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Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine最新文献

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History and examination 历史和考试
Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine Pub Date : 2019-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780198785477.003.0005
M. Sivan, M. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott
{"title":"History and examination","authors":"M. Sivan, M. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780198785477.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780198785477.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter describes the principles of taking a history, an essential part of a comprehensive assessment of an individual by a rehabilitation physician, including presenting complaints; assessment of body function, activities, and participation; past medical and functional history; review of symptoms; personal and environmental history; and the individual’s perception of their condition. The approach taken in eliciting a history in rehabilitation settings is unique in that there is equal emphasis on understanding the impact of any illness on body function, activities, and participation in the context of that particular individual in the unique environment they live in. Describing examination of the neurological system and musculoskeletal system, the chapter provides details of how to design a rehabilitation plan, and methods for successful implementation.","PeriodicalId":197491,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine","volume":"364 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117080467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Burns rehabilitation 烧伤康复
Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine Pub Date : 2019-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0040
M. Sivan, M. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott
{"title":"Burns rehabilitation","authors":"M. Sivan, M. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0040","url":null,"abstract":"A burn injury is an unexpected and dramatic event in a person’s life, with a strong likelihood of persistent physical and psychological impacts. Overall, the incidence of burns is relatively low; however, it is higher in developing countries, in lower socioeconomic and disadvantaged groups, in children under 2 years of age, and in the workplace. How well a person copes following a burn injury depends on multiple factors including those relating to the burns themselves (e.g. area, depth, and type), secondary issues relating to treatment (e.g. efficacy of pain management and multiple operations), associated long-term implications (e.g. contractures, cosmesis, and psychology), along with personality, family, and societal influences. As with all rehabilitation, the goal is to maximize quality of life by minimizing adverse outcomes, maximizing adaptation, and encouraging positive psychological coping mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":197491,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127017068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Geriatric rehabilitation 老年康复
Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine Pub Date : 2019-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0039
M. Sivan, M. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott
{"title":"Geriatric rehabilitation","authors":"M. Sivan, M. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0039","url":null,"abstract":"Ageing is strongly associated with co-morbidities, frailty, and disability. The co-morbidity burden is tremendous with at least two-thirds of elderly people having three or more chronic diseases. More than a quarter of elderly patients are frail and a similar proportion have difficulties in activities of daily living, especially those older than 75 years. Physical frailty, sarcopenia, and the consequences of reduced mobility are specific areas that rehabilitation clinicians are well suited to assess and offer interventions for. Falls, and their association with minimal trauma fractures, are characteristic of the elderly and geriatric rehabilitation. This chapter describes assessment and rehabilitative interventions in older patients.","PeriodicalId":197491,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine","volume":"26 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113973271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Spinal problems 脊柱问题
Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine Pub Date : 2019-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0037
M. Sivan, M. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott
{"title":"Spinal problems","authors":"M. Sivan, M. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0037","url":null,"abstract":"Low back and neck pain are extremely common symptoms in modern societies. The pain may result from abnormalities occurring within the trunk muscles, the vertebrae, the intervertebral discs, the facet joints, and the ligaments and from the spinal canal and the nerve roots themselves. Pain may also be referred from distant sites—such as the abdomen—and in some cases may be functional or psychogenic in nature. Pain can be described as acute or chronic; pain present for more than 3 months is considered as chronic. This chapter describes the assessment and management of different types of back pain.","PeriodicalId":197491,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine","volume":"275 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134032653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Communication 沟通
Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine Pub Date : 2019-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0008
M. Sivan, M. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott
{"title":"Communication","authors":"M. Sivan, M. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of communication encompasses speech and language alongside our ability to understand non-verbal communication. While communication appears effortless in normal circumstances, large amounts of unconscious processing are required from widely distributed brain regions. Non-verbal communication incorporates additional neurological systems including visual pathways, occipital lobe, mirror neurons, and so on. These observations mean that language function can be impaired from a much wider range of brain injuries than the relatively focal lesions that were traditionally considered. This chapter discusses acquired speech and language disorders (dysphasia/aphasia, fluent dysphasias, non-fluent dysphasia, global dysphasia, dysarthria, apraxia of speech, and neurogenic stuttering) and their assessment. Different therapies are defined, including impairment and communication-based therapies, and their appropriate applications depending on the underlying cause of the disorder.","PeriodicalId":197491,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134316440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cancer rehabilitation 癌症康复
Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine Pub Date : 2019-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0038
M. Sivan, M. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott
{"title":"Cancer rehabilitation","authors":"M. Sivan, M. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0038","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer has changed from being a condition with a poor prognosis where the emphasis was on treatment aimed at stopping or slowing the cancer to one which frequently is a chronic condition, or at least a condition in which survival may be measured in years rather than months. The natural consequence of this is that rehabilitation has become an important aspect of management, and a vital one if a person is to fully take advantage of successful cancer treatment. Different terminologies are used concerning rehabilitation so it may not be immediately obvious that it is provided: examples are that many of the components of cancer survivorship programmes are rehabilitative in nature and the term ‘supportive care’ often covers rehabilitation.","PeriodicalId":197491,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115387459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Multiple sclerosis 多发性硬化症
Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine Pub Date : 2019-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0029
M. Sivan, Margaret D. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott
{"title":"Multiple sclerosis","authors":"M. Sivan, Margaret D. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0029","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the commonest of the demyelinating CNS conditions and is the most frequent condition causing neurological disability in younger adults. It causes a combination of physical and cognitive disabilities, which, when combined with starting in young adult life and with an uncertain rate of progression, make it both challenging and responsive to rehabilitation. It is important to understand the criteria for diagnosis both to be able to discuss prognosis with patients and because symptoms may become apparent later which affect the diagnosis. It is more likely that rehabilitation medicine clinicians will see those with primary or secondary progressive MS than relapsing–remitting MS because the impact of disability tends to be greater and the current benefits from disease-modifying therapies less in progressive MS.","PeriodicalId":197491,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129076168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Family and relationships 家庭与人际关系
Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine Pub Date : 2019-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780198785477.003.0019
M. Sivan, M. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott
{"title":"Family and relationships","authors":"M. Sivan, M. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780198785477.003.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780198785477.003.0019","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter covers the role of the family in caregiving after an individual has experienced a serious, sudden-onset illness that requires ongoing care. Family members require a range of supportive measures during the process of transition into a caregiving role. This may include emotional support, physical assistance with daily activities, and practical support and advocacy to navigate complex healthcare services. The chapter describes the caregiving role, and also different types of support required at different points of the rehabilitation process. Strains and burdens on those providing care are outlined, with support strategies described. Impacts on relationships including the biological, psychological, and social factors are covered.","PeriodicalId":197491,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115287937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Rehabilitation team 康复团队
Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine Pub Date : 2019-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0003
M. Sivan, M. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott
{"title":"Rehabilitation team","authors":"M. Sivan, M. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter describes the requirement for a team in the treatment of an individual who has undergone a disabling event. A disabling event impacts the way a person manages across many domains of life (e.g. physical, psychological, and so on) but also on how they and others see their place in society. Providing a rationale for the benefits of working in a team, the chapter covers the definition and composition of an effective rehabilitation multidisciplinary team, including how to develop a successful team culture, communication, leadership, and meetings. Cautions on how to proceed when a team goes wrong are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":197491,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128071535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Vocational rehabilitation 职业康复
Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine Pub Date : 2019-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0020
M. Sivan, M. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott
{"title":"Vocational rehabilitation","authors":"M. Sivan, M. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0020","url":null,"abstract":"Work is important for the health and well-being of individuals, regardless of whether it is paid or unpaid employment. Employment is known to be a critical component of personal identity and personal growth, disability adjustment, social integration, and life satisfaction, in addition to economic self-sufficiency. In its broadest sense, work is ‘an activity involving mental or physical effort in order to achieve a result’. People with disabilities experience a significantly higher than average level of unemployment. This chapter defines and describes vocational rehabilitation techniques to reintegrate the patient into the community and workforce, interventions and assessment, and suitable workplace accommodations.","PeriodicalId":197491,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114829044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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