shift to more specialized medicines. Although the function has progressed significantly, there is opportunity to elevate Medical Affairs to another level, with GMs and business unit directors (BUDs) recommending increased business acumen, strategic approach, innovation and project management as competencies that could be further cultivated. Examining the current trends in the industry, including the increasing complexity of innovative medicines and patient journeys, a higher burden of evidence for the reimbursement of medicines, innovative data generation opportunities, the changing stakeholder engagement expectations and the focus on corporate reputation, Medical Affairs is positioned as a key to assist in navigating the organization through these complexities. The GM can help to foster the evolving role of Medical Affairs, encouraging lateral moves for broader enterprise mindset, imparting a culture of shared governance responsibilities across functions to encourage innovative thinking and nurture upcoming leaders by investing in training to take advantage of the above trends and deliver best patient and organizational outcomes now and in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":19778,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11272686/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141603926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}