Ophthalmology and Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Observational Clinical Investigation Evaluating an Ophthalmic Solution Containing Xanthan Gum and Low Concentration Desonide Phosphate in Dry Eye Disease Treatment.","authors":"Pasquale Aragona, Giuseppe Giannaccare, Edoardo Dammino, Fabiana D'Esposito, Paola Genovese, Elisa Imelde Postorino, Claudine Civiale, Maria Grazia Mazzone, Caterina Gagliano","doi":"10.1007/s40123-024-01003-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40123-024-01003-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Patients with dry eye disease (DED) complain of a multitude of symptoms that affect their visual function and quality of life (QoL). This clinical investigation assessed the performance, tolerance, and safety of a novel preservative-free ophthalmic solution containing xanthan gum 0.2% and desonide sodium phosphate 0.025%.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was an observational, prospective, multicentric, and post-market clinical investigation to assess the effect of three times a day instillation of the study formulation in patients suffering from DED. The primary objective was to achieve a 50% reduction in conjunctival hyperemia index as assessed with the OCULUS Keratograph after 1 month of treatment compared to baseline values. The secondary objectives included patient-reported outcomes, clinical performance, and safety.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty patients were enrolled (21 women, 9 men) with a mean age of 61.10 ± 14.53 years. The instillation of the study formulation was associated with a significant reduction in redness scores after 1 month of treatment compared to baseline (mean - 0.51 ± 0.51; p ≤ 0.0001). Although the primary endpoint was not completely met, a 50% reduction in the conjunctival hyperemia index was achieved in 23% of the participants, and 77% showed a reduction of 26% of the same index. In addition, the ophthalmic solution significantly increased tear film break-up time, and a significant reduction of corneal and conjunctival staining with fluorescein was achieved. It also reduced DED symptoms and had a very good safety profile.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>the study formulation produced a significant improvement in the signs, symptoms, and QoL of patients with mild to moderate DED with a good safety profile after 1 month of treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19623,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"2559-2573"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11408441/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141767005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Potential of Code-Free Custom GPTs in Ophthalmology: An Early Analysis of GPT Store and User-Creator Guidance.","authors":"Aslan Aykut, Almila Sarigul Sezenoz","doi":"10.1007/s40123-024-01014-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40123-024-01014-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>OpenAI recently introduced the ability to create custom generative pre-trained transformers (cGPTs) using text-based instruction and/or external documents using retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) architecture without coding knowledge. This study aimed to analyze the features of ophthalmology-related cGPTs and explore their potential utilities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data collection took place on January 20 and 21, 2024, and custom GPTs were found by entering ophthalmology keywords into the \"Explore GPTS\" section of the website. General and specific features of cGPTs were recorded, such as knowledge other than GPT-4 training data. The instruction and description sections were analyzed for compatibility using the Likert scale. We analyzed two custom GPTs with the highest Likert score in detail. We attempted to create a convincingly presented yet potentially harmful cGPT to test safety features.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We analyzed 22 ophthalmic cGPTs, of which 55% were for general use and the most common subspecialty was glaucoma (18%). Over half (55%) contained knowledge other than GPT-4 training data. The representation of the instructions through the description was between \"Moderately representative\" and \"Very representative\" with a median Likert score of 3.5 (IQR 3.0-4.0). The instruction word count was significantly associated with Likert scores (P = 0.03). Tested cGPTs demonstrated potential for specific conversational tone, information, retrieval and combining knowledge from an uploaded source. With these safety settings, creating a malicious GPT was possible.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This is the first study to our knowledge to examine the GPT store for a medical field. Our findings suggest that these cGPTs can be immediately implemented in practice and may offer more targeted and effective solutions compared to the standard GPT-4. However, further research is necessary to evaluate their capabilities and limitations comprehensively. The safety features currently appear to be rather limited. It may be helpful for the user to review the instruction section before using a cGPT.</p>","PeriodicalId":19623,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"2697-2713"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11408450/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141976294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progressive Thickening of Retinal Nerve Fiber and Ganglion Cell Complex Layers Following SDM Laser Vision Protection Therapy in Open-Angle Glaucoma","authors":"Jeffrey K. Luttrull, Radouil Tzekov, Sathy V. Bhavan","doi":"10.1007/s40123-024-01029-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40123-024-01029-3","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Introduction</h3><p>This work aims to determine the effect on nerve fiber layer (NFL) and ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness trends in eyes with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) treated with Vision Protection Therapy™ (VPT).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>A retrospective analysis of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) measured NFL and GCC thickness trends was performed, excluding eyes with poor-quality scans and principal diagnoses other than OAG. This study compares eyes with OAG managed conventionally with IOP control alone (controls) to eyes managed with the addition of VPT (VPT eyes). The direction (+ or −) and magnitude (microns/year) of the OCT trends were the study endpoints.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Seventy-eight control eyes of 40 patients and 61 VPT-treated eyes of 39 patients were included in the study. Positive NFL trends were noted in 5% of control eyes vs. 71% of VPT eyes (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). Positive GCC trends were noted in 8% of control eyes vs. 43% of VPT eyes (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). Mean NFL trends (µm/year) were − 0.692 for controls vs. 0.347 for VPT (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). Mean GCC trends (µm/year) were − 0.554 for controls vs. − 0.148 for VPT (<i>p</i> = 0.0175).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>The addition of VPT to the conventional management of OAG resulted in highly significant improvements in NFL and GCC trends, indicating a reversal of key indicators of glaucoma severity and progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":19623,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology and Therapy","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Influencing Treatment Preference in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema: A Study Using Conjoint Analysis","authors":"Takao Hirano, Koji Tanabe, Toshinori Murata","doi":"10.1007/s40123-024-01026-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40123-024-01026-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Introduction</h3><p>Despite the wide range of treatment options available for diabetic macular edema (DME), adherence to treatment remains a barrier. Therefore, this study used conjoint analysis to examine the factors that patients with DME prioritize when choosing a course of treatment and investigated differences in quality of life and levels of disease self-management in patients with or without experience of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online survey in Japan between May 31, 2022, and June 30, 2022. Questionnaires were sent to 27,236 individuals registered in the diabetes panels, with experience of treatment for DME within the last 10 years. Conjoint analysis was employed to calculate the relative importance, i.e., degree of influence on patients' treatment choices, considering the trade-offs among five factors: cost per treatment, frequency of visits, anticipated post-treatment visual acuity, physician’s explanation about disease and treatment, and frequency of treatment-related side effects.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>A total of 237 responses were used to assess the relative importance of cost per treatment, frequency of visits, anticipated post-treatment visual acuity, physician’s explanation about the disease, treatment, and frequency of treatment-related side effects using conjoint analysis. The importance of each factor was anticipated post-treatment visual acuity at 30.0, frequency of treatment-related side effects at 25.5, treatment frequency at 17.7, cost per treatment at 16.5, and physician explanation about the disease and treatment at 10.4. The average EuroQoL 5 dimension 5 level index value in patients with and without anti-VEGF treatment experience was 0.785 and 0.825, respectively, with no major difference.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Anticipated post-treatment visual acuity was identified as the most important factor in selecting a treatment regardless of the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment experience demonstrating when patients with DME make treatment choices, anticipated post-treatment visual acuity is prioritized over treatment frequency and cost.</p>","PeriodicalId":19623,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology and Therapy","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The I-OPTA Questionnaire: A National Assessment of Patients with Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration","authors":"Benjamin Sommer Thinggaard, Kasper Hansen, Freja Dinesen, Maria Kjøller Pedersen, Lars Morsø, Yousif Subhi, Jakob Grauslund, Lonny Stokholm","doi":"10.1007/s40123-024-01028-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40123-024-01028-4","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Introduction</h3><p>Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss in developed countries. However, a significant gap persists in understanding this population, exacerbated by their advanced age and visual impairments, which can hinder research participation and access to healthcare. The purpose of this study was to describe the content of the questionnaire and the participating patients with nAMD.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>The survey includes patients diagnosed with nAMD who had previously received treatment or were currently undergoing intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections. Participants were recruited using various methods, as reaching out to patients who are no longer receiving treatment poses a particular challenge. A patient and public advisory board assisted throughout the study period.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Of the 713 electronic invitations sent out, 494 (69.3%) patients responded to the questionnaire, with an additional 57 responses obtained through e-mail or telephone interviews. Due to the exclusion of 16 responses, there were a total of 535 valid responses, including 176 from patients previously treated and 359 from those currently undergoing treatment for nAMD. The median age of respondents was 79.9 years (interquartile range [IQR] 75.5–84.7), with 59.8% being women. Among them, 53.2% were married, while 43.1% lived alone.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Data from the I-OPTA (Identification of Patient-Reported Barriers in Treatment for nAMD) questionnaire allows future exploration of patients who are no longer receiving treatment, patients’ knowledge about preventive measures, and the impact of nAMD on visual function and quality of life. Future research, including studies that integrate data from corresponding retinal images and Danish national registers, has the potential to generate invaluable knowledge, providing benefits to both patients and healthcare professionals.</p>","PeriodicalId":19623,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology and Therapy","volume":"215 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preoperative Structural Risk Factors for Glaucoma After Penetrating Keratoplasty for Congenital Corneal Opacity: An Observational Study","authors":"Zi-jun Xie, Xin Wang, Ting Yu, Jing-hao Qu, Ling-ling Wu, Jing Hong","doi":"10.1007/s40123-024-01027-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40123-024-01027-5","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Introduction</h3><p>Post-keratoplasty glaucoma (PKG) is a major complication following penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) for congenital corneal opacity (CCO). This study aims to assess the preoperative structural risk factors for PKG following PKP for CCO using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Pediatric patients with CCO who underwent preoperative UBM and primary PKP were enrolled. Patients with anterior segment operation history or with a follow-up duration less than 12 months were excluded. The structural features of the anterior segment including central corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth, angle closure range (ACR), anterior synechia range, maximum iridocorneal adhesion length, abnormal iridocorneal synechia, and lens anomalies were identified on UBM images. The medical histories were reviewed to identify clinical features. The incidence of PKG was assessed to determine significant structural and clinical risk factors.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Fifty-one eyes of 51 pediatric patients with CCO were included. The median age at surgery was 8.0 months, and the mean follow-up duration was 33 ± 9 months. Eleven (21.6%) eyes developed PKG. The main structural risk factors were abnormal iridocorneal synechia (<i>P</i> = 0.015), lens anomaly (<i>P</i> = 0.001), and larger ACR (<i>P</i> = 0.045). However, a larger range of normal anterior synechia without involvement of the angle was not a significant risk factor. Preoperative glaucoma (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) and higher intraocular pressure (<i>P</i> = 0.015) were clinical risk factors. A shallow anterior chamber was a unique risk factor for sclerocornea (<i>P</i> = 0.019).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Detailed preoperative examination of iridocorneal synechia, lens, and angle closure using UBM is critical for PKG risk assessment, surgical prognosis evaluation, and postoperative management in patients with CCO.</p>","PeriodicalId":19623,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology and Therapy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety, Tolerability, and Short-Term Efficacy of Low-Level Light Therapy for Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration","authors":"Enrico Borrelli, Giulia Coco, Marco Pellegrini, Marco Mura, Nicolò Ciarmatori, Vincenzo Scorcia, Adriano Carnevali, Andrea Lucisano, Massimiliano Borselli, Costanza Rossi, Michele Reibaldi, Federico Ricardi, Aldo Vagge, Massimo Nicolò, Paolo Forte, Antonio Cartabellotta, Murat Hasanreisoğlu, Cem Kesim, Sibel Demirel, Özge Yanık, Federico Bernabei, Pierre-Raphael Rothschild, Sarah Farrant, Giuseppe Giannaccare","doi":"10.1007/s40123-024-01030-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40123-024-01030-w","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Introduction</h3><p>Photobiomodulation (PBM) has become a promising approach for slowing the progression of early and intermediate dry age-related macular degeneration (dAMD) to advanced AMD. This technique uses light to penetrate tissues and activate molecules that influence biochemical reactions and cellular metabolism. This preliminary analysis is aimed at assessing the safety, tolerability, and short-term effectiveness of the EYE-LIGHT^®PBM treatment device in patients with dAMD.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>The EYE-LIGHT^® device employs two wavelengths, 590 nm (yellow) and 630 nm (red), in both continuous and pulsed modes. Patients over 50 years of age with a diagnosis of dAMD in any AREDS (Age-Related Eye Disease Study) category were randomly assigned to either the treatment group or the sham group. The treatment plan consisted of an initial cycle of two sessions per week for 4 weeks. Safety, tolerability, and compliance outcomes, along with functional and anatomical outcomes, were assessed at the end of the fourth month.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>This preliminary analysis included data from 76 patients (152 eyes). All patients were fully compliant with treatment sessions, and only one fifth of patients treated with PBM reported mild ocular adverse events, highlighting exceptional results in terms of tolerability and adherence. Changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) from baseline to month 4 differed significantly between the sham and PBM-treated groups, favoring the latter, with a higher proportion achieving a gain of five or more letters post-treatment (8.9% vs. 20.3%, respectively; <i>p</i> = 0.043). No significant differences in central subfield thickness (CST) were observed between the two groups over the 4-month period. The study also found a statistically significant disparity in mean drusen volume changes from baseline to month 4 between the groups in favor of patients treated with PBM (<i>p</i> = 0.013).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>These preliminary results indicate that PBM treatment using the EYE-LIGHT^® system is safe and well tolerated among patients with dAMD. Furthermore, both functional and anatomical data support the treatment’s short-term efficacy.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Trial Registration</h3><p>ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT06046118.</p>","PeriodicalId":19623,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology and Therapy","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the Editor Regarding: An Emerging Ophthalmology Challenge: A Narrative Review of TikTok Trends Impacting Eye Health Among Children and Adolescents.","authors":"Chisom T Madu, Imani Nwokeji, Jin Ming Lin","doi":"10.1007/s40123-024-00989-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40123-024-00989-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19623,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"2505-2507"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11341792/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141555305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence-Based Strategies for Warm Compress Therapy in Meibomian Gland Dysfunction.","authors":"Gladys Lee","doi":"10.1007/s40123-024-00988-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40123-024-00988-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Despite promising results from technological therapies like intense pulsed light application, warm compress therapy is a mainstay in meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). However, applying warm compresses (WC) to the eyelids is palliative rather than curative and not always dispensed with specific instructions. The range of eyelid warming treatments available and lack of clear directives for use creates uncertainty for patients accustomed to explicit dosage information. This report examines data from clinical studies across the past 20 years to identify effective protocols for three types of WC-hot towel, microwavable eye mask, and self-heating eye mask (EM).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Literature search for studies on WC and MGD published between 2004 and 2023 in English was conducted. Studies wherein hot towel, microwavable EM, and self-heating EM were used in a treatment arm were included and those wherein they served only as control or were used in conjunction with another intervention were excluded. 20 resulting studies were separated into 3 groups: 5 on temperature profiles of WC, 6 with single application of WC, and 9 with repeated applications. Study methods and outcomes were tabulated, and a qualitative review was performed, attending to WC protocol and efficacy, as indicated by measures of tear film, meibomian gland health, and dry eye questionnaires.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data from the aforementioned studies revealed that each method can achieve target eyelid temperature of 40 °C. A single application of WC-ranging from 5 to 20 min-can significantly improve tear quality, while repeated applications significantly relieve symptoms associated with dry eyes from MGD and, in most studies, significantly improve meibomian gland health. Hot towels, however, require frequent reheating to maintain eyelid temperatures above 40 °C, rendering them relatively ineffective in longitudinal studies. Microwavable EM retain heat well across 10 min and were found to improve tear break-up time and/or meibomian gland score. Self-heating EM have variable activation times and were typically applied for longer periods, showing benefits akin to microwavable EM in short-term studies. Studies monitoring compliance indicate greater deviation from protocol with higher application frequencies or longer-term use. Evidence suggests superior heat retention and therapeutic effects on specific contributing factors in MGD (such as Demodex) with moist-heat compress.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Considering decreased patience adherence to therapy with increased usage frequencies, and balancing needs to provide succinct instructions for various compress types, an advisable strategy is for patients to apply a moist-heat generating EM (microwavable or self-heating) to each eye for at least 10 min, prepared according to manufacturer's instructions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19623,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"2481-2493"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11341798/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141580433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OCTA: Essential or Gimmick?","authors":"Siddharth Gandhi, Niveditha Pattathil, Netan Choudhry","doi":"10.1007/s40123-024-00985-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40123-024-00985-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This commentary article delves into the transformative role of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in diagnosing and managing a wide array of eye conditions, including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, retinal vein occlusions, and white dot syndromes. Developed in 2005, OCTA has emerged as a non-invasive, high-resolution imaging technique that offers advantages over traditional fluorescein angiography (FA), providing quicker and safer monitoring of ocular conditions with similar diagnostic accuracy. In diabetic retinopathy, OCTA has been instrumental in early identification of retinal changes, offering quantifiable metrics including perfused capillary density (PCD) for assessing vascular alterations. For age-related macular degeneration (AMD), OCTA has deepened our understanding of non-exudative neovascular AMD, allowing for more effective monitoring and potential earlier initiation of treatment. In cases of retinal vein occlusions, OCTA can reveal specific microvascular features and allow for depth-resolved measurements of the foveal avascular zone, providing significant prognostic implications. OCTA has also been invaluable in studying rare white dot syndromes, enabling nuanced differentiation between conditions that often present similarly. Emerging research also suggests that OCTA can have potential utility in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's, where retinal vascular patterns could offer diagnostic insights. While OCTA is revolutionizing ophthalmic care, further clinical trials and standardization are needed for its broader adoption into clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":19623,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"2293-2302"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11341508/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141545128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}