Ontogenez最新文献_第4页

[Degradation of skeletal muscle protein during growth and development of salmonid fish]. [鲑科鱼类生长发育过程中骨骼肌蛋白的降解]。

Ontogenez Pub Date : 2016-07-01

N N Nemova, L A Lysenko, N P Kantserova

{"title":"[Degradation of skeletal muscle protein during growth and development of salmonid fish].","authors":"N N Nemova, L A Lysenko, N P Kantserova","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Published data and the results of the authors’ own studies on the role of intracellular proteolytic\u0000enzymes and the metabolic and signaling processes regulated by these enzymes at certain stages of growth and\u0000development of salmonid fishes are analyzed in the present review. The major pathways of intracellular proteolysis\u0000relying on autophagy, proteasome activity, and calpain activity are considered, as well as the relative\u0000contribution of these pathways to proteolysis in skeletal muscle of the fish. Skeletal muscle accounts for more\u0000than half of the weight of the fish and undergoes the most significant changes due to the action of anabolic\u0000and catabolic signals. Special attention is paid to the intensity of protein degradation during the active growth\u0000period characterized by a high rate of protein synthesis and metabolism in fish, as well as to protein degradation\u0000during the reproductive period characterized by predomination of catabolic processes in contrast to the\u0000growth period. Skeletal muscle plays a unique role as a source of plastic and energy substrates in fish, and,\u0000therefore, the process of muscle protein degradation is regarded as a key mechanism for the regulation of\u0000growth intensity in juvenile salmon and for maintenance of viability and reproductive capacity of salmonid\u0000fish during the maturation of gametes, starvation, and migration related to spawning. The possibility of using\u0000a set of parameters of intracellular proteolysis to characterize the early development of salmonids is demonstrated\u0000in the review.","PeriodicalId":19673,"journal":{"name":"Ontogenez","volume":"47 4","pages":"197-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36537265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Effect of the auxin polar transport inhibitor on the morphogenesis of leaves and generative structures during fasciation in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh]. 生长素极性运输抑制剂对拟南芥结合力过程中叶片形态发生及生殖结构的影响Heynh]。

Ontogenez Pub Date : 2016-07-01

E A Bykova, D A Chergintsev, T A Vlasova, V V Choob

引用次数: 0

[Morphological Features of the Transgenic Tobacco Plant Shoot Expressing the 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutagyl-CoA Reductase(HMG1) Gene in the Direct and Reverse Orientations Towards the Promoter]. [转基因烟草植物嫩枝表达 3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰基-CoA 还原酶（HMG1）基因的形态学特征（启动子的正向和反向）].

Ontogenez Pub Date : 2016-07-01

A A Ermoshin, I S Kiseleva, S A Bortsova, Y V Sanaeva, V V Alekseeva

引用次数: 0

[Morphogenetic Networks which Determine the Spatial Expression of Zygotic Genes in Early Drosophila Embryo]. [形态发生网络决定早期果蝇胚胎中合子基因的空间表达]。

Ontogenez Pub Date : 2016-07-01

S Yu Surkova, E V Golubkova, L A Mamon, M G Samsonova

{"title":"[Morphogenetic Networks which Determine the Spatial Expression of Zygotic Genes in Early Drosophila Embryo].","authors":"S Yu Surkova, E V Golubkova, L A Mamon, M G Samsonova","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"This review deals with the recent studies expanding the idea of positional information in the early\u0000embryogenesis of Drosophila melanogaster. Previous studies showed that, in the course of segment determination\u0000in Drosophila, information created by gradients of products of maternal coordinate genes is not “read”\u0000statically, being interpreted by their zygotic target genes via regulatory interactions. This leads to spatial shifts\u0000in the expression of target genes relative to the original positions as well as to dynamic reduction in the zygotic\u0000expression variability. However, according to recent data, interpretation of positional information includes\u0000the interaction between not only zygotic target genes but also the maternal coordinate genes themselves. Different\u0000systems of maternal coordinate genes (maternal systems)—the posterior-anterior, terminal, and dorsoventral—\u0000can interact with each other. This is usually expressed in the regulation of zygotic target genes of one maternal\u0000system by other maternal systems. The concept of a “morphogenetic network” was introduced to define the\u0000interaction of maternal systems during determination of spatial gene expression in the early Drosophila embryo.","PeriodicalId":19673,"journal":{"name":"Ontogenez","volume":"47 4","pages":"219-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36535186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Secreted Protein Noggin4 Participates in the Formation of Forebrain Structures in Xenopus laevis by Inhibitingthe Wnt/Beta-Catenin Signaling Pathway]. [分泌蛋白Noggin4通过抑制Wnt/ β - catenin信号通路参与非洲爪蟾前脑结构的形成]。

Ontogenez Pub Date : 2016-07-01

A V Bayramov, F M Eroshkin, A V Borodulin, N Yu Martynova, G V Ermakova, A G Zaraisky

引用次数: 0

[Geometry of Movement of the Outer Surface of the Embryo during Xenopus Gastrulation]. [非洲爪蟾原肠胚形成过程中胚胎外表面运动的几何学]。

Ontogenez Pub Date : 2016-07-01

E G Korvin-Pavlovskaya, V G Cherdantsev

{"title":"[Geometry of Movement of the Outer Surface of the Embryo during Xenopus Gastrulation].","authors":"E G Korvin-Pavlovskaya, V G Cherdantsev","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The surface of Xenopus laevis embryos was marked with carbon particles, after which the location\u0000of mark groups was recorded by time-lapse video imaging and subsequent image analysis until their disappearance\u0000in the depth of gastric invagination. Measuring the distances between individually identifiable\u0000marks whose size is smaller than the size of a single cell makes it possible to quantitatively analyze the geometry\u0000of collective cell movement without any external coordinate system. During the dorsal blastopore lip\u0000(DBL) formation, the invagination of surface cells fundamentally differs from the preceding and subsequent\u0000lateromedial (LM) intercalation, being associated with a decrease in the meridional distance and an increase\u0000in the latitudinal distance between the marked surface sites. The sites that began to move towards the DBL\u0000later overtake the areas that started movement earlier, which leads to a “plug” in the movement of cells. Pushing\u0000the “plug” into the inner layers by changing the DBL shape becomes the rate-limiting stage of gastrulation;\u0000then, the directed cell movement is replaced by epiboly based on LM intercalation when the marks\u0000remaining on the outer surface of the marginal zone diverge along its meridians without directed migration\u0000towards the blastopore. As a result, directional movement of cells and LM intercalation become successive\u0000phases of collective cell movement, and the entire morphogenesis of DBL is the direct consequence of epiboly\u0000deceleration occurring upon gastric invagination.","PeriodicalId":19673,"journal":{"name":"Ontogenez","volume":"47 4","pages":"251-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36539059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Hox Genes and Animal Regeneration]. Hox基因和动物再生。

Ontogenez Pub Date : 2016-07-01

E L Novikova, N I Bakalenko, A Y Nesterenko, M A Kulakova

{"title":"[Hox Genes and Animal Regeneration].","authors":"E L Novikova, N I Bakalenko, A Y Nesterenko, M A Kulakova","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of regeneration is intimately associated with ideas about positional information, that\u0000is, the distribution of various signals prescribing cells their location in an embryo or an adult organism. Hox\u0000genes are perfect candidates for the role of factors creating positional information. Their main function is\u0000thought to be regionalization of the embryo and the determination of the anterior/posterior (A/P) axis of the\u0000bilaterian body according to the rules of temporal and spatial colinearity. At the same time, Hox genes are\u0000also expressed postembryonically and may participate in various processes in the adult body. In particular,\u0000Hox genes are involved in regeneration, as shown on animals from different evolutionary clades. During reparation\u0000Hox genes are responsible for regionalization and specification of the newly formed structures, which\u0000reflects their embryonic role. This is not all, however. Hox transcription patterns in some adult organisms and\u0000their expression dynamics after damage suggest that Hox genes are involved in creating positional information\u0000in the adult body. This information is necessary for consistent reparation, while its fast reorganization may\u0000accelerate the reparative process.","PeriodicalId":19673,"journal":{"name":"Ontogenez","volume":"47 4","pages":"209-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36537266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Phenotypic Differentiation of Neurons in Intraocular Transplants]. [眼内移植神经元表型分化]。

Ontogenez Pub Date : 2016-05-01

Z N Zhuravleva, S S Hutsyan, G I Zhuravlev

{"title":"[Phenotypic Differentiation of Neurons in Intraocular Transplants].","authors":"Z N Zhuravleva, S S Hutsyan, G I Zhuravlev","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Neurochemical differentiation of neurons in transplants developing in rat anterior eye chamber\u0000was studied. Pieces of the somatosensory neocortex area, isolated from 17-day fetuses of Wistar rats, were\u0000used for the transplantation. The general cytological analysis and immunochemical identification of GABAergic\u0000neurons in neocortical transplants and in the appropriate brain area of the recipient rats (control) were\u0000carried out after 6 months. Cytoarchitectonics typical for neocortex was not revealed in the transplants. Furthermore,\u0000a 1.4-fold decrease in numerical density of the entire neuron population was found compared to\u0000the control. The proportion of GABAergic nerve cells in the transplanted tissue was reduced even more dramatically—\u0000by 13.1 times. The dimensions of all types of neurons, especially GABAergic cells, were greater in\u0000the transplants in oculo compared to neocortex in situ. The increase in size occurred mostly due to the cytoplasm.\u0000Thus, the nuclei of GABA-positive neurons in the transplants were larger by 1.2 times compared to the\u0000control and their perikarya were larger by 1.5 times. The obtained results showed that the conditions in the\u0000anterior eye chamber the most dramatically affect the differentiation of GABAergic neurons, and cell hypertrophy,\u0000probably, is the functional compensation of the decrease in their number. Considering the literature\u0000data on the increased excitability and synchronized neuronal activity in the intraocular transplants, it can be\u0000assumed that these transplants can be used as a model for studying the cellular mechanisms of nervous tissue\u0000epileptization under disinhibition conditions.","PeriodicalId":19673,"journal":{"name":"Ontogenez","volume":"47 3","pages":"181-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36538991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Morphoecological Aspects of Preimaginal Stages of Development of the Parasitic Wasp Minotetrastichus frontalis (Nees, 1834)(Insecta, Hymenoptera, Eulophidae)]. [小叶寄生蜂(Minotetrastichus frontalis, Nees, 1834)(昆虫亚目，膜翅目，蜂科)的前想象发育阶段的形态生态学研究]。

Ontogenez Pub Date : 2016-05-01

A V Mishchenko, N A Lengesova, N G Kuklina, O M Kostina, A V Solov’ev, E I Antonova, L V Omelyanchuk

引用次数: 0

[Adaptation of the Seed Reproduction System to Conditions of Maritime Antarctic in Deschampsia antarctica E. Desv.]. [Deschampsia antarctica E. Desv.].种子繁殖系统对海洋南极条件的适应。

Ontogenez Pub Date : 2016-05-01

O I Yudakova, V S Tyrnov, V A Kunakh, I A Kozeretskaya, I Yu Parnikoza

{"title":"[Adaptation of the Seed Reproduction System to Conditions of Maritime Antarctic in Deschampsia antarctica E. Desv.].","authors":"O I Yudakova, V S Tyrnov, V A Kunakh, I A Kozeretskaya, I Yu Parnikoza","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Deschampsia antarctica E. Desv. is one of the two flowering plants that, along with Colobanthus\u0000quitensis (Kunth) Bartl., was able to settle the ice-free areas of Antarctica. In order to identify the possible\u0000adaptations of the D. antarctica reproductive system to adverse environmental conditions, comparative cytoembryological\u0000analysis of plants of this species growing on the Antarctic Peninsula with plants of the closely\u0000related species D. beringensis Hult. from the Kamchatka Peninsula was conducted. It was found that both species\u0000are characterized by sexual mode of reproduction, equal size of pollen grains (25.5 ± 2.2 and 26.2 ± 1.9 μm,\u0000respectively), same features of the embryo sac structure, and emryo- and endospermogenesis. Interspecies\u0000differences have been found in mature embryo sac size (326.8 ± 12.8 and 161.7 ± 10.4 μm), pollen sterility\u0000percentage (86.1 ± 8.9 and 35.3 ± 9.2%), and quantity of pollen in the anthers (140 ± 15.3 and 1578 ± 88.6).\u0000Possible causes and significance of these differences are discussed. No unique adaptations of seed reproduction\u0000system that are inherent exclusively to D. antarctica were found. The D. antarctica reproduction strategy\u0000is based on the combination of autogamy (and its extreme form cleistogamy) with production of excess pollen\u0000quantity for its mode of pollination.","PeriodicalId":19673,"journal":{"name":"Ontogenez","volume":"47 3","pages":"170-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36538988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0