Optometry and Vision Science最新文献

{"title":"Authors' response. Optom Vis Sci 2024;101:237.","authors":"","doi":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002166","DOIUrl":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002166","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19649,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and Vision Science","volume":"101 7","pages":"493"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141902567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tear α-synuclein as a biomarker for Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Prince Kwaku Akowuah, Ebenezer Owusu, David Totoe","doi":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002168","DOIUrl":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Parkinson's disease symptoms mostly manifest after significant and irreversible neuropathology. Hence, there is a need to identify biomarkers that can provide indications of disease before significant neuronal degeneration occurs.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To estimate the difference in the concentration of α-synuclein protein in tears between individuals with Parkinson's disease and healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The last database search was on December 20, 2023.</p><p><strong>Study eligibility criteria: </strong>Primary prospective studies in humans measuring the level of α-synuclein in tears and clinical outcomes reported using mean or median.</p><p><strong>Participants and interventions: </strong>Individuals with Parkinson's disease and healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Study appraisal and synthesis methods: </strong>The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The I2 statistic was used to estimate heterogeneity. The outcome measure was the difference in tear total and oligomeric α-synuclein. Mean difference (MD) was used to assess the outcome. The certainty of evidence was rated following the Grading of Recommendations Assessment and Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three hundred twenty-seven Parkinson's disease and 312 healthy control subjects from five studies and 177 Parkinson's disease and 166 healthy control subjects from two studies were included in total α-synuclein levels and oligomeric α-synuclein levels analysis, respectively. Total α-synuclein level was not different between Parkinson's disease and healthy controls (MD = 0.02 ng/mL [95% confidence interval {CI}: 0.00 to 0.05 ng/mL; I2 = 90%; Z = 1.79; p=0.07; number of studies = 5; GRADE rating = very low]). Stratifying the data based on disease duration, total α-synuclein was higher in subjects with Parkinson's disease duration ≥7 years compared with healthy controls (MD = 0.04 ng/mL [95% CI: 0.03 to 0.05 ng/mL; I2 = 0%; Z = 8.24, p<0.00001; number of studies = 2; GRADE rating = low]) but not different between the two groups (MD = -0.12 ng/mL (95% CI: -0.38 to 0.15 ng/mL; I2 = 93%; Z = 0.84, p=0.40; number of studies = 3; GRADE rating = very low]). Oligomeric α-synuclein level was higher in Parkinson's disease compared with controls (MD = 6.50 ng/mL [95% CI: 2.79 to 10.20 ng/mL; I2 = 94%; Z = 3.44; p=0.0006; number of studies = 2; GRADE rating = very low]).</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>High heterogeneity between studies. Potential sources of heterogeneity could not be explored due to the limited number of studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and implications of key findings: </strong>Tear α-synuclein has the potential to be a noninvasive biomarker for Parkinson's disease. Studies are, however, needed to increase certainty in the biomarker and establish how the protein's changes in tears correlate with Parkinson's diseas","PeriodicalId":19649,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and Vision Science","volume":" ","pages":"485-492"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141879227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Optics of the Human Eye, 2nd ed.","authors":"Samantha Strong","doi":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002170","DOIUrl":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002170","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19649,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and Vision Science","volume":"101 7","pages":"450"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141902568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Test time affects Farnsworth D15 outcomes in practiced, but not unpracticed, subjects with color vision deficiency.","authors":"Anne Arah Cho, Jason S Ng","doi":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002159","DOIUrl":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Imposing a time limit on the Farnsworth D15 test may prevent patients from compromising the test.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effect of test time on the Farnsworth D15 color vision test in unpracticed and practiced subjects and determine an optimal test time.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-one subjects (mean/standard deviation age, 33.1/9.3 years) with a range of congenital color vision deficiency participated in the study. Pseudoisochromatic plate screening, Farnsworth D15, and anomaloscope testing were performed for classification purposes. At each of 2 visits, 10 trials of the Farnsworth D15 were performed with a range in test times from 30 seconds to 10 minutes. Between visits, subjects practiced the test. Major crossovers were used as the outcome measure. A repeated-measures analysis of variance compared the scores across trials. Post hoc Dunnett's testing analyzed the pairwise data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Although no significant difference in the mean number of major crossovers was found across the 10 trials for the first visit ( F (9, 180) = 1.30, p=0.24), a significant difference was found for the second visit ( F (9, 180) = 4.77, p<0.001). The range of mean number of major crossovers for the second visit was 1.71 to 5.1, with the 30-second trial resulting in the largest number of major crossovers and the longest trial resulting in the smallest number of major crossovers. Analysis showed that a 2-minute time limit resulted in a Farnsworth D15 outcome that would be expected based on the anomaloscope for a majority of subjects.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this study, test time was found to affect performance in practiced subjects but not in unpracticed subjects. Based on this study, we recommend enforcing a time limit of 2 minutes to discourage those who try to pass the Farnsworth D15 through practice. Additional measures, such as recording patient behavior, can also be taken.</p>","PeriodicalId":19649,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and Vision Science","volume":" ","pages":"477-484"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141734767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in vision impairment research.","authors":"Susana T L Chung","doi":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002163","DOIUrl":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002163","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19649,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and Vision Science","volume":"101 6","pages":"287-289"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141580434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using natural language processing to link patients' narratives to visual capabilities and sentiments.","authors":"Dongcheng He, Susana T L Chung","doi":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002154","DOIUrl":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Analyzing narratives in patients' medical records using a framework that combines natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning may help uncover the underlying patterns of patients' visual capabilities and challenges that they are facing and could be useful in analyzing big data in optometric research.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The primary goal of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of applying a framework that combines NLP and machine learning to analyze narratives in patients' medical records. To test and validate our framework, we applied it to analyze records of low vision patients and to address two questions: Was there association between patients' narratives related to activities of daily living and the quality of their vision? Was there association between patients' narratives related to activities of daily living and their sentiments toward certain \"assistive items\"?</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Our dataset consisted of 616 records of low vision patients. From patients' complaint history, we selected multiple keywords that were related to common activities of daily living. Sentences related to each keyword were converted to numerical data using NLP techniques. Machine learning was then applied to classify the narratives related to each keyword into two categories, labeled based on different \"factors of interest\" (acuity, contrast sensitivity, and sentiments of patients toward certain \"assistive items\").</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using our proposed framework, when patients' narratives related to specific keywords were used as input, our model effectively predicted the categories of different factors of interest with promising performance. For example, we found strong associations between patients' narratives and their acuity or contrast sensitivity for certain activities of daily living (e.g., \"drive\" in association with acuity and contrast sensitivity).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite our limited dataset, our results show that the proposed framework was able to extract the semantic patterns stored in medical narratives and to predict patients' sentiments and quality of vision.</p>","PeriodicalId":19649,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and Vision Science","volume":"101 6","pages":"379-387"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11245166/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141580435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of perceptual learning in low vision: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Adela S Y Park, Ginny H T Wong, Ken W S Tan, Blossom W S Cheung, Mark Oremus, Allen M Y Cheong, Benjamin Thompson","doi":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002157","DOIUrl":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Visual perceptual learning (PL) shows promise for enhancing visual functions in individuals with visual impairment.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of PL in improving visual function.</p><p><strong>Study eligibility: </strong>Eligible studies were those examining the efficacy of PL in individuals with low vision.</p><p><strong>Study appraisal and synthesis methods: </strong>The review protocol was registered with the international Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (ID CRD42022327545) and adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Screened studies were synthesized using random-effects meta-analysis and narrative synthesis following Synthesis Without Meta-analysis guidelines. The quality of the evidence was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool and the JBI Critical Appraisal Tool for Quasi-Experimental studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty studies were included, covering various visual impairments and employing different PL interventions. Most studies had low risk of bias. Meta-analysis showed significant improvement in visual search for individuals with cortical blindness (Hedges' g = 0.71; 95% confidence interval, 0.48 to 0.93; p=0.002); all other analyses did not show significant improvements-reading in central vision loss and cortical blindness, and visual field in peripheral vision loss and cortical blindness. However, the narrative synthesis provided evidence showing effectiveness, particularly in individuals with central vision loss and cortical blindness, demonstrating positive effects on reading, contrast sensitivity, visual field, and motion perception.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Variations in study design, PL protocols, outcome measures, and measurement methods introduced heterogeneity, limiting the analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The efficacy of PL in vision rehabilitation remains uncertain. Although meta-analysis results were mostly inconclusive, the narrative synthesis indicated improved visual functions following PL, consistent with individual study findings.</p><p><strong>Implications of key findings: </strong>Future research should optimize intervention parameters, explore long-term effects, and assess generalizability across diverse populations and visual impairment etiologies. Larger randomized controlled trials using standardized outcome measures are needed to advance the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":19649,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and Vision Science","volume":"101 6","pages":"305-320"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141580377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life space limitations in visually impaired older adults.","authors":"Ava K Bittner, Micaela Gobeille, Alexis G Malkin, Jeffrey Ho, Cecilia Idman-Rait, Max Estabrook, Nicole C Ross","doi":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002150","DOIUrl":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Future work should develop and evaluate interventional strategies to help overcome visual and health-related barriers to travel in visually impaired seniors and mitigate adverse impacts of loneliness for those who do not leave town.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Life space refers to the area in which a person travels within a given time period. We explored whether demographics, vision, and/or health characteristics were related to restrictions in self-reported life space for visually impaired seniors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Visually impaired (n = 114) clinical trial participants aged ≥55 years learned visual assistive iPhone apps and completed the following baseline questionnaires: Life Space, 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey, University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale, and New-General Self-efficacy Scale. Multiple logistic regressions evaluated associations between life space and patient factors after accounting for their distance to the next county or state.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During 2021 to 2023, 17%, 43%, and 70% of participants had not left their town, county, or state, respectively, in the past 3 months, or planned to in the next 3 months. Those with reduced distance best-corrected visual acuity had greater odds of not leaving the county in these time frames (odds ratio [OR] = 3.5; p=0.04). Minority race was associated with greater odds of not leaving town or the county in the past 2 weeks or future 3 months (OR = 4.3 to 6.4; p=0.009 to 0.049). Increased self-efficacy was associated with reduced odds of not leaving the state in the past 3 months, next 3 months, or past and/or future 3 months (OR = 0.54 to 0.55; p=0.02 to 0.03). Better physical function was associated with reduced odds of not leaving the state in the past 2 weeks or 3 months (OR = 0.96 to 0.98; p=0.01 to 0.04). Increased loneliness was related to greater odds of not leaving town in the past and/or future 3 months (OR = 1.8 to 2.0; p=0.007 to 0.009).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Minority race, reduced vision, self-efficacy, and physical health were related to life space restrictions in this cohort of visually impaired seniors, whereas loneliness was greater among those who were not leaving town.</p>","PeriodicalId":19649,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and Vision Science","volume":"101 6","pages":"321-328"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141580380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of illumination on the visibility of steps and ramps for people with low vision.","authors":"Quan Lei, Rachel Gage, Daniel Kersten, Gordon E Legge","doi":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002146","DOIUrl":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Poor visibility of indoor features such as steps and ramps can pose mobility hazards for people with low vision. For purposes of architectural design, it is important to understand how design parameters such as the illumination level of an indoor space affect the visibility of steps and ramps.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study was aimed to examine the effect of typical variation in photopic illumination level in an indoor space on the visibility of steps and ramps for individuals with low vision.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Steps and ramps were constructed in a large windowless room illuminated by overhead lights. Subjects with low vision completed a 5-alternative forced choice task to recognize the targets at three levels of photopic illumination, i.e., 800, 80, and 8 lux, and gave confidence ratings about their judgments on a 5-point scale. Acuities and contrast sensitivities of the subjects were also measured at each illumination level. For comparison, a group of normally sighted subjects with simulated acuity reduction also completed the step-and-ramp recognition task.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For both groups of subjects, recognition accuracy was not affected by illumination level. For subjects with low vision, however, there was a significant effect of illumination level on confidence rating: subjects became more confident about their judgments with increasing illumination. There was also a weak effect of illumination level on acuity and contrast sensitivity, both worsening with decreasing illumination. Recognition performance was best predicted by contrast sensitivity, whereas confidence was best predicted by visual acuity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Illumination variation over a typical photopic range in an indoor space had minimal effect on the objective visibility of steps and ramps for people with low vision. However, illumination level affected subjects' confidence in hazard recognition. Design decisions on parameters such as illumination should consider the consequences on both the objective and the subjective accessibility of a space.</p>","PeriodicalId":19649,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and Vision Science","volume":"101 6","pages":"399-407"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12077553/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141580382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of vision loss on attitudes toward autonomous vehicles: A vision-centric analysis.","authors":"Abigail M Kuborn, Shirin E Hassan","doi":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002145","DOIUrl":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Autonomous vehicles (AVs) have the promise to be an alternative transportation solution for those with vision loss. However, the impact of vision loss on the perceptions and concerns of AVs is unknown. This study therefore examined whether AVs are perceived differently by blind, visually impaired (VI), and normally sighted people.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study compared the perceptions of AVs among the blind, VI, and normally sighted.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants' opinions on four perception measures (general opinion, trust, impact on quality of life, and intention to use AVs) and nine concerns regarding AVs were measured. The survey was administered to 51 normally sighted, 68 VI, and 65 blind participants. Analyses of covariance assessed whether the four perception measures and nine concerns varied by vision status (normal vision, VI, blind) and driving status (driver, nondriver). Univariate correlations and multiple regression analyses identified associations and predictors of AV perceptions and concerns from demographic, mood, cognition, travel behavior, and vision measures, which included visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and visual field.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The blind (p<0.001), VI (p<0.001), and nondrivers (p<0.001) showed a greater intention to use AVs compared with those with normal vision and drivers. Similar findings were found for the other perception measures. As visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and visual field extent declined, positivity toward AVs increased (p<0.001). Visual field extent best predicted general opinion and trust in AVs, whereas driving measures were the best predictors of impact on quality of life and intention to use AVs. Concerns about AVs showed no differences based on vision (p=0.94) or driving (p=0.63) status.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Individuals with vision loss expressed more acceptance of AVs despite their concerns. How positive someone is toward AVs appears to be dependent on their visual field extent and driving status.</p>","PeriodicalId":19649,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and Vision Science","volume":"101 6","pages":"424-434"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141580383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}