Pathogens最新文献

{"title":"Pathological Characteristics of the Emerging Recombinant African Swine Fever Virus Genotypes I and II in Vietnam.","authors":"Viet Dung Nguyen, The Viet Hoang Nguyen, Ngoc Duong Vu, Thi Tam Than, Thi Chau Giang Tran, Thi Thu Hang Vu, Thi Lan Nguyen, Yeon Hee Kim, Aruna Ambagala, Van Phan Le","doi":"10.3390/pathogens14090875","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pathogens14090875","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>African swine fever (ASF) is a highly lethal disease caused by the ASF virus (ASFV) and poses a significant threat to the swine industry worldwide. This study investigated the pathogenicity and pathological characteristics of VNUA/rASFV/HD1/23, a recently identified recombinant ASFV genotype I/II in northern Vietnam. Sixteen healthy, seven-week-old pigs divided into four groups were inoculated intramuscularly (IM) with different virus concentrations (10², 10³, and 10⁴ HAD₅₀/mL), and their clinical signs, survival times, and pathological alterations were evaluated. All experimentally infected pigs exhibited acute clinical signs characterized by fever, anorexia, depression, diarrhea, and death (4-10 days after injection). The pathological findings included splenomegaly with infarcts, hemorrhagic lymph nodes, and severe pulmonary congestion. The pigs that received the highest dose (10⁴ HAD₅₀/mL) IM showed the earliest onset of clinical signs and the shortest survival time. This study provides important insights into the virulence and the pathological lesions induced by the recombinant genotype I/II ASFV strains that emerged in Vietnam.</p>","PeriodicalId":19758,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473001/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dengue-Related Ocular Complications: Spectrum, Diagnosis, and Management.","authors":"Jiaxin Deng, Yaru Zou, Mingming Yang, Jing Zhang, Zizhen Ye, Yuan Zong, Kyoko Ohno-Matsui, Koju Kamoi","doi":"10.3390/pathogens14090872","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pathogens14090872","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dengue virus infection frequently involves the eye, manifesting with hemorrhages, uveal inflammation, retinal vascular changes and maculopathy. These ocular manifestations may arise during the acute febrile phase or emerge weeks later. Studies from endemic regions report that up to one-quarter of hospitalized patients develop eye-related symptoms. Furthermore, studies confirm a higher risk of new uveitis cases following dengue infection. Breakdown of the blood-ocular barrier-driven by antibody-mediated enhancement, complement activation and release of inflammatory mediators-leads to vascular leakage, tissue injury and ischemia. Diagnosis relies on clinical examination supplemented by imaging (OCT, angiography) and laboratory confirmation of dengue. Mild anterior inflammation often responds to topical steroids, while sight-threatening posterior disease requires systemic corticosteroids and, in refractory cases, immunomodulatory agents. Visual outcomes depend on the initial severity; anterior uveitis typically resolves without sequelae, whereas vasculitis or foveal involvement may leave lasting deficits. This review integrates the current understanding of dengue-related eye disease, emphasizing its varied presentations and the importance of early recognition. Further research into targeted, mechanism-based therapies is needed to optimize visual outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19758,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472844/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Encapsulation of Disease-Causing and Commensal Mitis Group Non-Pneumococcal Streptococci.","authors":"Daniel M Musher, Mathias Müsken, M John Hicks, Lesley McGee, Bernard Beall","doi":"10.3390/pathogens14090876","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pathogens14090876","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Mitis group non-pneumococcal streptococci (MGNPS), specifically <i>Streptococcus mitis</i>, <i>Streptococcus infantis</i> and <i>Streptococcus oralis</i>, have recently been shown to cause pneumonia and/or bacteremia. These organisms often have capsular (<i>cps</i>) operons resembling those in pneumococci, and some express <i>cps</i>-generated polysaccharides that antigenically cross-react with pneumococcal capsular serotypes. But, to date, a series of MGNPS isolates has not been studied by electron microscopy (EM) for the presence of a capsule. <b>Methods</b>: We studied 21 MGNPS; 11 were isolated from sputum and determined to have caused pneumonia, 3 were isolated from blood, and 7 were commensal isolates cultured from the oral cavity of healthy adults. Two reacted with a pneumococcal anticapsular antibody. Isolates were fixed with two different protocols and examined by transmission EM. <b>Results</b>: EM of MGNPS after standard fixation and staining with uranyl acetate did not show capsules. In contrast, the 21 MGNPS isolates that we studied after fixation with ruthenium red and lysine acetate were all shown to be encapsulated. The thickness and density of capsules was related to their species: <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> had the most prominent encapsulation and <i>Streptococcus oralis</i> had the least. However, within a species, there was no apparent difference in capsules between disease-causing and colonizing strains. <b>Conclusions</b>: EM with ruthenium red staining demonstrated capsules on 21 MGNPS, but within a species, there was no apparent difference between disease-causing and commensal isolates. It seems reasonable to conclude that the capsule, together with inoculum size, host's ability to clear aspirated organisms, and other as yet unidentified virulence factors, all contribute to the pathogenesis of MGNPS pneumonia.</p>","PeriodicalId":19758,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Bat-Virus Interactions: Insights from a Study in the Gobi Desert.","authors":"Sabrina Canziani, Davide Lelli, Paolo Agnelli, Claudio Augugliaro, Munkhtsetseg Bazarragchaa, Sandro Bertolino, Marco Carlomagno, Gantulga Davaakhuu, Massimo Delledonne, Fabrizio Gili, Renato Fani, Ana Moreno, Battogtokh Nasanbat, Francesco Riga, Marzia Rossato, Tiziana Trogu, Leonardo Vincenzi, Udval Uuganbayar, Antonio Lavazza, Marco Zaccaroni","doi":"10.3390/pathogens14090870","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pathogens14090870","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In May 2022, an expedition was conducted in the Gobi Desert, Mongolia, to investigate the viral diversity of bats, recognized as reservoirs of emerging zoonotic viruses. Bats were captured in six oases using mist nets and were identified morphologically and molecularly. Fecal samples were collected and screened using molecular protocol targeting viral agents of relevance to human and animal health, including coronaviruses, orthoreoviruses, herpesviruses, adenoviruses, flaviviruses, phleboviruses, paramyxoviruses, pestiviruses, and Influenza A viruses. In total, 74 bats were sampled. The most represented bat genus was <i>Plecotus</i>, followed by <i>Hypsugo</i>, <i>Vespertilio</i>, and <i>Myotis</i>. Coronavirus RNA was detected in eleven samples (14.86%), <i>Mammalian orthoreovirus</i> RNA in two samples (2.70%), and herpesvirus DNA in three samples (4.05%). No other targeted viruses were detected. These data expand our understanding of viral circulation in bats from previously unstudied regions. By expanding our understanding of the viral diversity harbored by bats, this study contributes to ongoing efforts to better characterize their role in the ecology and evolution of emerging zoonotic viruses. Continuous surveillance in remote and biodiverse areas is essential to identify potential threats to public and animal health and to improve preparedness for future viral emergence.</p>","PeriodicalId":19758,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472993/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Flurry of Infectious Disease Modeling Tools During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Considerations for Future Selection.","authors":"Jennifer Corbin, Audrey Cerles, Peyton Tebon, Michael Haverkate, Susan Campbell, John Hurst, Rachel Woodul, John Hunzeker, Kierstyn Schwartz-Watjen, Akeisha Owens, Aiguo Wu","doi":"10.3390/pathogens14090877","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pathogens14090877","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infectious disease modeling surged during the COVID-19 pandemic, with numerous epidemiological models developed to shape both research and public policy. The abundance of available models-developed with diverse characteristics and modeling objectives-gave users plenty of model selection options; however, little guidance was available for selecting an appropriate epidemiological model. In recognition of this need for guidance, this work describes the development of a decision framework for appropriate model selection. To serve as both an example and a starting point for model users, we walk through the creation and use of a decision framework to evaluate key considerations for selecting a forward-looking epidemiological model intended to inform policy. Our assessment includes 43 models and modeling platforms that have been or could be used to model infectious disease. The framework developed for this assessment focused on assessing each model's strengths and weaknesses in terms of flexibility and customization, the ability to implement pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical mitigations, and visualization capabilities. By providing a decision framework and demonstrating its use, we aim to support better decision-making and stronger trust between public health institutions and the constituents they serve.</p>","PeriodicalId":19758,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472862/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LMP7 as a Target for Coronavirus Therapy: Inhibition by Ixazomib and Interaction with SARS-CoV-2 Proteins Nsp13 and Nsp16.","authors":"Yi Ru, Yue Ma-Lauer, Chengyu Xiang, Pengyuan Li, Brigitte von Brunn, Anja Richter, Christian Drosten, Andreas Pichlmair, Susanne Pfefferle, Markus Klein, Robert D Damoiseaux, Ulrich A K Betz, Albrecht von Brunn","doi":"10.3390/pathogens14090871","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pathogens14090871","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emergence of human coronaviruses has led to three epidemics or pandemics in the last two decades, collectively causing millions of deaths and thus highlighting a long-term need to identify new antiviral drug targets and develop antiviral therapeutics. In this study, a compound library was screened to uncover novel potential inhibitors of coronavirus replication. Three lead compounds, designated #16-14, #16-23, and #16-24, which were Ixazomib and its analogs, were identified based on their potent antiviral activity and minimal cytotoxicity. These compounds were found to inhibit the immunoproteasome subunit LMP7, a target whose subcellular localization and expression are altered in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected Huh7 cells. Yeast two-hybrid assays and co-immunoprecipitation further revealed that LMP7 interacts with the viral proteins Nsp13 and Nsp16. In addition, Nsp13 and Nsp16 disrupted the expression of LMP7 in response to pathogen attacks. Functional studies showed that LMP7 knockout in BEAS-2B-ACE2 cells resulted in enhanced replication of attenuated SARS-CoV-2, highlighting the role of this subunit in restricting viral replication. Taken together, these findings position LMP7 as a novel therapeutic target and highlight Ixazomib and its analogs as potential antiviral agents against current and future coronavirus threats.</p>","PeriodicalId":19758,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472737/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of pH, Temperature and Exogenous Proteins on Aspartic Peptidase Secretion in <i>Candida auris</i> and the <i>Candida haemulonii</i> Species Complex.","authors":"Gabriel C Silva, Pedro F Barbosa, Lívia S Ramos, Marta H Branquinha, André L S Santos","doi":"10.3390/pathogens14090873","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pathogens14090873","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Candida</i> species commonly secrete aspartic peptidases (Saps), which are virulence factors involved in nutrient acquisition, colonization, tissue invasion, immune evasion and host adaptation. However, the regulation of Sap production remains poorly characterized in emerging, widespread and multidrug-resistant members of the <i>Candida haemulonii</i> clade (<i>C. auris</i>, <i>C. haemulonii</i>, <i>C. haemulonii</i> var. <i>vulnera</i> and <i>C. duobushaemulonii</i>). This study investigated the influence of temperature, pH and protein substrate on Sap production using bloodstream isolates of the <i>C. haemulonii</i> clade. Sap activity was initially assessed using the enzyme coefficient (Pz) in fungal cells grown on yeast carbon base (YCB) agar supplemented with bovine serum albumin (BSA) to determine optimal conditions for enzymatic production. <i>C. auris</i> and <i>C. duobushaemulonii</i> exhibited the highest Sap activity at 96 h, pH 4.0-5.0, and 37 °C, whereas <i>C. haemulonii</i> and <i>C. haemulonii</i> var. <i>vulnera</i> displayed more variable and isolate-dependent profiles. Sap production was markedly suppressed at pH 6.0. The addition of pepstatin A, an inhibitor of aspartic peptidases, abolished Sap activity and impaired fungal growth in a dose-dependent manner, confirming both the enzymatic identity and its critical role in nitrogen acquisition. Conversely, YCB supplemented with an inorganic nitrogen source (ammonium sulfate) supported fungal growth but did not induce Sap production. To explore substrate specificity, YCB was supplemented with a panel of proteins. Serum albumins (bovine and human) induced the highest Sap production, followed by globulin, gelatin, hemoglobin, collagen and immunoglobulin G, while elastin and mucin elicited the lowest Sap production. Isolate-specific preferences for protein substrates were observed. Finally, fluorometric assays using a Sap-specific fluorogenic peptide substrate confirmed the presence of Sap activity in cell-free supernatants, which was consistently and entirely blocked by pepstatin A. These findings highlight inter- and intraspecies variability in Sap regulation among <i>C. haemulonii</i> clade, stressing the critical roles of substrate availability, pH and temperature in shaping fungal adaptation to host environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":19758,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472392/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathogen Safety Issues Around the \"Blood Scandals\" 1995-2024-A Perspective Built on Experience.","authors":"Albert Farrugia","doi":"10.3390/pathogens14090868","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pathogens14090868","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper addresses issues around the viral safety of plasma derivatives, which have led to a spate of public inquiries over the past thirty years. These inquiries have ensued following the infection of recipients of plasma derivatives and have focused on identifying which, if any, parties were responsible for these events. The most recent of these inquiries-the Infected Blood Inquiry in the United Kingdom-ran between 2018 and 2022, and has reached conclusions regarding the allocation of responsibility, some of which are discussed in this review. The published reports of the inquiries, supplemented by evidence sourced from the peer-reviewed literature, the policies of government agencies, and public reactions to these processes, form the basis of this review. In addition, the perspective of the author, who has a background in plasma fractionation science as well as being a recipient of plasma products during the period covered by these various inquiries, is offered as a way of augmenting the issues covered. The benefits arising from these, occasionally controversial, inquiries are described, including the heightened commitment to blood safety by policymakers, the embedment of precautionism as a safety principle, and the need for transparency and informed consent in patient management.</p>","PeriodicalId":19758,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473043/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reoviral Hepatitis in Young Turkey Poults-An Emerging Problem.","authors":"Rahul Kumar, Mohamed Selim, Anibal G Armien, Sagar M Goyal, Fabio A Vannucci, Sidhartha Deshmukh, Robert E Porter, Sunil K Mor","doi":"10.3390/pathogens14090865","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pathogens14090865","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>From January 2019 to April 2020, the Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (MVDL) received cases of hepatitis and spiking mortality in young turkey poults (average age 15.5 days) from multiple turkey-producing states. Meat-type turkeys were mainly affected, with a few cases in breeders. Of 188 cases, 88 (47.5%) tested positive for reovirus by virus isolation, with most of the positive cases from 7 to 14-day-old birds (n = 42). Gross lesions consisted of hepatosplenomegaly with acute, multifocal necrosis in both liver and spleen. Microscopically, liver sections showed congestion of hepatic sinusoids and necrotizing hepatitis with infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages. Reovirus was detected in liver samples by electron microscopy and in situ hybridization (ISH). Sections of spleen showed areas of necrosis with infiltration of the mixed population of inflammatory cells and depletion of lymphocytes. We consistently isolated reoviruses from livers and tentatively named the virus \"Turkey Hepatitis Reovirus\" (THRV). Phylogenetic analysis of the newly emerged THRVs revealed their clustering into four distinct groups. This study also highlighted the close antigenic relation between TARV and THRV compared to turkey enteritis reoviruses (TERVs), which shed light on the probable origin of this newly emerged pathotype. In summary, further molecular and pathogenicity studies are recommended on THRVs to help diagnose and control this serious variant.</p>","PeriodicalId":19758,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472222/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Q Fever: Who Is at Risk? A Serological Survey in the General Population and Occupationally Exposed Individuals in Northern Italy.","authors":"Alice Fincato, Laura Lucchese, Laura Bellinati, Elisa Mazzotta, Silvia Ragolia, Shirin Asa'Ad, Cristiano Salata, Alda Natale","doi":"10.3390/pathogens14090869","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pathogens14090869","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by the intracellular bacterium <i>Coxiella</i> (<i>C.</i>) <i>burnetii</i>. In ruminants, it mainly leads to reproductive disorders. In humans, transmission typically occurs through direct contact with infected animals or inhalation of contaminated aerosols. Although it is a notifiable disease in the European Union for both humans and certain animal species, the actual incidence is likely underestimated due to the non-specific nature of clinical symptoms. Domestic ruminants are considered the main reservoirs of <i>C. burnetii</i>, placing farmers and veterinarians at increased occupational risk of infection.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to assess the risk of Q fever infection in northern Italy by comparing the seroprevalence rates between professionally exposed individuals and not professionally exposed people.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 209 serum samples were analysed: 117 from exposed professionals (veterinarians, biologists, agronomists, laboratory technicians) and 92 from professionally unexposed people (control group). Serum samples were tested with a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect the presence of IgG against <i>C. burnetii</i>. Positive and doubtful samples were further investigated with a commercial immunofluorescence assay for detection of IgM and IgG. Epidemiological data were also collected to explore potential risk factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 10 of the 117 exposed individuals tested positive, yielding a seroprevalence of 8.6%, while only 1 of the 92 control subjects tested positive (1.1%). These findings indicate a significantly higher occupational risk of <i>C. burnetii</i> infection among exposed professionals compared to the general population.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results highlight the need for preventive measures and surveillance in at-risk occupational groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":19758,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472743/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}