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Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine最新文献

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Wheelchairs and seating 轮椅和座椅
Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine Pub Date : 2019-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780198785477.003.0022
M. Sivan, M. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott
{"title":"Wheelchairs and seating","authors":"M. Sivan, M. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780198785477.003.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780198785477.003.0022","url":null,"abstract":"Freedom of movement is an essential component of independence and mobility is closely associated with quality of life. People who have difficulty with independent walking often require a wheelchair to assist with mobility. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health model can be used to guide the provision of wheelchairs and seating through consideration of the individual personal factors and preferences, environmental limitations, the person’s desired activities and participation in life roles, as well as the person’s health condition or impairments of body structure and function. This chapter describes the steps in prescribing a wheelchair, types of manual and powered wheelchairs, and specialized seating and positioning components.","PeriodicalId":197491,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133006663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Swallowing 吞咽
Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine Pub Date : 2019-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0009
M. Sivan, M. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott
{"title":"Swallowing","authors":"M. Sivan, M. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"Dysphagia is the over-arching term referring to disorders of swallowing. Dysphagia is a common complication of many acute and chronic neurological conditions. Dysphagia is important in the rehabilitation setting as it can produce common and potentially avoidable complications, morbidity, and death. This chapter defines the normal physiology of swallowing, the assessment of dysphagia (a multidisciplinary process), and management strategies. These include examples for dysphagia originating from anatomical, physiological, and behavioural causes. Clinical indicators for assessment are listed, and various methods such as taking a detailed history, cognitive communication screening, behavioural observation, oromotor assessment, bedside swallowing assessment, instrumental assessment of swallowing (where indicated), and nutritional assessment are described.","PeriodicalId":197491,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114443070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Technical aids and assistive technology 技术辅助和辅助技术
Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine Pub Date : 2019-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780198785477.003.0023
M. Sivan, M. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott
{"title":"Technical aids and assistive technology","authors":"M. Sivan, M. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780198785477.003.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780198785477.003.0023","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this chapter is to explain key terminology and considerations in the provision of assistive technology. Assistive solutions are individualized, tailored combinations of assistive devices and services and have the potential to enable people to engage in their chosen life roles. Generic principles and selection processes are explored to support decision-making and provide a foundation for assistive technology practice. Developments in everyday technologies are also highlighted to illustrate their increased potential to be used by a wider range of people. Within this chapter, examples of digital assistive technology are provided to illustrate key features and considerations in the assistive technology process. Assistive technology principles, however, can be applied to both low- and high-tech assistive products.","PeriodicalId":197491,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124544974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Traumatic brain injury 创伤性脑损伤
Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine Pub Date : 2019-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0026
M. Sivan, M. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott
{"title":"Traumatic brain injury","authors":"M. Sivan, M. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0026","url":null,"abstract":"Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a subset of acquired brain injuries, a larger grouping that includes acute-onset diseases such as stroke as well as degenerative conditions such as the dementing illnesses. TBI is often considered separately to other acquired brain injuries due to differences in its presentation and how treatment is approached. TBI occurs over an extremely broad range of severities, from concussion through to profound and life-threatening damage. As the injury becomes more severe, the affected individual has an increasing risk of experiencing lifelong and complex physical, behavioural, emotional, cognitive and social problems. This chapter describes mechanisms, severity, consequences, related conditions, and stages of rehabilitation.","PeriodicalId":197491,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129225771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cerebral palsy 脑瘫
Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine Pub Date : 2019-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0030
M. Sivan, M. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott
{"title":"Cerebral palsy","authors":"M. Sivan, M. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0030","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter concerns rehabilitation for adults with cerebral palsy (CP). It begins with aspects of CP in childhood as the definition, aetiology, and classification of CP are all based on its origins preterm or in infancy. Adolescence is a time of great change for any person as they develop an autonomous existence and learn to take responsibility for various aspects of life. Having a disability such as CP brings additional challenges. Describing the dominant challenges of CP at different stages of life, including the transition to adulthood and during adult life, the chapter gives practical rehabilitation advice.","PeriodicalId":197491,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127643757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cardiac rehabilitation 心脏康复
Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine Pub Date : 2019-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0016
M. Sivan, M. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott
{"title":"Cardiac rehabilitation","authors":"M. Sivan, M. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0016","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter covers cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention, including the long-term programme of medical evaluation, exercise, risk factor modification, education, and counselling to limit the physiological and psychological effects of cardiac illness. The chapter opens with a definition of cardiac rehabilitation. The epidemiology of cardiac disease is then covered, and core components of a cardiac rehabilitation programme are described. Assessment, education, risk factor management, and risk factor stratification are all covered, and the benefits and risks involved in cardiac rehabilitation are discussed. The chapter ends with a discussion about maintaining long-term behaviour change in those patients referred to cardiac rehabilitation and prevention.","PeriodicalId":197491,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122740061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Disorders of the peripheral nerves 周围神经紊乱
Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine Pub Date : 2019-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780198785477.003.0033
M. Sivan, M. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott
{"title":"Disorders of the peripheral nerves","authors":"M. Sivan, M. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780198785477.003.0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780198785477.003.0033","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate diagnosis is important for the rehabilitation of people with disorders of the peripheral nerves. There are a small but increasing number of disorders that are now specifically treatable. Even in those disorders of peripheral nerves that do not currently have a specific treatment, accurate diagnosis remains important in order to determine natural history and prognosis. This will help to determine the rehabilitation strategy. Some conditions may recover spontaneously—such as Guillain–Barré syndrome—while others are progressive—such as the hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies. Some may require surgical intervention (e.g. the brachial plexus injuries). Disorders of peripheral nerves usually consist of several symptoms, and this chapter covers a range of disorders to indicate the range and extent of these disorders.","PeriodicalId":197491,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124090428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Prolonged disorders of consciousness 长期意识障碍
Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine Pub Date : 2019-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780198785477.003.0032
M. Sivan, M. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott
{"title":"Prolonged disorders of consciousness","authors":"M. Sivan, M. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780198785477.003.0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780198785477.003.0032","url":null,"abstract":"The term ‘consciousness’ refers to our brain’s capacity to provide an integrated, running commentary over our sensations and motivations for actions. The organic substrate underpinning ‘consciousness’ has not been identified. It is highly unlikely that any one structure plays a dominant role, and consciousness is probably best thought of as a massively distributed system within the brain. It is therefore highly susceptible to widespread, diffuse injuries of any aetiology. This chapter describes elements of consciousness, the difference between arousal and awareness, assessment of consciousness levels (conscious versus subconscious versus unconscious), and various rehabilitative techniques and treatment paradigms, including sensory stimulation, physical approaches, pharmaceutical, and brain stimulation.","PeriodicalId":197491,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128634873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Sexual function 性功能
Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine Pub Date : 2019-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0013
M. Sivan, M. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott
{"title":"Sexual function","authors":"M. Sivan, M. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0013","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter starts by defining different aspects of sexuality and sexual health, and exploring the biopsychosocial model of sexual function. Male and female physiologies are illustrated, and the psychology of sexuality is described in the context of rehabilitation post disability. The PLISSIT model for managing and exploring sexual problems is described, with examples of how to manage conversations with patients. Both male and female fertility and sexual function are described, including methods of overcoming erectile dysfunction and problems with ejaculation. Hyper- and hyposexuality and the promotion of a good quality of life in sexual rehabilitation are discussed.","PeriodicalId":197491,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129573193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Personal factors in rehabilitation 康复中的个人因素
Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780198785477.003.0024
M. Sivan, M. Sivan, M. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott
{"title":"Personal factors in rehabilitation","authors":"M. Sivan, M. Sivan, M. Phillips, I. Baguley, M. Nott","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780198785477.003.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780198785477.003.0024","url":null,"abstract":"A patient’s perception of their journey through rehabilitation is based on their personal aspirations and expectations as filtered through the value and belief systems within which they live. From these internal constructs, the uniqueness of an individual’s lived experience emerges and explains how two individuals with the same health condition or health state may respond to their situation very differently. This chapter covers contextual factors within the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health model, personality factors, attitudes, skills, and behaviour patterns in the context of how an individual will react to rehabilitation.","PeriodicalId":197491,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115604383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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