Efthymia Kalogera, Evangelos Spanos, Michael Karampelas, Ioannis Halkiadakis, Vasileios Peponis, Kallirroi Konstantopoulou
{"title":"希腊人群全身摄入莫西沙星后双侧急性虹膜透光。","authors":"Efthymia Kalogera, Evangelos Spanos, Michael Karampelas, Ioannis Halkiadakis, Vasileios Peponis, Kallirroi Konstantopoulou","doi":"10.1007/s40123-025-01135-w","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Bilateral acute iris transillumination (BAIT) is a recently described entity, usually following moxifloxacin intake or respiratory tract infections. Interest in the disease has increased since the COVID-19 pandemic; however, its etiopathogenesis remains unclear. This study presents five cases in Greece with symptoms and signs suggestive of BAIT after systemic moxifloxacin administration. Unusual clinical manifestations and differential diagnosis are highlighted.</p><p><strong>Case presentations: </strong>Five female patients presented to the Uveitis Department complaining of bilateral photophobia and redness following systemic moxifloxacin intake. Past ocular history was unremarkable. The median best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 7/10 (range 4/10-9/10) and mean intraocular pressure (IOP) was 17 mmHg, with one eye demonstrating increased IOP of 32 mmHg. Clinical findings included bilateral diffuse mid-peripheral iris transillumination, conjunctival hyperemia, unresponsive pupils, and pigment dispersion into the anterior chamber. Two cases presented blue-colored irides. Gonioscopy showed pigment deposition at the trabecular meshwork. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) revealed a normal iris configuration in all cases.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>In Greece, BAIT has been infrequently described, with the highest prevalence being reported in Türkiye. The etiopathogenesis remains unknown, but the typical geographical distribution raises suspicion of a genetic predisposition. BAIT could be considered a drug-related adverse event or an ocular manifestation of viral infections, such as COVID-19. Clinical findings may vary, though differential diagnosis can be quite challenging. In cases with elevated intraocular pressure, topical treatment is usually adequate, although surgical approaches have been reported in the literature. All of our cases fit the clinical features of BAIT. Interestingly, two of the patients had light blue iris color.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Understanding the clinical manifestations of the disease and its geographic spread facilitates a prompt clinical diagnosis, preventing unnecessary diagnostic tests. Although BCVA is typically well preserved in BAIT, persistent photophobia may lead to severe visual impairment. Further research is necessary to elucidate the exact etiopathogenesis of BAIT and explore genetic factors that may predispose individuals to this condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":19623,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Bilateral Acute Iris Transillumination Following Systemic Moxifloxacin Intake in the Greek Population.\",\"authors\":\"Efthymia Kalogera, Evangelos Spanos, Michael Karampelas, Ioannis Halkiadakis, Vasileios Peponis, Kallirroi Konstantopoulou\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s40123-025-01135-w\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Bilateral acute iris transillumination (BAIT) is a recently described entity, usually following moxifloxacin intake or respiratory tract infections. Interest in the disease has increased since the COVID-19 pandemic; however, its etiopathogenesis remains unclear. This study presents five cases in Greece with symptoms and signs suggestive of BAIT after systemic moxifloxacin administration. Unusual clinical manifestations and differential diagnosis are highlighted.</p><p><strong>Case presentations: </strong>Five female patients presented to the Uveitis Department complaining of bilateral photophobia and redness following systemic moxifloxacin intake. Past ocular history was unremarkable. The median best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 7/10 (range 4/10-9/10) and mean intraocular pressure (IOP) was 17 mmHg, with one eye demonstrating increased IOP of 32 mmHg. Clinical findings included bilateral diffuse mid-peripheral iris transillumination, conjunctival hyperemia, unresponsive pupils, and pigment dispersion into the anterior chamber. Two cases presented blue-colored irides. 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Bilateral Acute Iris Transillumination Following Systemic Moxifloxacin Intake in the Greek Population.
Introduction: Bilateral acute iris transillumination (BAIT) is a recently described entity, usually following moxifloxacin intake or respiratory tract infections. Interest in the disease has increased since the COVID-19 pandemic; however, its etiopathogenesis remains unclear. This study presents five cases in Greece with symptoms and signs suggestive of BAIT after systemic moxifloxacin administration. Unusual clinical manifestations and differential diagnosis are highlighted.
Case presentations: Five female patients presented to the Uveitis Department complaining of bilateral photophobia and redness following systemic moxifloxacin intake. Past ocular history was unremarkable. The median best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 7/10 (range 4/10-9/10) and mean intraocular pressure (IOP) was 17 mmHg, with one eye demonstrating increased IOP of 32 mmHg. Clinical findings included bilateral diffuse mid-peripheral iris transillumination, conjunctival hyperemia, unresponsive pupils, and pigment dispersion into the anterior chamber. Two cases presented blue-colored irides. Gonioscopy showed pigment deposition at the trabecular meshwork. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) revealed a normal iris configuration in all cases.
Discussion: In Greece, BAIT has been infrequently described, with the highest prevalence being reported in Türkiye. The etiopathogenesis remains unknown, but the typical geographical distribution raises suspicion of a genetic predisposition. BAIT could be considered a drug-related adverse event or an ocular manifestation of viral infections, such as COVID-19. Clinical findings may vary, though differential diagnosis can be quite challenging. In cases with elevated intraocular pressure, topical treatment is usually adequate, although surgical approaches have been reported in the literature. All of our cases fit the clinical features of BAIT. Interestingly, two of the patients had light blue iris color.
Conclusion: Understanding the clinical manifestations of the disease and its geographic spread facilitates a prompt clinical diagnosis, preventing unnecessary diagnostic tests. Although BCVA is typically well preserved in BAIT, persistent photophobia may lead to severe visual impairment. Further research is necessary to elucidate the exact etiopathogenesis of BAIT and explore genetic factors that may predispose individuals to this condition.
期刊介绍：
Aims and Scope
Ophthalmology and Therapy is an international, open access, peer-reviewed (single-blind), and rapid publication journal. The scope of the journal is broad and will consider all scientifically sound research from preclinical, clinical (all phases), observational, real-world, and health outcomes research around the use of ophthalmological therapies, devices, and surgical techniques.
The journal is of interest to a broad audience of pharmaceutical and healthcare professionals and publishes original research, reviews, case reports/series, trial protocols and short communications such as commentaries and editorials. Ophthalmology and Therapy will consider all scientifically sound research be it positive, confirmatory or negative data. Submissions are welcomed whether they relate to an international and/or a country-specific audience, something that is crucially important when researchers are trying to target more specific patient populations. This inclusive approach allows the journal to assist in the dissemination of quality research, which may be considered of insufficient interest by other journals.
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The journal’s publication timelines aim for a rapid peer review of 2 weeks. If an article is accepted it will be published 3–4 weeks from acceptance. The rapid timelines are achieved through the combination of a dedicated in-house editorial team, who manage article workflow, and an extensive Editorial and Advisory Board who assist with peer review. This allows the journal to support the rapid dissemination of research, whilst still providing robust peer review. Combined with the journal’s open access model this allows for the rapid, efficient communication of the latest research and reviews, fostering the advancement of ophthalmic therapies.
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All articles published by Ophthalmology and Therapy are open access.
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The journal’s dedicated in-house editorial team offer a personal “concierge service” meaning authors will always have an editorial contact able to update them on the status of their manuscript. The editorial team check all manuscripts to ensure that articles conform to the most recent COPE, GPP and ICMJE publishing guidelines. This supports the publication of ethically sound and transparent research.
Digital Features and Plain Language Summaries
Ophthalmology and Therapy offers a range of additional features designed to increase the visibility, readership and educational value of the journal’s content. Each article is accompanied by key summary points, giving a time-efficient overview of the content to a wide readership. Articles may be accompanied by plain language summaries to assist readers who have some knowledge of, but not in-depth expertise in, the area to understand the scientific content and overall implications of the article. The journal also provides the option to include various types of digital features including animated abstracts, video abstracts, slide decks, audio slides, instructional videos, infographics, podcasts and animations. All additional features are peer reviewed to the same high standard as the article itself. If you consider that your paper would benefit from the inclusion of a digital feature, please let us know. Our editorial team are able to create high-quality slide decks and infographics in-house, and video abstracts through our partner Research Square, and would be happy to assist in any way we can. For further information about digital features, please contact the journal editor (see ‘Contact the Journal’ for email address), and see the ‘Guidelines for digital features and plain language summaries’ document under ‘Submission guidelines’.
For examples of digital features please visit our showcase page https://springerhealthcare.com/expertise/publishing-digital-features/
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Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be required to pay the mandatory Rapid Service Fee of €5250/$6000/£4300. The journal will consider fee discounts and waivers for developing countries and this is decided on a case by case basis.
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Upon submission, manuscripts are assessed by the editorial team to ensure they fit within the aims and scope of the journal and are also checked for plagiarism. All suitable submissions are then subject to a comprehensive single-blind peer review. Reviewers are selected based on their relevant expertise and publication history in the subject area. The journal has an extensive pool of editorial and advisory board members who have been selected to assist with peer review based on the afore-mentioned criteria.
At least two extensive reviews are required to make the editorial decision, with the exception of some article types such as Commentaries, Editorials, and Letters which are generally reviewed by one member of the Editorial Board. Where reviewer recommendations are conflicted, the editorial board will be contacted for further advice and a presiding decision. Manuscripts are then either accepted, rejected or authors are required to make major or minor revisions (both reviewer comments and editorial comments may need to be addressed). Once a revised manuscript is re-submitted, it is assessed along with the responses to reviewer comments and if it has been adequately revised it will be accepted for publication. Accepted manuscripts are then copyedited and typeset by the production team before online publication. Appeals against decisions following peer review are considered on a case-by-case basis and should be sent to the journal editor.
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We encourage posting of preprints of primary research manuscripts on preprint servers, authors’ or institutional websites, and open communications between researchers whether on community preprint servers or preprint commenting platforms. Posting of preprints is not considered prior publication and will not jeopardize consideration in our journals. Authors should disclose details of preprint posting during the submission process or at any other point during consideration in one of our journals. Once the manuscript is published, it is the author’s responsibility to ensure that the preprint record is updated with a publication reference, including the DOI and a URL link to the published version of the article on the journal website.
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