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[Physiology and pathophysiology of postnatal pulmonary adaptation. 2: Pathophysiology]. 出生后肺适应的生理和病理生理。2:病理生理学)。
Padiatrie und Grenzgebiete Pub Date : 1991-01-01
H Schwartze
{"title":"[Physiology and pathophysiology of postnatal pulmonary adaptation. 2: Pathophysiology].","authors":"H Schwartze","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Subject of this review is the pathophysiology of the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), the apnea, and the sudden-death infant syndrome (SIDS). The fatality rate of the RDS yet amounts to 24%. Preterm infants are preferably involved because of their deficient surfactant synthesis. The lack of surfactant causes atelectases, hyaline membranes, lung oedema, and augmentation of respiration work. Only towards the very end of gestation the amount of surfactant of the fetal lung increases rapidly so that the normal postnatal respiration is guaranteed. RDS produces a pathological circulatory situation with insufficiency of the right heart and congestion. The atrial natriuretic hormone is increased about tenfold in the serum of RDS-infants. Modern treatment of the RDS uses instillations of exogenous surfactants before the first breath. Apneic attacks are observed predominantly during REM-sleep. They seem to have pathological value only if they exceed 15 seconds. Infants with recurrent apnoea breathe periodically, they were mostly preterm newborns. Probably, the cause of recurrent apneic attacks are central regulatory deficits and adenosine may play an important pathological role as neurotransmitter. Arrhythmias of the heart including the QT-syndrome observed in SIDS-infants at risk may have the same central pathophysiological source.</p>","PeriodicalId":19624,"journal":{"name":"Padiatrie und Grenzgebiete","volume":"30 5","pages":"355-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13104135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Parental attitude and role perception in families of asthmatic children. 哮喘儿童家庭家长态度与角色认知。
Padiatrie und Grenzgebiete Pub Date : 1991-01-01
U Brook, A Shemesh
{"title":"Parental attitude and role perception in families of asthmatic children.","authors":"U Brook,&nbsp;A Shemesh","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The attitude of the parents of 30 asthmatic children, was studied in four subjects: 1) Parental behavior, 2) modes of coping with every day events, 3) parent-child communication, and 4) anxiety and fears towards the child's health. The following situations were observed: The parents of asthmatic children showed a higher level of anxiety towards the health of the children in comparison with parents in control group (p less than 0.01). The coping modes of Israeli born parents scored higher than parents born in North Africa or Asia. Parents from other countries scored the lowest of the three (p = 0.004). The behavior pattern of parents of children with mild asthma was more controlled than parents of children with severe asthma (p less than 0.05). Chronic and prolonged asthma cause a decrease in communication between the parents and child (P less than 0.05). The number of children in the family has a direct effect upon the degree of the parent's anxiety towards the child's health. Parents who have 1-2 children, one of which is asthmatic, were found to be more anxious than parents with 3-4 children. The above mentioned data influence the parental behavior, which was better when the first or second child was asthmatic than if he was the third or fourth child in the family. Coping with chronic disease of the asthmatic child should include medical and behavioral education of his parents by the medical and paramedical staff in the hospital and in the respiratory clinic.</p>","PeriodicalId":19624,"journal":{"name":"Padiatrie und Grenzgebiete","volume":"30 3","pages":"253-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13224208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Microbiological studies in children in nurseries (Study A)]. [托儿所儿童微生物学研究(研究A)]。
Padiatrie und Grenzgebiete Pub Date : 1991-01-01
I Passauer, C Beckmann, P Wiesner
{"title":"[Microbiological studies in children in nurseries (Study A)].","authors":"I Passauer,&nbsp;C Beckmann,&nbsp;P Wiesner","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>From 1986 to 1988 76 children, aged from 13 to 36 months, being in 8 créches of a large town were tested microbiologically in the phases: healthy (0), initial phase of acute respiratory disease (A), 2nd and 4th week of convalescence (R2, R4). It was possible to proof bacteria 253 times. 17 various kinds of bacteria were found. Bacteria of catarrhal group (30.8%) and streptococcus pneumoniae (28.4%) dominated among other bacteria. In phase 0 they were isolated in 24% of the children, in phase A in nearly 50%, in phase R2 and R4 in 21 and 14%, respectively in 26 and 25%. Most kinds of bacteria followed this trend. This was not the case with the virological and mycological results. 14 isolations of viruses with 10 various kinds and 30 viro-serological proofs of 8 various kinds did not reflect the actual situation with only 2 quadruple increases of titre during the disease. The detection rate of Candida albicans (24% in healthy) is situated in value expected. Conclusions are drawn.</p>","PeriodicalId":19624,"journal":{"name":"Padiatrie und Grenzgebiete","volume":"30 4","pages":"295-303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13084128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Microbiological studies on nursery children susceptible to infections]. [易感幼儿微生物学研究]
Padiatrie und Grenzgebiete Pub Date : 1991-01-01
I Passauer, C Beckmann, P Wiesner
{"title":"[Microbiological studies on nursery children susceptible to infections].","authors":"I Passauer,&nbsp;C Beckmann,&nbsp;P Wiesner","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In a microbiological paper from 1986 to 1988 dealing with 76 children aged from 13 to 36 months in 8 crèches of a large town, it could be found that 24 of these children were susceptible to infections and it is established that there were 3-9 bacteria per child. The most important bacteria were: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, haemolytic streptococci. But bacteria of the catarrhal group played a certain role, too. In 8 of these children dispositional factors and factors caused by exterior conditions of life (risk factors) could be shown, in 50% out of them a prolonged convalescence and in 50% after 4 weeks a reinfection after acute respiratory disease (ARD). The course of phases of ARD (initial phase, 2. and 4. week of convalescence) is introduced from microbiological view at all children. We point out the meaning of microbiological diagnostics with subsequent aiming sanitation by children susceptible to infections with risk factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":19624,"journal":{"name":"Padiatrie und Grenzgebiete","volume":"30 4","pages":"305-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13084129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Assessment of respiratory physiology signals in very low-weight newborn infant with respiratory deficiency]. [极低体重新生儿呼吸缺陷的呼吸生理信号评估]。
Padiatrie und Grenzgebiete Pub Date : 1991-01-01
G Schmalisch, R R Wauer, S Gebhard, P Mundt
{"title":"[Assessment of respiratory physiology signals in very low-weight newborn infant with respiratory deficiency].","authors":"G Schmalisch,&nbsp;R R Wauer,&nbsp;S Gebhard,&nbsp;P Mundt","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. Lung function tests in newborn babies breathing spontaneously were performed commonly using a pneumotachometer to measure the tidal volume and an esophageal catheter to measure the transpulmonary pressure changes. 2. The quality of the measured signals depends on the breath-to-breath variability of the signals as well as on the frequency of different artifacts and disturbances due to physiological interferences. 3. The evaluation of the signals in very low birth weight infants with respiratory distress is often difficult due to the irregular pattern of respiration, the reduced signal-noise-ratio and the high number of artifacts. 4. The subjective assessment of the quality of 115 records of respiratory signals has shown that 54% of all records can be evaluated easily, in 40.8% the evaluation was difficult and in 5.2% an evaluation was not possible. 5. The qualitative analysis of respiratory signals shows that in this age group the computer-aided signal evaluation requires a new view in the detection and elimination of artifacts as well as in the calculation of characteristic results from a sufficient number of evaluated breathing cycles.</p>","PeriodicalId":19624,"journal":{"name":"Padiatrie und Grenzgebiete","volume":"30 5","pages":"369-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13104136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Passive smoking and positive intracutaneous allergen tests in children with respiratory diseases]. [被动吸烟与呼吸道疾病患儿皮内过敏原检测呈阳性]。
Padiatrie und Grenzgebiete Pub Date : 1991-01-01
J St Jordanov, P Abadjieva, J Bakalov
{"title":"[Passive smoking and positive intracutaneous allergen tests in children with respiratory diseases].","authors":"J St Jordanov, P Abadjieva, J Bakalov","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In children with respiratory disease (bronchitis, pneumonia and bronchial asthma) skin hypersensitivity towards tobacco leaf crude extract has been tested and related to urinary cotinine level, the latter being most informative in assessing exposure to cigarette smoke. Besides routine intracutaneous tests a mixture of seven main brands of Bulgarian tobaccos (Burley, Virginia, Oriental etc.) has been applied as allergen. Urinary cotinine has been estimated by the method of BARLOW et al. [1]. Skin sensitization towards tobacco was positive in 2 (8%) of the children hospitalized for pneumonia and bronchitis and in 8 (47%) of children with bronchial asthma, followed up as outpatients. Cotinine concentrations were 66 mumol.l-1 and 107 mumol.l-1, respectively compared to 34 mumol.l-1 and 37 mumol.l-1 in healthy controls. Results outline the great importance of passive exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, an all the year round domestic pollutant in the home of smoking parents.</p>","PeriodicalId":19624,"journal":{"name":"Padiatrie und Grenzgebiete","volume":"30 5","pages":"389-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13104138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Jena longitudinal study of the growth of 0-3 year old children. 2: Percentile curves for body height, body weight, height related weight and growth rate]. 耶拿0-3岁儿童成长的纵向研究。2:身高、体重、身高相关体重和增长率的百分位曲线]。
Padiatrie und Grenzgebiete Pub Date : 1991-01-01
V Hesse, I Bernhardt, A Hofmann, H Kunath, G Hesse
{"title":"[Jena longitudinal study of the growth of 0-3 year old children. 2: Percentile curves for body height, body weight, height related weight and growth rate].","authors":"V Hesse,&nbsp;I Bernhardt,&nbsp;A Hofmann,&nbsp;H Kunath,&nbsp;G Hesse","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Charts for body length and height, body weight, and height- and weight velocity basing on a longitudinal study with 306 children from the newborn age to 3 years of age, are presented. Length and weight velocity are strongest in the time between the 4th and 8th week of life. From the first to the fourth trimester velocities decrease continuously.</p>","PeriodicalId":19624,"journal":{"name":"Padiatrie und Grenzgebiete","volume":"30 3","pages":"223-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13223588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Bacterial bone and joint infections in childhood--a review. 1. Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis]. 儿童期细菌性骨和关节感染——综述。1. 急性血液性骨髓炎]。
Padiatrie und Grenzgebiete Pub Date : 1991-01-01
W Handrick, W Tischer, W Braun, D Hörmann, F B Spencker, W Springer, G Schneider
{"title":"[Bacterial bone and joint infections in childhood--a review. 1. Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis].","authors":"W Handrick,&nbsp;W Tischer,&nbsp;W Braun,&nbsp;D Hörmann,&nbsp;F B Spencker,&nbsp;W Springer,&nbsp;G Schneider","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This is an overview of modern aspects concerning diagnostics and therapy in children with acute hematogenous osteomyelitis. A close cooperation of pediatricians, pediatric surgeons, microbiologists and radiologists in this field is essential.</p>","PeriodicalId":19624,"journal":{"name":"Padiatrie und Grenzgebiete","volume":"30 5","pages":"397-407"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13104139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Correction of the hemostasis system in severe surgical infections in childhood]. [小儿严重手术感染止血系统的矫正]。
Padiatrie und Grenzgebiete Pub Date : 1991-01-01
R A Kutubidze, G S Dawitaja, T A Robakidse
{"title":"[Correction of the hemostasis system in severe surgical infections in childhood].","authors":"R A Kutubidze,&nbsp;G S Dawitaja,&nbsp;T A Robakidse","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. In case of severe surgical infections in childhood the haemostatic system may be involved combined with aggregation of thrombocytes and disseminated intravascular coagulation. 2. The possible changes of haemostatic system are discussed. 3. The effect of therapeutical correction using heparin, gamma-tocopherol, nicotinic acid, fitin, kurantil and fresh plasma on the haemostatic system values have been analyzed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19624,"journal":{"name":"Padiatrie und Grenzgebiete","volume":"30 5","pages":"437-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13104144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Acute illness following admission to child day care centers and the use of antimicrobial agents]. [儿童日托中心入院后的急性疾病和抗菌药物的使用]。
Padiatrie und Grenzgebiete Pub Date : 1990-01-01
I Grimmer, A Henkel, S Prosch, T Seidel
{"title":"[Acute illness following admission to child day care centers and the use of antimicrobial agents].","authors":"I Grimmer,&nbsp;A Henkel,&nbsp;S Prosch,&nbsp;T Seidel","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. During the first six months after the admission to day-care acute infections of children are very frequent. This gives rise to the question for the justification of the indication of antibacterial chemotherapy during this period. 2. During the mentioned period all acute illnesses and the corresponding therapies of total 361 children in Berlin, the capital of the GDR, Leipzig and Schwedt are analysed. 3. The local differences of the appearance of the antibacterial chemotherapy are not caused by the type and frequency of the diagnosis, but reflect the inadequate consideration for the therapy recommendations given by the Society of Pädiatrics. 4. The correlations between antibacterial chemotherapy and the appearance of acute respiration illnesses (ARI) suggest the influence of the bacteria on the origin of these illnesses of day-cared children.</p>","PeriodicalId":19624,"journal":{"name":"Padiatrie und Grenzgebiete","volume":"29 5","pages":"405-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13277017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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