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Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine最新文献

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Orthotics 矫正器
Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine Pub Date : 2019-08-01 DOI: 10.1097/01.jpo.0000530322.74491.0c
M. Sivan, M. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott
{"title":"Orthotics","authors":"M. Sivan, M. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott","doi":"10.1097/01.jpo.0000530322.74491.0c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.jpo.0000530322.74491.0c","url":null,"abstract":"An orthosis is an externally applied device used to modify, support, or enhance the functional characteristics of a body segment. Other terminology used to describe orthoses includes splints, braces, and supports. Orthoses can be custom-made, or can be ordered ‘off the shelf’ as a prefabricated device, and can be fabricated from a variety of materials depending on the need for external support. The practice of orthotics can include selecting, prescribing, designing, fabricating, fitting, applying, and evaluating orthoses to achieve specific rehabilitation goals. This chapter covers various types of orthoses by body part and function, as well as recent advances in orthotics.","PeriodicalId":197491,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131490080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Stroke 中风
Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine Pub Date : 2019-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0028
M. Sivan, Margaret D. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott
{"title":"Stroke","authors":"M. Sivan, Margaret D. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0028","url":null,"abstract":"The World Health Organization defines stroke as: ‘Rapidly developing signs of focal (or global) disturbance of cerebral function, lasting more than 24 hours or leading to death, with no apparent cause other than that of vascular origin’. This definition may be a little outdated with modern imaging techniques commonly diagnosing pathology at a very early stage or diagnosing old ‘silent’ infarcts. This chapter describes the epidemiology and different types of stroke and the diagnosis, prognosis, and secondary prevention of stroke are discussed. Stroke rehabilitation settings are then described, as well as the initial multidisciplinary team assessment, principles of stroke rehabilitation, and predictors of poorer functional prognosis. Rehabilitation for impairment of different functions are covered, describing upper and lower limb impairment, dysphagia and nutrition, speech impairments, visual impairments, and unilateral spatial neglect. The final section is on discharge planning.","PeriodicalId":197491,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127630171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Amputee rehabilitation 截肢康复
Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine Pub Date : 2019-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0041
M. Sivan, M. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott
{"title":"Amputee rehabilitation","authors":"M. Sivan, M. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0041","url":null,"abstract":"Amputee rehabilitation involves the multidisciplinary assessment of all amputees and the resultant advice and therapy delivered. It is essential that treatment is delivered in a patient-centred manner and timely fashion. Amputee rehabilitation includes patients over a wide spectrum of ages—from a baby born with an upper or lower limb deformity or deficiency to an elderly patient with vascular disease and multiple medical comorbidities. Amputee rehabilitation is no longer concerned with only patients who are suitable for limb fitting. It is inclusive of all amputees and the specialist amputee multidisciplinary team should be able to provide valuable advice and therapy to all amputees","PeriodicalId":197491,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127504581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Muscle disorders 肌肉疾病
Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine Pub Date : 2019-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0034
M. Sivan, M. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott
{"title":"Muscle disorders","authors":"M. Sivan, M. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0034","url":null,"abstract":"There are a wide variety of inherited muscle conditions that result in disability and thus a need for rehabilitation. This chapter covers some of the commoner muscle conditions seen by the rehabilitation physician, such as acquired myopathies, systemic disease, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, alongside their more frequent impairments. As with many of the conditions described in this handbook, the general principles of rehabilitation apply and more detailed information given in other chapters remains relevant for specific activity limitations and participation restrictions.","PeriodicalId":197491,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine","volume":"7 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131451254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Spasticity and contractures 痉挛和挛缩
Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine Pub Date : 2019-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780198785477.003.0010
M. Sivan, M. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott
{"title":"Spasticity and contractures","authors":"M. Sivan, M. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780198785477.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780198785477.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses spasticity, a positive feature of disruption of the upper motor neuron pathways following acquired brain injury. After defining spasticity, it covers the prevalence and impact on limb function, methods of measurement (to monitor the outcomes of rehabilitation), goal setting, and management. Physical interventions by the physiotherapist and occupational therapist are described (as well as interventions to manage paresis and develop motor control), and pharmacological interventions (such as oral and intrathecal medications, and injectables) and their use in both treatment and management are discussed. The case for surgical intervention is also made for certain cases.","PeriodicalId":197491,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114783595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Spinal cord injury 脊髓损伤
Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine Pub Date : 2019-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780198785477.003.0027
M. Sivan, M. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott
{"title":"Spinal cord injury","authors":"M. Sivan, M. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780198785477.003.0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780198785477.003.0027","url":null,"abstract":"The term spinal cord injury (SCI) is often taken to denote damage to the spinal cord following trauma, with non-traumatic SCI treated as a separate condition in some services. The prognosis for SCI varies depending on aetiology. Often, survival for those with non-traumatic SCI is determined by the underlying diagnosis. Individuals with SCI have great capacity to maintain a good quality of life. Helping to make this a reality is one of the multiple challenges that SCI poses to the multidisciplinary team. Following inpatient rehabilitation, the key to independence and participation in previous life roles is access to good-quality information. Individuals should be kept informed of developments at all times and put in touch with the necessary range of professionals, not only with regard to their health, but also in social services, employment, and other spheres.","PeriodicalId":197491,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124914492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Neurodegenerative conditions 神经退行性条件
Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine Pub Date : 2019-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0031
M. Sivan, Margaret D. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott
{"title":"Neurodegenerative conditions","authors":"M. Sivan, Margaret D. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0031","url":null,"abstract":"The neurodegenerative conditions (NDGCs) encompass a wide variety of neurological conditions, with varying signs, symptoms, age of onset, prognoses, and underlying pathologies. However, they share a number of features. The aims of this chapter are to describe the essentials of some of the more frequent NDGCs that are not covered elsewhere in this handbook, to indicate symptoms that are common features, and to provide an overview of some of the strategies that may be useful. The individual conditions are not described in depth; a textbook of neurology is recommended for this.","PeriodicalId":197491,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127893273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Chronic pain 慢性疼痛
Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine Pub Date : 2019-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0011
M. Sivan, M. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott
{"title":"Chronic pain","authors":"M. Sivan, M. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0011","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter defines the difference between acute and chronic pain, as well as the epidemiology of chronic pain (including why prevalence rates vary widely in the literature). Nociceptive pain and neurogenic pain are both defined, alongside a summary of the mechanisms of common pain syndromes. Examination of the patient with pain is described, including ways of taking a history in those who are unable to give a complete or coherent account. Measurement of pain, management strategies, and pharmaceutical interventions are all covered, and a defence of multidisciplinary pain management programmes is included. Finally, specific chronic pain conditions are defined, and recommendations for management are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":197491,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117106296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Skin problems 皮肤问题
Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine Pub Date : 2019-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0014
M. Sivan, M. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott
{"title":"Skin problems","authors":"M. Sivan, M. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0014","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter includes some of the common skin-related problems encountered in rehabilitation settings, including pressure ulcers, chronic venous ulcers, ischaemic ulcers, and osteomyelitis. A pressure ulcer is an area of localized damage to the skin and underlying tissue caused by pressure, shear, and friction, either individually or in combination. The definition, features, and grades of pressure ulcers are discussed, followed by prevention and management strategies. The prevalence of leg ulcers ranges from 1 to 3 per 1000 population and can rise to 8.5% in those aged more than 65 years. The commonest causes of chronic ulcers are venous ulcers (60–70%), mixed ulcers (15–20%), arterial (10%), and systemic diseases and unusual causes (5%). The causes and management of leg ulcers are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":197491,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine","volume":"172 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133612877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Neurogenic bladder and bowel 神经性膀胱和肠
Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine Pub Date : 2019-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780198785477.003.0012
M. Sivan, M. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott
{"title":"Neurogenic bladder and bowel","authors":"M. Sivan, M. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780198785477.003.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780198785477.003.0012","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses continence. Bladder and bowel anatomy and physiology are complex, with continence being dependent on both intact anatomical structures and normal peripheral, autonomic, and central nervous system function. This chapter focuses on continence and incontinence, but with an emphasis towards the neurological substrates. Starting with the physiological considerations of normal bladder and bowel function, urinary incontinence is defined. The separate categories are then described, and pathophysiologies of bladder and bowel disorders are explained. Management of urinary problems are defined, including surgical interventions. Bowel incontinence is described, with common contributors (anatomical, neurology, and stool consistency) and management strategies outlined.","PeriodicalId":197491,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134473723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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