Paediatric Respiratory Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Treatable traits in children with bronchiectasis.","authors":"Joséphine Annereau, Apolline Gonsard, Rola Abou Taam, Christophe Delacourt, Charlotte Roy, Anaïs Le, Isabelle Sermet-Gaudelus, Alice Hadchouel, David Drummond","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2026.02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2026.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bronchiectasis in children is a heterogeneous, chronic respiratory condition for which standardised, evidence-based management is essential. While international guidelines have improved diagnostic and therapeutic consistency, the treatable traits (TT) approach offers a complementary precision-medicine framework aimed at identifying all clinically relevant, measurable, and modifiable factors in individual patients. Through a comprehensive literature review, we identified 40 potential TT in paediatric bronchiectasis, spanning aetiological, pulmonary, extrapulmonary, and behavioural/environmental domains. However, the level of evidence supporting many TT remains limited in children, with most data extrapolated from adults or other respiratory diseases. This framework should therefore be considered dynamic, guiding systematic assessment while emphasising the urgent need for paediatric-specific clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146257973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term non-invasive ventilation in children with central nervous system disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Dalal A Alzaid, Florence Birru, Mohammed M AlBalawi, Bashar Alkhaledi, Prabhjot K Bedi, Summer Hudson, Tamer Abusido, Maria L Castro-Codesal, Deborah Olmstead, Joanna E MacLean","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2026.02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2026.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Long-term non-invasive ventilation (LT-NIV) is commonly used to treat sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD) in children. Children with central nervous system (CNS) disorders experience a high rate of SRBDs. However, the outcomes of LT-NIV use for children with CNS disorders remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review is a sub-study of a scoping review on LT-NIV use in children. The scoping review search strategy identified studies of children using LT-NIV from January 1990 to March 2024. These results were searched for studies of children with CNS disorders. To identify studies for meta-analysis, studies were grouped as: 1) studies of children with CNS disorders as part of broader a broader group of children using LT-NIV; 2) studies exclusively of children with CNS disorders using LT-NIV; and 3) studies of children with congenital central hypoventilation syndrome using LT-NIV. The Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions tool was used to assessed risk of bias.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 55 studies met inclusion criteria and included 2,015 children with CNS disorders using LT-NIV. Nineteen studies reported outcomes specific to children with CNS disorders. Meta-analysis of four studies showed no difference in mortality between children with and without CNS disorders(1.23, 95% CI: 0.40-3.79). Hospitalization rates across four studies suggested a higher rate of hospitalization in children with CNS disorders compared to children without CNS disorders. Meta-analysis of three studies showed reductions in the apnoea-hypopnoea index following LT-NIV use; the response to LT-NIV, however, varied across individual studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LT-NIV use may benefit some children with CNS disorders, particularly through improvements in sleep-related breathing disorders. However, data remain limited, and uncertainty persists regarding the impact on mortality, hospitalization, and other important outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146220634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Update on paediatric lung transplantation: an overview of a challenging therapeutic.","authors":"Charlotte Roy","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2026.01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2026.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Paediatric lung transplantation is a rare but increasingly successful therapeutic option for children with end-stage respiratory failure. Over the past decade, its epidemiology has shifted, with cystic fibrosis becoming an uncommon indication and a growing proportion of candidates presenting with interstitial lung disease or pulmonary arterial hypertension. In parallel, advances in donor allocation, the development of size-reduction surgical techniques and the reconditioning of marginal lungs have expanded the donor pool and reduced waiting-list mortality, including in small children. Peri-operative improvements-including broader use of extracorporeal life support as a bridge to transplantation-have further strengthened early and long-term outcomes. At the same time, progress in infectious disease prophylaxis and antiviral therapy, coupled with a more refined understanding of rejection mechanisms, is reshaping post-transplant care. Together, these developments underscore the importance of early referral to specialised paediatric transplant centres to ensure timely assessment and optimal access to advanced supportive strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146019163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bubble CPAP in neonatal care: mechanisms, evidence, and pathways to optimization.","authors":"Amanda Gross, Emily R Campbell, Lidiaine Oliveira, Guilherme Sant'Anna, Wissam Shalish","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2025.12.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2025.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bubble continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a widely used non-invasive respiratory support strategy for neonates and is commonly employed in the management of preterm infants with respiratory distress. Bubble CPAP generates continuous distending pressure by submerging the distal expiratory limb in water, producing low-amplitude, high-frequency pressure oscillations as airflow escapes and bubbles into the water canister. These oscillations, which are transmitted back to the neonate, vary dynamically with airway and lung mechanics and may contribute to the physiological benefits observed with bubble CPAP. This review summarizes the historical context, physiological rationale, clinical evidence supporting bubble CPAP, and areas for future optimization.</p>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145994122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors for obstructive sleep apnoea in obese children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Catharina Tao, Mary Fortune, Emma A Webb, Theofilos Polychronakis","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2025.12.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2025.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is prevalent among children with obesity and is associated with long-term morbidity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of risk factors for OSA among children (0-18) who are overweight/obese. Risk factors reviewed included overall adiposity, regional fat distribution, adenotonsillar hypertrophy, sex, ethnicity, and airway neuromuscular tone. PubMed and Embase were searched in July 2025. Random-effects models were applied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-seven studies were included. Children with OSA had higher BMI z-scores (mean difference (MD) = 0.30), neck circumference (MD = 2.19 cm), and waist circumference (MD = 5.99 cm) compared to obese children without OSA. Adenotonsillar hypertrophy and male sex associated with higher OSA odds (adenoid odds ratio (OR) = 3.28, tonsil OR = 4.16, Male OR = 1.51). Studies also suggested airway neuromuscular tone and non-Caucasian ethnicity as risk factors, but further research is needed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>OSA in obese children is likely to be multifactorial. Assessment accounting for multiple factors may improve screening accuracy and guide targeted interventions in this high-risk population.</p>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145944648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lung trajectories into adulthood of preterm born survivors and the influence of sex.","authors":"Dinh Son Bui, Cassidy Du Berry, Nur Sabrina Idrose, Jeanie L Y Cheong, Shyamali Dharmage","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2025.12.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2025.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Preterm birth is increasingly recognised as a major determinant of lifelong respiratory health. Longitudinal studies consistently demonstrate that individuals born preterm have persistently worse lung function from childhood to adulthood compared with their term born peers. These adverse effects vary across gestational categories including extremely preterm, very preterm and moderate-late preterm birth, and are further exacerbated by bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Pooled analyses show that children or adults born preterm without BPD had 7.2% [95 confidence interval (CI): 5.6-8.7%] lower percent predicted FEV₁ than term-born individuals. The %FEV₁ deficit was greater in those with BPD: 18.9% [16.7-21.1%] lower for the BPD₃₆ group when compared with the term born group. Lung function deficits in pre-term born survivors persist into adult life. Preterm birth is also associated with increased risk of COPD in later life. There is evidence that male sex confers additional vulnerability in pre-term survivors, with recent literature showing poorer lung function in males compared with females. Understanding these relationships is central to developing future phenotyping frameworks, enabling early identification of those at greatest risk, and informing surveillance strategies aimed at preserving lung function and preventing early onset of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145952176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Home intravenous antibiotics for cystic fibrosis - setting up a hospital @home service.","authors":"Nicola Collins, Caroline Devon, Siân Bentley, Emma Dixon, Delyth Jones, Suzie Kenny, Sukeshi Makhecha, Sarah Moledina, Nicola Murray, Michèle Puckey, Chloe Worger, Ian M Balfour-Lynn","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2025.12.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2025.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper reviews the use of home intravenous antibiotics (IVABs) in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). We outline a program we developed during the COVID-19 pandemic for enhancing the experience for children and families by involving full multidisciplinary follow up via video for the duration of the antibiotic course. We did find though, that the majority of families were unsuitable for home IVABs. We hope that this information will be useful for other CF units considering setting up a hospital at home service.</p>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145864403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cleft palate surgery and speech outcomes in children with Robin sequence","authors":"Curtis Budden ,&nbsp;Loredana Cuglietta ,&nbsp;Amir Sadri","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>Robin sequence (RS) is diagnosed by the clinical triad of micrognathia<span>, glossoptosis, and airway obstruction. The reported occurrence is variable and noted in 1:8,500 to 1:20,000 live births. Although advances in perinatal imaging, </span></span>neonatal resuscitation<span><span>, non-invasive respiratory support and surgical techniques can mitigate against </span>adverse outcomes, there remains much debate as to the best treatment for children born with RS. This review will outline surgical treatment of cleft palate and speech outcomes for children with RS.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"56 ","pages":"Pages 55-60"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143524007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Overlooked and underdone: Treatment of ear and nasal problems in children","authors":"Dominic A. Fitzgerald ,&nbsp;Hannah North","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2025.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2025.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"56 ","pages":"Pages 1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144963859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measles is misery: A brief update for paediatricians","authors":"Nichkamol Lertamornkitti ,&nbsp;Philip N. Britton","doi":"10.1016/j.prrv.2025.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prrv.2025.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Measles is an important vaccine-preventable disease that has re-emerged in recent years. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, interruptions to routine immunisation programs and declining vaccine coverage have altered the incidence and patterns of respiratory virus infections. Global outbreaks have intensified, and vaccine hesitancy is recognised as major health threat. Revisiting the clinical presentation of measles is crucial for early diagnosis and to reduce transmission of this highly contagious infection. As serious respiratory and neurological complications can follow natural infection and no specific antiviral therapy is available, vaccination remains the most effective strategy for prevention and control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19658,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","volume":"56 ","pages":"Pages 24-28"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145513396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}