Orthopedic Research and Reviews最新文献

{"title":"The Radiological Complications of Short-Segment Pedicle Screw Fixation Combined with Transforaminal Interbody Fusion in the Treatment of Unstable Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture: A Retrospective Case Series Study in Vietnam","authors":"Ngoc Quyen Nguyen, Trong Hau Phan","doi":"10.2147/ORR.S356296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/ORR.S356296","url":null,"abstract":"Background The radiological complications including correction loss and hardware failure of short segment posterior pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of unstable thoracolumbar burst fractures remain a main concern. Several procedures aiming to reinforce the anterior column have been introduced to solve these limitations, including transforaminal interbody fusion (TIF). The purposes of this study were to evaluate the radiological complications of short-segment pedicle screw fixation in combination with transforaminal interbody fusion in the treatment of unstable thoracolumbar burst fractures. Methods This retrospective case series study enrolled patients with isolated unstable thoracolumbar burst fractures, who were treated by posterior short fixation with TIF between January 2013 and January 2017. Patients were followed up for a minimum of one and half years. For evaluation of correction loss, % loss of anterior vertebral body height (%AVB), vertebral kyphotic angle (VA) and regional kyphotic angle (RA) were collected preoperatively, postoperatively and at the final follow-up. Hardware failure was assessed on radiological images at the last follow-up. Results There were 36 patients who met the inclusion criteria with a mean follow-up duration of 53 months. The mean correction loss of %AVB, VA and RA were 10.2%, 2.9° and 5.6°, respectively. There were 6 patients (16.7%) with hardware failure at the final follow-up. Conclusion Short-segment posterior pedicle screw fixation with TIF using bone chip grafts does not completely prevent hardware failure and progressive kyphosis in the treatment of unstable thoracolumbar burst fractures.","PeriodicalId":19608,"journal":{"name":"Orthopedic Research and Reviews","volume":"14 1","pages":"91 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43800754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deconstructing the Minimum Clinically Important Difference (MCID).","authors":"Janine Molino,&nbsp;Joseph Harrington,&nbsp;Jennifer Racine-Avila,&nbsp;Roy Aaron","doi":"10.2147/ORR.S349268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/ORR.S349268","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) is a way of dichotomizing data for assessment of success or failure based on clinically meaningful changes. The magnitude of the MCID is often misunderstood to be a singular quantity applicable across studies. However, substantial differences have been reported among MCIDs for the same outcome measures usually based upon differences extrinsic to the calculation. This study explores the effects of variabilities intrinsic to the calculation of the MCID.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The MCIDs for two knee replacement patient-reported outcomes measures of pain and function were calculated at 1 year postoperative with an integrative anchor and distribution-based method using external anchor questions and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves. The effects upon the magnitude and precision of the MCIDs of varying the anchor questions, the thresholds for success/failure, and the sample sizes were examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Wide variabilities were observed in both the magnitudes and precision of the MCIDs. The threshold for success had the largest effect on magnitude of pain scores, while the sample size had the largest effect on precision. For function scores, the sample size had the largest effect on magnitude, and the anchor question had the largest effect on precision.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Comparisons among MCIDs are difficult to interpret if elements of the calculations are different and influence the results. While factors extrinsic to the calculations, e.g., study population, trial design, methods of calculation, etc., are known to produce differences in the magnitude of MCIDs, this study shows that more subtle and less obvious factors intrinsic to the calculations have profound effects on both the magnitude and precision of MCIDs. Comparisons among MCIDs should be made with caution and call for greater transparency in reporting intrinsic methods. It is probably advisable for individual studies to calculate their own MCIDs and not rely on published values.</p>","PeriodicalId":19608,"journal":{"name":"Orthopedic Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"35-42"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/39/9c/orr-14-35.PMC8860454.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39959420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty with Primary Stem or Full-Porous-Coated Long Stem for Aseptic Femoral Component Loosening: A Matched-Pair Study.","authors":"Meng-Huan Tsai,&nbsp;Chun-Chieh Chen,&nbsp;Chih-Hsiang Chang,&nbsp;Yuhan Chang,&nbsp;Pang-Hsin Hsieh,&nbsp;Chih-Chien Hu","doi":"10.2147/ORR.S346891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/ORR.S346891","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Revision total hip arthroplasty (RTHA) for loosening the femoral stem is a technical challenge. Distally fixed, full-porous-coated long stems are widely accepted as the standard selection for these revisions. However, the success of primary stems in RTHA is not well known.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study enrolled 24 patients with aseptic loosening of the femoral stem who underwent RTHA using primary stems. Another 72 patients with aseptic loosening who underwent RTHA using full-porous-coated long stems were matched in terms of operation date, proximal femoral bone stock (Paprosky classification), sex, and age. The primary and secondary outcomes of failure were the need for revision for any reason and the radiographic change in the stem respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the primary stem group, one patient had a periprosthetic fracture and received a second RTHA 2 years after the previous one. The primary outcome's 5-and 10-year survival rates were both 95.8%. For the matched comparison group, one patient had an immediate periprosthetic fracture of the femoral shaft requiring further open reduction internal fixation surgery. Another patient had a full-porous-coated long stem breakage 6 years postoperatively, which required a second RTHA. The primary outcome's 5-and 10-year survival rates were 98.6% and 97.2%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Primary stems can achieve non-inferior clinical success compared to a full-porous-coated long stem for aseptic stem loosening RTHA in patients with adequate proximal femoral bone stock.</p>","PeriodicalId":19608,"journal":{"name":"Orthopedic Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"25-33"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/fc/35/orr-14-25.PMC8857999.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39670808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal Management of Partial Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears: Clinical Considerations and Practical Management","authors":"T. Thangarajah, I. Lo","doi":"10.2147/ORR.S348726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/ORR.S348726","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Partial thickness rotator cuff tears have been diagnosed with increased frequency due to heightened awareness and an improvement in diagnostic modalities. When >50% of the tendon thickness has ruptured, intra-tendinous strain of the residual tendon increases. Surgery is generally confined to patients who have failed non-operative measures and have persistent symptoms. The rationale for repairing partial thickness tears lies in their limited self-healing capacity, and propensity to enlarge over time and progress to a full thickness defect. Although tear debridement and acromioplasty can improve pain and function, tear progression can occur, in addition to worse results being noted in bursal-sided defects. Several surgical strategies have been recommended but there is a lack of evidence to advocate one form of treatment over another. The aim of this narrative review is to discuss the treatment options for partial thickness tears of the rotator cuff.","PeriodicalId":19608,"journal":{"name":"Orthopedic Research and Reviews","volume":"14 1","pages":"59 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47663461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Full Endoscopic Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy in Management of Foraminal Disc Herniation and Foraminal Stenosis.","authors":"Asrafi Rizki Gatam,&nbsp;Luthfi Gatam,&nbsp;Phedy,&nbsp;Harmantya Mahadhipta,&nbsp;Omar Luthfi,&nbsp;Ajiantoro,&nbsp;Syafrudin Husin,&nbsp;Dina Aprilya","doi":"10.2147/ORR.S349701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/ORR.S349701","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The development of full endoscopic procedures enables surgeons to visualize the operative field very clearly. Posterior foraminotomy using endoscopy was developed as a minimally invasive procedure to reduce the complication of the anterior cervical approach and to preserve the segmental motion without decreasing the effectiveness of nerve decompression. Our aim is to evaluate the result of full endoscopic posterior cervical foraminotomy in our center.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a prospective single-arm study of 65 foraminal disc herniation and foraminal stenosis patients that underwent full endoscopic posterior foraminotomy procedures. All patients were routinely observed for 12-months duration to evaluate Visual Analog Score (VAS) of the neck, arm, and modified Macnab criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Arm pain VAS decreased significantly compared with the pre-operation state (p < 0.001, 0.034, 0.001 on immediate post-operative, 6-months follow-up, and 12-months follow-up, respectively) even though 6.15% of patients had hypesthesia on follow-up. There was no neck pain observed during 1 year follow-up, and modified Macnab criteria showed a good outcome following full endoscopic posterior foraminotomy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Full endoscopic posterior foraminotomy provides good nerve decompression with all the benefits of endoscopic spine procedure.</p>","PeriodicalId":19608,"journal":{"name":"Orthopedic Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/15/2c/orr-14-1.PMC8812322.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39770205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gunshot Wounds: Ballistics, Pathology, and Treatment Recommendations, with a Focus on Retained Bullets.","authors":"Gracie R Baum,&nbsp;Jaxon T Baum,&nbsp;Dan Hayward,&nbsp;Brendan J MacKay","doi":"10.2147/ORR.S378278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/ORR.S378278","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As the epidemic of gunshot injuries and firearm fatalities continues to proliferate in the United States, knowledge regarding gunshot wound (GSW) injury and management is increasingly relevant to health-care providers. Unfortunately, existing guidelines are largely outdated, written in a time that high-velocity weapons and deforming bullets were chiefly restricted to military use. Advances in firearm technology and increased accessibility of military grade firearms to civilians has exacerbated the nature of domestic GSW injury and complicated clinical decision-making, as these weapons are associated with increased tissue damage and often result in retained bullets. Currently, there is a lack of literature addressing recent advances in the field of projectile-related trauma, specifically injuries with retained bullets. This review aims to aggregate the available yet dispersed findings regarding ballistics, GSW etiology, and treatment, particularly for cases involving retained projectiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":19608,"journal":{"name":"Orthopedic Research and Reviews","volume":"14 ","pages":"293-317"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/18/ff/orr-14-293.PMC9462949.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10642034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Syndesmosis Injury: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Jiayong Liu,&nbsp;Daniel Valentine,&nbsp;Nabil A Ebraheim","doi":"10.2147/ORR.S340533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/ORR.S340533","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The syndesmosis is an important fibrous joint that plays a crucial role in normal ankle weight-bearing and movements. Syndesmosis injuries include disruption of one or more of the ligaments comprising the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis and are commonly associated with ankle fractures. The treatment of grade 1 syndesmosis injury should be conservative, such as immobilization for one to three weeks followed by gradual return to activity. For the treatment of grade 2 syndesmosis injury, if it was stable enough, the patients still could be managed with conservative therapies. But majority of them strongly favor surgical treatment. For the treatment of grade 3 syndesmosis injury, it should treat with surgical reconstruction. If syndesmosis injury is associated with ankle fractures, surgical reduction, fixation, and reconstruction are usually required. Common surgical treatment methods include syndesmosis screws, composed of either metallic or bioabsorbable material; fibula intramedullary nails; and dynamic button-suture fixation, TightRope or ZipTight. Each method has advantages and disadvantages which must be considered while determining which treatment will provide the best outcomes depending on the patient's needs. Continued exploration of new materials, devices, and methods for surgical fixation is necessary for advancement in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":19608,"journal":{"name":"Orthopedic Research and Reviews","volume":"14 ","pages":"471-475"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/61/43/orr-14-471.PMC9749496.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10748699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiation in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Management: Estimated Cumulative Pre-Operative, Intra-Operative, and Post-Operative Exposure.","authors":"Alexander Duke,&nbsp;Richard Marchese,&nbsp;David E Komatsu,&nbsp;James Barsi","doi":"10.2147/ORR.S387369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/ORR.S387369","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) is the most common type of scoliosis affecting adolescents, with approximately 2-4% of children being diagnosed. Crucial to the diagnosis and management are radiographic imaging, which allow physicians to assess and treat - from initial visits through surgical planning and post-operative management. While initial stages require low levels of exposure to radiation, via x-rays, as patients progress in disease severity exposure becomes larger with pre-operative, intra-operative and post-operative CT scans. While many studies have evaluated exposure during AIS treatment, few have assessed the cumulative radiation exposure adolescents receive during their evaluation. The purpose of our study is to complete a comprehensive review on cumulative radiation exposure and determine what stages in AIS treatment expose patients to the highest level of radiation over a duration of 2 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective chart review of 109 AIS cases (29M, 80F), mean age 14.9 ± 2.3 years was completed to assess and quantify each imaging modality used. Employing a radiation detector, each imaging modality was then assessed, and estimated radiation exposures were determined. Statistical analysis was completed utilizing averaged patient exposures during each selected period in AIS management.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean estimated radiation doses (StDev) were 60.94 mrem (±0.609 mrem) for two x-rays (full-length AP and lateral radiograph of the entire spine), 12.92 mrem (±1.292 mrem) for each fluoroscopy exposure, and 1340.60 mrem (±13.406 mrem) per CT scan. Based on these values, estimated subject exposures were calculated. The total estimated radiation exposure over a 2-year period was 5572.74 mrem (±1428.88 merm) or 2786.37 mrem (±714.43 mrem) per year.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The two-year cumulative radiation exposure is below the recommended exposure by Nuclear Regulatory Commission and OSHA. As expected, CT exposure presents the largest radiation exposure to patients with AIS throughout their operative management.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>III, retrospective study.</p>","PeriodicalId":19608,"journal":{"name":"Orthopedic Research and Reviews","volume":"14 ","pages":"487-493"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/77/36/orr-14-487.PMC9809375.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10860569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lower Back Pain Caused by the Impact of COVID-19 Quarantine on Physical Activity and Daily Sitting Among Adult Saudi Arabian Populations in Jeddah: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Lutf Ahmed Abumunaser,&nbsp;Kawther Ali Alfaraj,&nbsp;Lujain Khalid Kamal,&nbsp;Renad Abdullah Alzahrani,&nbsp;Maram Misfer Alzahrani,&nbsp;Alzahraa Bader AlAhmed","doi":"10.2147/ORR.S386995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/ORR.S386995","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>During the COVID-19 quarantine period, most outdoor activities and events were banned, resulting in a decrease in physical activity (PA) and prolonged sitting (PS) time, which are significant factors in the development of lower back pain (LBP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between physical inactivity and daily sitting time during quarantine with LBP among the Saudi Arabian population.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study conducted at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, 288 participants were recruited using an online, self-administered questionnaire in Arabic. It consisted of 21 questions assessing back pain, PA, and daily sitting time before and during quarantine. The main outcome measures included demographics, low back pain levels, daily sitting time, and PA level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The participants consisted of 236 women and 52 men aged 18-65 years. During quarantine, 74% of participants sat most of the time and did not exercise or performed less exercise. Furthermore, almost half of the participants did not engage in PA both before and during the quarantine. There was an increase in the prevalence of LBP, with only 44.8% of participants presenting with LBP before quarantine and 59.4% having it during quarantine. A statistically significant association was found between daily sitting time and LBP (P=0.007) and PA and LBP (P=0.045) during quarantine. However, there was no significant association between age and painkiller use for LBP (P=0.251).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study highlights the relationship of physical inactivity and PS during quarantine with an increase in the prevalence and intensity of LBP. The limitations of the study include the use of self-reports, a small sample size, and unequal survey distribution. A well-distributed survey with a larger sample size is necessary to obtain an adequate representation of the entire Saudi population.</p>","PeriodicalId":19608,"journal":{"name":"Orthopedic Research and Reviews","volume":"14 ","pages":"477-485"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/be/6d/orr-14-477.PMC9759024.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10461857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Test for the Advanced Diagnosis of Lateral Elbow Tendinopathy with Concomitant Intrasubstance Tear: Failure to Resist Extension Effort (the Free Test).","authors":"Cristóbal Greene,&nbsp;Guillermo Droppelmann,&nbsp;Nicolás García,&nbsp;Carlos Jorquera,&nbsp;Arturo Verdugo","doi":"10.2147/ORR.S364050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/ORR.S364050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lateral elbow tendinopathy (LET) is one of the most common causes of musculoskeletal pain. The diagnosis is based on the clinical history and different physical maneuvers. Ultrasound (US) is a complementary diagnostic method to detect degenerative tendon changes and intrasubstance tears (IST). To date, there is no available physical maneuver to identify an IST in patients with LET.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of an index test to detect an IST confirmed by ultrasound in patients with LET.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A diagnostic retrospective study was performed. Patients who presented medical records with LET were recruited. Two orthopaedic surgeons developed the physical maneuver. The index test was considered positive when the position failed to resist the wrist extension maximum effort. Clinical findings were associated with confirmation of IST by US. Data were calculated using diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity with 95% confidence intervals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-nine patients (39 elbows) were analyzed, 25 (64%) women and 14 (36%) men, with an average age of 47.7 years. The index test's sensitivity was 0.86 (95% CI, 0.67-0.96). Accuracy was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.64-0.91), and the specificity was 0.64 (95% CI, 0.31-0.89).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The index test presented very good sensitivity and good accuracy in patients with LET with US diagnostic confirmation of IST.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Diagnostic study, Level III.</p>","PeriodicalId":19608,"journal":{"name":"Orthopedic Research and Reviews","volume":"14 ","pages":"495-503"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e2/c5/orr-14-495.PMC9809378.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10857051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}