Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery最新文献

{"title":"The Association Between Long-Term Air Pollution Exposure and Risk of Thyroid Eye Disease: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Taiwan.","authors":"Shu-Han Chuang, Yu-Pin Chen, Cheng-Chun Wu, Tai-Yuan Chuang, Yi-Jie Kuo, Cheng-Hsien Chang","doi":"10.1097/IOP.0000000000002964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/IOP.0000000000002964","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Thyroid eye disease (TED) is a significant orbital disorder commonly associated with Graves' disease, characterized by retrobulbar tissue enlargement and various ocular symptoms. While the pathophysiology involves autoimmune processes, the potential influence of air pollution on TED remains unexplored. This study aims to investigate the association between long-term air pollution exposure and the risk of TED in Taiwanese adults with thyroid disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A nationwide cohort study was conducted utilizing data from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. Adult patients newly diagnosed with thyroid disease between 2003 and 2013 were included. Exposure to 10 air pollutants over a decade was assessed and linked to patients' residential locations. Cox regression models were used to analyze the dose-response relationship between air pollutants and TED risk, adjusting for confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The final cohort comprised 7340 patients, among whom 218 developed TED. Significant associations were observed between long-term exposure to 10 air pollutants and increased TED risk. A 1 standard deviation increase in the 10-year average exposure to sulfur dioxide, CO, particles less than 10 µm in diameter, particles less than 2.5 µm in diameter, nitrogen oxides, nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, total hydrocarbons, nonmethane hydrocarbons, and methane corresponded to elevated TED risk of 26%, 62%, 74%, 49%, 47%, 32%, 56%, 27%, 20%, and 24%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides the first evidence linking long-term air pollution exposure to increased TED risk in individuals with thyroid disease. The findings underscore the importance of addressing air pollution as a modifiable risk factor for TED and advocate for the implementation of strategies to mitigate air pollution's adverse health effects. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and inform targeted interventions for TED prevention and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":19588,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144064227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful Neoadjuvant Treatment Using Trastuzumab Emtansine (Kadcyla) for Locally Advanced and Metastatic Lacrimal Gland Adenocarcinoma.","authors":"Agni Kakouri, Matthew J Debnam, Renata Ferrarotto, Tracy Lu, Bita Esmaeli","doi":"10.1097/IOP.0000000000002967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/IOP.0000000000002967","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 25-year-old man presented with a locally advanced lacrimal gland adenocarcinoma with parotid metastasis. The lesion was strongly HER-2 positive (3+) on immunohistochemistry. The patient was treated with neoadjuvant trastuzumab emtansine, an antibody-drug conjugate targeting HER-2. The patient had an excellent response to neoadjuvant therapy trastuzumab emtansine, with a significant decrease in the size of the lacrimal gland carcinoma, making eye-sparing surgery a viable option for the patient. Furthermore, there was nearly complete resolution of the parotid metastasis; thus, radical neck dissection and parotidectomy were avoided.</p>","PeriodicalId":19588,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144040662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tranexamic Acid for Blepharoplasty Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Matheus Pedrotti Chavez, Filipe José Pereira, Eric Pasqualotto, Gherusa Helena Milbratz, Sara Hira, Tiago Tomaz de Souza, Jeremiah Tao","doi":"10.1097/IOP.0000000000002953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/IOP.0000000000002953","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Periorbital ecchymosis and edema are common postoperative concerns in blepharoplasty surgery, negatively impacting recovery and patient satisfaction. Tranexamic acid (TXA), an antifibrinolytic agent, has shown promise in mitigating ecchymosis, but its efficacy and optimal administration route remain uncertain. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of intravenous (IV) or subcutaneous TXA in blepharoplasty surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane for randomized controlled trials comparing TXA to no TXA use in blepharoplasty. The primary endpoint was the ecchymosis score, evaluated at postoperative day (POD) 0, POD 1-3, and POD 7-9. Secondary outcomes included time to resume active daily living, operative time, intraoperative pain, and adverse events. Subgroup analysis compared IV and subcutaneous administration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five randomized controlled trials comprising 594 patients and 739 eyes were included. TXA significantly reduced ecchymosis scores at POD 0 (standardized mean difference [SMD]: -0.23; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.43 to -0.04; p = 0.02), POD 1-3 (SMD: -0.56; 95% CI: -0.81 to -0.31; p < 0.01), POD 7-9 (SMD: -0.65; 95% CI: -1.12 to -0.17; p < 0.01), and time to resume active daily living (MD: -1.22 days; 95% CI: -1.63 to -0.80; p < 0.01). Subgroup analysis revealed significant differences between subcutaneous (SMD: -0.36; 95% CI: -0.57 to -0.15; p < 0.01) and IV TXA (SMD: -0.97; 95% CI: -1.37 to -0.56; p < 0.01) on ecchymosis at POD 7-9. There were no adverse events related to TXA.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>According to the current literature, TXA safely reduces ecchymosis and accelerates recovery in blepharoplasty, with a greater effect of IV administration in the late period. Further, high-quality randomized controlled trials using standardized ecchymosis grading scores are needed to validate these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":19588,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144022117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inflation-Adjusted Changes in Medicare Reimbursements for Commonly Performed Oculoplastics Procedures Over the Last Decade.","authors":"Jonathan Siktberg, Howard Zhang, Sean T Berkowitz, Xiangyu Ji, Qingxia Chen, Rachel K Sobel","doi":"10.1097/IOP.0000000000002945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/IOP.0000000000002945","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study examines the inflation-adjusted changes in Medicare reimbursements for the most commonly performed oculoplastic procedures performed in the clinic and in the operating room from 2014 to 2023.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The 2021 Medicare National Summary Data File was used to identify the 15 most often performed oculoplastics office procedures and operating room procedures in Medicare Part B beneficiaries by Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code. The yearly reimbursements for each of these 30 CPT codes over the last decade were found using the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule Online Tool available on CMS.gov. Adjustments for inflation were made using the Consumer Price Index from the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. Descriptive statistics were computed to show the change in reimbursement amount over time. Spearman rank correlation coefficients between the inflation-adjusted reimbursement amount and year were used to evaluate the trend over time for each procedure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average nominal change in payment amount was -3.5% (range: -63.6% to 12.5%) for office CPT codes and -7.7% (range: -35.3% to 6.5%) for facility CPT codes. The average inflation-adjusted change in payment amount was -24.6% (range: -71.5% to -12.1%) for office codes and -27.8% (range: -49.4% to -16.8%) for facility codes. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between inflation-adjusted reimbursement level and year of assessment for 29 of 30 CPT codes tested.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Medicare inflation-adjusted reimbursements for the most commonly performed oculoplastic procedures have significantly decreased over the last decade with an average decline of 24.6% for office procedures and 27.8% for operating room procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":19588,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143984554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors for Worsening Dry Eye Symptoms in Patients Undergoing External Levator Advancement Surgery.","authors":"Christine J Zemsky, Larissa K Ghadiali, Noam Rudnick, Marycon C Jiro, Bryan J Winn","doi":"10.1097/IOP.0000000000002947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/IOP.0000000000002947","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Few studies have examined dry eye syndrome (DES) as a consequence of external levator advancement surgery. The purpose of this retrospective study was to examine risk factors for dry eye signs and symptoms after external levator advancement in order to improve preoperative planning.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective chart analysis was performed on all patients who underwent external levator advancement from January 2010 to April 2015 performed by one surgeon (B.J.W.). Margin reflex distance-1 (MRD1) and margin reflex distance-2 were measured preoperatively and postoperatively. Dry eye symptoms (DSXs) were recorded for visits preoperatively, postoperatively at week 1, and postoperatively at month 3. DSXs were graded 0 to 3. Subgroup analysis was performed on patients with pre-existing DES diagnosis and on eyes undergoing additional simultaneous procedures. Statistical measures included linear regression, Pearson χ2 tests, and analysis of variance with post hoc comparison tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 190 eyes (115 patients) were included; 39% were patients with DES and 56% had simultaneous surgeries. Postoperative values for both MRD1 and margin reflex distance-2 and the change in values for MRD1 (postoperatively at month 3 to preoperatively) were statistically significant between patients with worsening versus those without worsening DSX. Differences in DSX in patients with DES were significant preoperatively and postoperatively at week 1 but not postoperatively at month 3. Comparing those patients with DES with worsening DSX versus those with improving DSX, those with worsening DSX had no difference in final MRD1 but did have a greater change in MRD1.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Larger postoperative values of MRD1, margin reflex distance-2, and change in MRD1 are associated with worsening postoperative dry eye symptoms in those undergoing external levator advancement. In patients with DES, there was no significant difference in final MRD1; however, a greater change from preoperative and postoperative MRD1 was associated with worsening DSX. Oculoplastic surgeons may consider doing simultaneous lower eyelid surgery that decreases margin reflex distance-2 to potentially help reduce the chance of postoperative dry eye symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":19588,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144026148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single Central Suture Mueller Muscle Conjunctival Resection Without Phenylephrine Test: 6-Year Experience.","authors":"Pelin Celiker, Diane Wang, Wenyu Deng, Roman Shinder","doi":"10.1097/IOP.0000000000002957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/IOP.0000000000002957","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Mueller muscle conjunctival resection (MMCR) is widely used for the management of involutional ptosis and various techniques have been described. The decision to pursue MMCR classically depends on preoperative phenylephrine test (PPT). In this study, we assess the outcomes of a revised single central suture MMCR (csMMCR) without PPT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a retrospective review of patients with involutional ptosis undergoing csMMCR without PPT by a single surgeon (R.S.) between February 2017 and February 2023. Patients were excluded if they had alternate etiologies of ptosis, follow-up <3 months, prior eyelid trauma/surgery, levator function <12 mm, moderate/severe dry eye, poor/fair Bell phenomenon or orbicularis tone, lagophthalmos, or adjunctive concurrent procedures. Hering's response and margin reflex distance-1 (MRD1) were recorded preoperatively. Surgeries were performed with local anesthesia in a minor procedure room. Patients were seen at postoperative week 1, month 1, month 3, and thereafter. Outcome measures were MRD1 at postoperative month 3 (POM3), change in MRD1, eyelid symmetry, complications, and reoperation rate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 597 patients, with 985 ptotic eyelids, were included; 382 (64%) were women, with a mean age of 66 years; and 388 (65%) patients had bilateral repair. All patients demonstrated an improved eyelid position with a mean increase in MRD1 at POM3 of 2.72 mm. A total of 568 (95.1%) patients showed eyelid symmetry within 1 mm at POM3 (p < 0.001). Reoperation rate for residual ptosis was 1.42% of eyelids. There were no complications. The mean follow-up was 5.3 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>csMMCR is an effective method for involutional ptosis repair without PPT in patients with good levator function.</p>","PeriodicalId":19588,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144008401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intralesional Bleomycin Palliation: An Option for Nonoperative Sebaceous Cell Carcinoma of the Eyelid.","authors":"Daisy Liu, Angela Oh, Ashley Shirriff, Erica Wilson Rapola, Pallavi Singh, Taras Gout, Robert A Goldberg","doi":"10.1097/IOP.0000000000002949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/IOP.0000000000002949","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sebaceous cell carcinoma is a rare malignant skin tumor that typically requires surgical resection. However, for the nonsurgical patient, options are limited. Patients may not be candidates for repeated surgical resection or aggressive systemic therapy. Here, we present a case of intralesional bleomycin injection used to treat a recurrent sebaceous cell carcinoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":19588,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143997625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio in Pediatric Preseptal and Orbital Infectious Cellulitis.","authors":"James J Law, Sarp Orgul, Lauren A Tomlinson, Edward J Wladis","doi":"10.1097/IOP.0000000000002828","DOIUrl":"10.1097/IOP.0000000000002828","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an important biomarker in a variety of systemic conditions, though its role in orbital disease remains unclear. We sought to investigate the utility of the NLR in distinguishing orbital cellulitis (OC) from preseptal cellulitis (PC) in a pediatric population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The earliest available NLRs of immunocompetent pediatric patients who presented to the emergency department with OC and PC were calculated from a single institution's database. Demographic and interventional data related to each encounter were also gathered. NLRs were compared via the Mann-Whitney test between OC and PC cases. Among patients with OC, the relationship between presenting NLR and requirement for surgical intervention and between presenting NLR and subperiosteal abscess was similarly examined. All statistical analyses were performed in GraphPad Prism 9 (Insight Partners, New York, NY, U.S.A.).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-three encounters of patients with OC and 23 encounters of patients with PC were identified. Median presenting NLR for the OC group was 4.18 (standard deviation: 5.44), whereas for the PC group, it was 1.96 (standard deviation: 2.38), representing a significant difference between the 2 groups ( p < 0.001). The 26 patients with OC who required surgical intervention had significantly greater presenting NLR (median NLR: 6.53, standard deviation: 6.29) as compared to the 17 patients with OC who were managed medically (median NLR: 3.09, standard deviation: 2.37, p = 0.003). There was no statistically significant difference between 34 patients with OC who had a subperiosteal abscess (median NLR: 4.40, standard deviation: 5.91) and the 9 patients with OC who did not (median NLR: 3.84, standard deviation: 2.37, p = 0.401).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>An elevated NLR is a useful adjunct to the clinical examination in discerning OC from PC or in risk stratification for patients with OC who may need surgical treatment of their periocular infectious disease. In select cases, a reassuring NLR may allow the cost and radiation exposure associated with radiographic assessment to be avoided.</p>","PeriodicalId":19588,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"299-302"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142801926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Career Paths, Practice Location, and Scholarly Contributions of American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Fellowship Graduates, 2000-2021.","authors":"Daniel B Azzam, Leo Li Tang Meller, Michael Oca, M Reza Vagefi, Jeremiah P Tao","doi":"10.1097/IOP.0000000000002797","DOIUrl":"10.1097/IOP.0000000000002797","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To characterize American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (ASOPRS) fellowship graduates' career paths and contributions to society missions, including trends across gender, time, and geography.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective cohort study, ASOPRS fellowship graduates from 2000 to 2021 were stratified by demographics, time, and geography. Main outcomes were career paths and contributions to ASOPRS missions of advancing education, research, and quality of clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 474 ASOPRS graduates, women increased from 19% (2000-2005) to 47% (2016-2021). Women contributed equally to men in most ASOPRS missions but were underrepresented as fellowship directors ( p = 0.03). Over time, graduates after 2005 had higher publication rates (adjusted p < 0.001). Geographically, Northeast fellows (adjusted p = 0.034) and Midwest employment (adjusted p = 0.003) correlated with academic careers, while West employment conferred community careers (adjusted p < 0.001). Geographic retention near fellowship directly correlated with academic careers (adjusted p = 0.006), educational roles (adjusted p < 0.001), and publications (adjusted p = 0.006). Forty-one percent practiced in the 5 most saturated states, with fewer in the Midwest. The attrition rate of United States ASOPRS fellows who left the national workforce was 2%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>From 2000 to 2021, ASOPRS fellows entered diverse career paths with increasing gender parity, though women were underrepresented as fellowship directors. Career paths and contributions to the field varied geographically. Graduates frequently practice in saturated states, potentially exacerbating access disparities in underserved regions. These findings highlight opportunities to address geographic differences, promote workforce diversity, and align fellowships with society objectives.</p>","PeriodicalId":19588,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"258-265"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142896492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elastic Fibers in Orbital Septum.","authors":"Hirohiko Kakizaki, Aric Vaidya, Munekazu Naito, Yasuhiro Takahashi","doi":"10.1097/IOP.0000000000002816","DOIUrl":"10.1097/IOP.0000000000002816","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To examine microscopically the nature of the elastic fibers of the orbital septum in elderly specimens in comparison with the young specimen.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Histological evaluation of 15 tissues of the orbital septa from upper eyelid (8 right, 7 left) from 11 Japanese cadavers (age range: 36-94 years old, average: 75.5) was performed. The 36-year-old specimen was the only sample with a young age, so it was used as the reference. The age range of the other specimens was, therefore, from 54 to 94, with an average of 79.4 years old. The specimens were fixed in 10% formalin and stained with Elastica van Gieson.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Elastic fibers in the orbital septa were stained with Elastica van Gieson. The elastic fibers from the elderly specimens illustrated fragmentation, but those from the 36-year-old specimen showed flexibility.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The elastic fibers in older specimens underwent fragmentation, while those in the young one were flexible.</p>","PeriodicalId":19588,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"341-343"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142668487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}