Oral microbiology and immunology最新文献

{"title":"Fluoride, triclosan and organic weak acids as modulators of the arginine deiminase system in biofilms and suspension cells of oral streptococci.","authors":"E Barboza-Silva,&nbsp;A C D Castro,&nbsp;R E Marquis","doi":"10.1111/j.1399-302X.2008.00502.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-302X.2008.00502.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The arginine deiminase system (ADS) of oral bacteria is a major generator of alkali (ammonia) in dental plaque and is considered to have anticaries effects. However, many of the antimicrobial agents used in oral care products may reduce alkali production by the ADS. The objective of our work was to assess the sensitivity of the ADS of oral streptococci to commonly used antimicrobials, fluoride, triclosan and organic weak acids.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Streptococcus sanguinis NCTC 10904 and Streptococcus ratti FA-1 were grown in suspension cultures and mono-organism biofilms. ADS activity at pH values of 4, 5 and 6 was assessed, and the actions of the agents was determined in terms of reduced production of alkali from arginine, inhibition of ADS enzymes and changes in uptake of arginine.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ADS activity was not greatly affected by pH changes between 4 and 6 and was greater per unit of biomass for cell suspensions than for biofilms. NaF was a poor inhibitor, while triclosan was highly effective with a 50% inhibitory dose for the two organisms between 0.03 and 0.05 and between 0.10 and 0.15 mm-h for suspension cells and biofilms, respectively. The weak acid indomethacin was nearly as potent at pH 4.0 as triclosan, while capric and lauric acids were less potent, especially for biofilms. The methyl ester of lauric acid was slightly stimulatory. The major targets for the inhibitors appeared to be transport systems for arginine uptake, although carbamate kinase was a secondary target.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Triclosan, indomethacin, caprate and laurate can reduce ADS activity in dental plaque.</p>","PeriodicalId":19630,"journal":{"name":"Oral microbiology and immunology","volume":"24 4","pages":"265-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1399-302X.2008.00502.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28281233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The immune response of oral epithelial cells induced by single-species and complex naturally formed biofilms.","authors":"J Eberhard,&nbsp;R Pietschmann,&nbsp;W Falk,&nbsp;S Jepsen,&nbsp;H Dommisch","doi":"10.1111/j.1399-302X.2009.00518.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-302X.2009.00518.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In the oral cavity, the surfaces are constantly exposed to a complex variety of microorganisms organized in biofilms. As part of a sophisticated local immune response, gingival epithelial cells (GECs) express antimicrobial peptides, such as human beta-defensin-2 (hBD-2), ribonuclease 7 (RNAase-7), and psoriasin (PSO), and pro-inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin-8 (IL-8) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO). The aim of the present study was to test whether GECs show a differential immune response to single-species biofilms compared with multi-species biofilms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>GECs were cultured from biopsies derived from three different healthy donors (n = 3). To obtain naturally formed biofilm (NFB), polymer disks were attached to prostheses and carried intraorally for 12, 24, 36, and 48 h. In addition, single-species biofilms (SSB; Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus mitis) were cultured on polymer disks in vitro (12, 24, 36, and 48 h). The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of hBD-2, RNAase-7, PSO, IL-8, 5-LO, and glycerylaldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was analysed using semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In GECs, the hBD-2 mRNA expression was significantly upregulated in response to S. mitis-biofilm stimulation compared with S. mutans-biofilm stimulation (P < 0.0001). In contrast, the RNAase-7 mRNA expression was significantly higher in GECs when responding to both S. mutans biofilms and naturally formed biofilms compared with S. mitis biofilms (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.001, respectively). The IL-8 and 5-LO mRNA was significantly upregulated in response to S. mutans biofilms (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0002, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This in vitro study found biofilm-dependent expression of antimicrobial peptides and inflammatory mediators in GECs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19630,"journal":{"name":"Oral microbiology and immunology","volume":"24 4","pages":"325-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1399-302X.2009.00518.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28282349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and molecular diversity of Archaea in subgingival pockets of periodontitis patients.","authors":"C L Li,&nbsp;D L Liu,&nbsp;Y T Jiang,&nbsp;Y B Zhou,&nbsp;M Z Zhang,&nbsp;W Jiang,&nbsp;B Liu,&nbsp;J P Liang","doi":"10.1111/j.1399-302X.2009.00514.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-302X.2009.00514.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and molecular diversity of Archaea in the subgingival crevices of patients with chronic periodontitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Subgingival plaque was collected from 41 patients with chronic periodontitis and 15 healthy subjects. The prevalence of Archaea in those plaque samples was tested by polymerase chain reaction with two broad-range archaeal primer sets. Amplicons from eight Archaea-positive plaque samples were cloned and sequenced for molecular diversity analysis using one of these two primer sets and a novel third primer set.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Archaea were detected in the subgingival plaque of patients with chronic periodontitis at a prevalence of 70.7-73.2%, but were not detected in healthy subjects. Using one primer set, all sequences of the archaeal amplicons were identified as Methanobrevibacter oralis-like species. With another primer set, the amplicons were also found to be identical to the uncultured M. oralis-like species except one phylotype was found to belong to the class Thermoplasmata.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Archaea might be correlated with periodontal diseases. The diversity of Archaea associated with periodontitis was limited. Almost all sequenced amplicons fell into the genus Methanobrevibacter of the Euryarcheota phylum. M. oralis-like species was the predominant but non-exclusive archaeon in the subgingival dental plaque of patients with periodontitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19630,"journal":{"name":"Oral microbiology and immunology","volume":"24 4","pages":"343-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1399-302X.2009.00514.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28281127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human gingival fibroblasts release high-mobility group box-1 protein through active and passive pathways.","authors":"K Feghali,&nbsp;K Iwasaki,&nbsp;K Tanaka,&nbsp;M Komaki,&nbsp;M Machigashira,&nbsp;I Ishikawa,&nbsp;Y Izumi","doi":"10.1111/j.1399-302X.2009.00508.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-302X.2009.00508.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The nuclear protein high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) acts as a late mediator of inflammation when secreted in the extracellular milieu. In this study, we examined the effect of lipopolysaccharides from periodontal pathogens and apoptotic and necrotic cell death on HMGB1 production in human gingival fibroblasts (HGF).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>HGF from healthy periodontal tissue were cultured and stimulated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Escherichia coli. We also initiated apoptotic and necrotic cell deaths in HGF. The HMGB1 released in the supernatants from stimulated or dying cells was measured. Immunocytochemical staining against HMGB1 was performed in LPS-stimulated HGF.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significantly higher amount of HMGB1 was detected from necrotic and apoptotic HGF. LPS from A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, and E. coli significantly induced the production of HMGB1 in a time-dependent manner. After 6 h of LPS stimulation, HMGB1 was present in the cytoplasm of cells whereas its location was mainly nuclear after 24 h.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>LPS from two major periodontal pathogens, A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis, induced HMGB1 secretion from HGF. Apoptotic and necrotic cell deaths resulted in the enhancement of HMGB1. Our results suggest that HGF can be a source of HMGB1 by both active secretion and passive release, and that HMGB1 from HGF may contribute to periodontal tissue destruction.</p>","PeriodicalId":19630,"journal":{"name":"Oral microbiology and immunology","volume":"24 4","pages":"292-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1399-302X.2009.00508.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28282343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevotella intermedia ATCC 25611 targets host cell lamellipodia in epithelial cell adhesion and invasion.","authors":"U K Gursoy,&nbsp;E Könönen,&nbsp;V-J Uitto","doi":"10.1111/j.1399-302X.2009.00510.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-302X.2009.00510.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The Prevotella intermedia group bacteria, namely P. intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, and Prevotella pallens, are phylogenetically closely related and potentially connected with oral and gastrointestinal tract disease pathogenesis. The aim of the present study was to examine whether these species differ in their capabilities of adhesion to and invasion of epithelial cells.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adhesion and invasion were assayed by standard antibiotic/culture assays and fluorescent microscopy techniques. The effect of Prevotella strains on epithelial cell viability was measured using a commercial cell proliferation assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The strains P. intermedia ATCC 25611 and P. nigrescens ATCC 33263 adhered to epithelial cells, the adhesion numbers of P. intermedia being twice as high as those of P. nigrescens. These strains invaded epithelial cells but invasion was weak. The adhesion of P. intermedia was specifically targeted to epithelial cell lamellipodia. The number of adhered P. intermedia cells increased or decreased when the formation of lamellipodia was stimulated or inhibited, respectively. None of the tested strains showed toxic effects on epithelial cells; a clinical P. intermedia strain even increased the number of viable cells by about 20%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results suggest that among the P. intermedia group bacteria, P. intermedia and P. nigrescens type strains can adhere to and invade epithelial cells, the capability of P. intermedia ATCC 25611(T) being highest in this context. This strain proved to have a special affinity in binding to epithelial cell lamellipodia.</p>","PeriodicalId":19630,"journal":{"name":"Oral microbiology and immunology","volume":"24 4","pages":"304-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1399-302X.2009.00510.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28282345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progressive increase of human papillomavirus carriage rates in potentially malignant and malignant oral disorders with increasing malignant potential.","authors":"K Szarka,&nbsp;I Tar,&nbsp;E Fehér,&nbsp;T Gáll,&nbsp;A Kis,&nbsp;E D Tóth,&nbsp;R Boda,&nbsp;I Márton,&nbsp;L Gergely","doi":"10.1111/j.1399-302X.2009.00516.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-302X.2009.00516.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>We investigated the potential role of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) in potentially malignant oral disorders, oral leukoplakia (OL) and oral lichen planus (OLP), and in oral squamous cell cancer (OSCC) in an Eastern Hungarian population with a high incidence of OSCC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Excised tumor samples (65 OSCC patients) and exfoliated cells from potentially malignant lesions (from 44 and 119 patients with OL and OLP, respectively) as well as from healthy controls (72 individuals) were analysed. OLPs were classified based on clinical appearance, 61 patients had erosive-atrophic lesions (associated with higher malignancy risk, EA-OLP) and 58 had non-erosive non-atrophic lesions (with lower risk of becoming malignant, non-EA-OLP), respectively. Exfoliated cells collected from apparently healthy mucosa accompanied each lesion sample. HPV was detected by MY/GP polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and genotyped by restriction analysis of amplimers. Copy numbers in lesions were determined using real-time PCR. Prevalence rates, copy number distributions, and association with risk factors and diseases were analysed using chi-square test, t-test, and logistic regression, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We detected HPVs significantly more frequently in lesions than in controls (P < or = 0.001 in all comparisons). HPV prevalence increased gradually with increasing severity of lesions (32.8, 40.9, and 47.7% in OLP, OL, and OSCC, respectively). Copy number distribution patterns roughly corresponded to prevalence rates, but OLP and OL were comparable. HPV prevalence differed significantly between EA-OLP and non-EA-OLP groups (42.6 vs. 22.4%); EA-OLP group showed a prevalence similar to that found in OL.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HPVs may be involved in the development or progression of not only OSCC but also of potentially malignant oral lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19630,"journal":{"name":"Oral microbiology and immunology","volume":"24 4","pages":"314-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1399-302X.2009.00516.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28282347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Periodontitis lesions are the main source of salivary cytomegalovirus.","authors":"S Sahin,&nbsp;I Saygun,&nbsp;A Kubar,&nbsp;J Slots","doi":"10.1111/j.1399-302X.2009.00528.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-302X.2009.00528.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Herpesviruses play causal or cooperative roles in childhood infections, tumorigenesis, ulcerogenesis, and periodontitis. Saliva is a common vehicle of herpesvirus horizontal transmission, but the source of salivary herpesviruses remains obscure. To evaluate the significance of periodontal disease in shedding of oral herpesviruses, this study determined the genome-copy counts of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in whole saliva of subjects with periodontitis, gingivitis, or no natural teeth.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Whole saliva was collected from 14 periodontitis patients, 15 gingivitis patients and 13 complete denture wearers. The study subjects were systemically healthy and had not received periodontal treatment in the past 3 months. Real-time TaqMan polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the salivary load of HCMV and EBV.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Salivary HCMV was detected in seven (50%) periodontitis patients, but not in any gingivitis or edentulous subjects (P < 0.001). Salivary EBV was detected in 11 (79%) periodontitis patients, in five (33%) gingivitis patients, and in seven (54%) edentulous subjects (P = 0.076). Salivary samples showed copy counts of HCMV in the range of 3.3 x 10(3)-4.2 x 10(4)/ml and of EBV in the range of 3.6 x 10(2)-1.6 x 10(9)/ml.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HCMV and EBV are commonly present in the saliva of periodontitis patients. Periodontitis lesions of systemically healthy subjects seem to constitute the main origin of salivary HCMV, but do not comprise the sole source of salivary EBV.</p>","PeriodicalId":19630,"journal":{"name":"Oral microbiology and immunology","volume":"24 4","pages":"340-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1399-302X.2009.00528.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28281126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of phosphoglucosamine mutase on virulence properties of Streptococcus mutans.","authors":"X D Liu,&nbsp;J Duan,&nbsp;L H Guo","doi":"10.1111/j.1399-302X.2009.00503.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-302X.2009.00503.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Streptococcus mutans has been strongly implicated as the principal etiological agent in dental caries. As a gram-positive bacterium, S. mutans has a thick and compact cell wall to maintain the cell shape and protect the cells against mechanical or osmotic damage. Previous studies have proved that peptidoglycan is the main component of the cell wall involved in the autolysis or biofilm formation processes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we investigated the gene SMU.1426c in the amino-sugar metabolism pathway of S. mutans UA159, which encodes phosphoglucosamine mutase (GlmM). The glmM gene that functions in the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan has been well investigated in Escherichia coli. Here a glmM mutant strain of S. mutans UA159 was constructed and several virulence properties were investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mutant devoid of the glmM gene displayed long chains, reduced growth rate and increased autolysis. Biofilm formation by the mutant was found to be attenuated.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results proved that peptidoglycan biosynthesis plays an important part in a series of bacterial morphologies. The glmM gene may have a constructive role in the virulence properties of S. mutans.</p>","PeriodicalId":19630,"journal":{"name":"Oral microbiology and immunology","volume":"24 4","pages":"272-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1399-302X.2009.00503.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28281234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacteriophages induced from lysogenic root canal isolates of Enterococcus faecalis.","authors":"R H Stevens,&nbsp;O D Porras,&nbsp;A L Delisle","doi":"10.1111/j.1399-302X.2009.00506.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-302X.2009.00506.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Bacterial viruses play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of many systemic diseases. They are known to inhabit the oral cavity, both as free virions and as prophages in lysogenic bacterial strains; however, there has been no report of bacteriophages in endodontic infections. In this study, we sought to detect, isolate, and describe temperate bacteriophages harbored by Enterococcus faecalis strains isolated from endodontic infections.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ten E. faecalis strains were isolated from root canals of teeth undergoing retreatment following unsuccessful endodontic therapy. Mitomycin C was used to induce any prophages present in the bacterial isolates. The induced phages were purified and examined using electron microscopy. The DNA extracted from one of the phage isolates was subjected to restriction endonuclease digestion and agarose electrophoresis analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lysogeny was demonstrated in 4 of the 10 E. faecalis strains. Three of the lysogenic strains yielded phages exhibiting a Siphoviridae morphology, with long, non-contractile tails 130 nm in length, and spherical/icosahedral heads 41 nm in diameter. The virus induced from the fourth lysogenic E. faecalis strain had a contractile tail characteristic of Myoviridae. Restriction endonuclease analysis of NsiI and NdeI DNA fragments from one of the Siphoviridae phage isolates (phage phiEf11) indicated a genome size of approximately 41 kbp.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is the first report of lysogenic bacteria and their inducible viruses in infected root canals.</p>","PeriodicalId":19630,"journal":{"name":"Oral microbiology and immunology","volume":"24 4","pages":"278-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1399-302X.2009.00506.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28281235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proteomic analysis of endodontic infections by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.","authors":"R Nandakumar,&nbsp;N Madayiputhiya,&nbsp;A F Fouad","doi":"10.1111/j.1399-302X.2009.00520.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-302X.2009.00520.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Endodontic infections are very prevalent and have a polymicrobial etiology characterized by complex interrelationships between endodontic microorganisms and the host defenses. Proteomic analysis of endodontic infections can provide global insights into the invasion, pathogenicity mechanisms, and multifactorial interactions existing between root canal bacteria and the host in the initiation and progression of apical periodontitis. The purpose of this study was to apply proteomic techniques such as liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the identification of proteins of bacterial origin present in endodontic infections.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Endodontic specimens were aseptically obtained from seven patients with root canal infections. Protein mixtures were subjected to tryptic in-solution digestion and analysed by reverse-phase nano-LC-MS/MS followed by a database search.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Proteins, mainly of cell wall or membrane origin, from endodontic bacteria especially Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Treponema denticola were identified from all the samples tested. Identified proteins included adhesins, autolysins, proteases, virulence factors, and antibiotic-resistance proteins.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>LC-MS/MS offers a sensitive analytical platform to study the disease processes in the root canal environment. The array of proteins expressed in endodontic infections reflects the complex microbial presence and highlights the bacterial species involved in the inflammatory process.</p>","PeriodicalId":19630,"journal":{"name":"Oral microbiology and immunology","volume":"24 4","pages":"347-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1399-302X.2009.00520.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28281128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}