One Health最新文献

{"title":"Food security: The ultimate one-health challenge","authors":"James A. Roth,&nbsp;Jane Galyon","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100864","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100864","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Food insecurity is a serious and immediate concern for the world due to challenges including overpopulation; conflicts; animal, plant, and human diseases; climate change; depletion of resources; and environmental degradation. Long-term solutions for food production must consider the impacts on the environment, water and other resources, human and animal health, and sustainable crop production.</p><p>The fundamental cause of food insecurity is the rapid and unprecedented increase in human population from approximately 2 billion people in 1925 to over 8 billion in 2023. The need for food has led to major expansion of both crop and food animal production including movement into new areas; increased production requires more resources, some of which are being depleted. This paper focuses on food animal production. Humans depend on three major species for most animal-origin food: Chickens (meat and eggs), cattle (meat and milk), and swine (meat). Each species is currently threatened by diseases that can rapidly spread internationally, and some have zoonotic potential. Diversification of animal-based food, such as expanding aquaculture can help to protect against food shortages should an epizootic occur in one or more of the above species.</p><p>Cutting-edge science is needed to improve food animal production and pathogen control. This requires an interdisciplinary one-world, one-health approach led by international organizations and funded by the developed world. An optimal response will involve scientists and policy experts from government, the private sector, and universities worldwide. Strengthening all nations' public health infrastructure and veterinary services is essential to this aim.</p><p>Fortunately, concerns about worldwide food security are concurrent with rapid advances in nearly all aspects of science, which can be applied to sustainably increase food production both locally and globally. There must be a collective will to apply science and to implement policies to solve current food security problems and to prepare for future challenges.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100864"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352771424001903/pdfft?md5=9996685932461981e988fd0c4ba29fff&pid=1-s2.0-S2352771424001903-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141850223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The contribution of animal antibiotic use to antibiotic resistance in human infections: Panel evidence from Denmark","authors":"Eve Emes ,&nbsp;Dagim Belay ,&nbsp;Gwenan M. Knight","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100856","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100856","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Antibiotic use (ABU) in animals is postulated to be a major contributor to selection of antibiotic resistance (ABR) which subsequently causes infections in human populations. However, there are few quantifications of the size of this association. Denmark, as a country with high levels of pig production and strong ABR surveillance data, is an ideal case study for exploring this association.</p><p>This study compiles a dataset on ABU across several animal species and antibiotic classes, and data on the rate of antibiotic resistance (ABR) in humans across key pathogens, in Denmark over time (2010−2020). Panel data regressions (fixed effects, random effects, first difference and pooled ordinary least squares) were used to test the association between the level of ABR in human isolates and the level of ABU in animals.</p><p>A positive relationship was identified between ABR in humans and ABU in cattle, with some evidence of a positive relationship for poultry and companion animals, and a negative relationship for fish, although the latter is likely driven by confounding factors. When lagging ABU by one year, the effect of ABU in cattle and companion animals remained similar, the effect of ABU in poultry fell in size, and ABU in fish was no longer significant, perhaps due to differences in life cycle length among animal species. Additional covariates were explored, including pet populations, agricultural production and GDP per capita (at purchasing power parity), but these results were limited by the statistical power of the dataset. Under all models, animal ABU determined only a minority of the change in human ABR levels in this context with adjusted R² ranging from 0.19 to 0.44.</p><p>This paper supports the role of animal ABU in determining human ABR levels but suggests that, despite comprising a large portion of systemwide ABU, it only explains a minority of the variation. This is likely driven in part by data limitations, and could also be due to a persistence of ABR once resistance has emerged, suggesting a significant role for socioeconomic and transmission factors in bringing ABR down to desirable levels.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100856"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352771424001824/pdfft?md5=485f48d46ae1ed9ab9a3118337121ef8&pid=1-s2.0-S2352771424001824-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141771170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cross-sectional survey of Blastocystis sp. and Dientamoeba fragilis in non-human primates and their caregivers in Czech zoos","authors":"Anna Šejnohová ,&nbsp;Monika Koutenská ,&nbsp;Milan Jirků ,&nbsp;Kristýna Brožová ,&nbsp;Zuzana Pavlíčková ,&nbsp;Oldřiška Kadlecová ,&nbsp;Ondřej Cinek ,&nbsp;Jenny G. Maloney ,&nbsp;Mónica Santín ,&nbsp;Klára J. Petrželková ,&nbsp;Kateřina Jirků","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100862","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100862","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Intestinal protists in the gut microbiome are increasingly studied, but their basic epidemiology is not well understood. We explored the prevalence, genetic diversity, and potential zoonotic transmission of two protists colonizing the large intestine - <em>Blastocystis</em> sp. and <em>Dientamoeba fragilis</em> - in 37 species of non-human primates (NHPs) and their caregivers in six zoos in the Czech Republic. We analyzed 179 fecal samples (159 from NHPs, 20 from humans) by qPCR. <em>Blastocystis</em> sp. was detected in 54.7% (98/179) of samples, in 24 NHP species and in 57.2% of NHP samples (prevalence ranged between 36 and 80%), and in 35% of human samples (prevalence ranged between 0 and 67%). Using next generation amplicon sequencing, nine <em>Blastocystis</em> subtypes (ST1-ST5, ST7, ST8, and two novel subtypes) were identified. The two new <em>Blastocystis</em> subtypes (named ST47 and ST48) were described using Nanopore sequencing to produce full-length reference sequences of the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene. Some subtypes were shared between NHPs and their caregivers, suggesting potential zoonotic transmission. Mixed subtype colonization was frequently observed, with 52% of sequenced samples containing two or more subtypes. <em>Dientamoeba</em> was found only in NHPs with a prevalence of 6%. This study emphasizes the critical role of molecular diagnostics in epidemiological and transmission studies of these protists and calls for further research to better understand their impact on public health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100862"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352771424001885/pdfft?md5=710786d524f7c6beddc811f4e2bd7203&pid=1-s2.0-S2352771424001885-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141771171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial resistance of Clostridioides difficile in veterinary medicine around the world: A scoping review of minimum inhibitory concentrations","authors":"Mauricio Andino-Molina ,&nbsp;Ines Dost ,&nbsp;Mostafa Abdel-Glil ,&nbsp;Mathias W. Pletz ,&nbsp;Heinrich Neubauer ,&nbsp;Christian Seyboldt","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100860","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100860","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;To provide a comprehensive characterization of &lt;em&gt;Clostridioides difficile&lt;/em&gt; antimicrobial resistance (AMR) data in veterinary medicine based on the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of all antimicrobial agents tested in relation to the techniques used.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;A systematic scoping review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) and its associated checklist. The objective was to provide a synthesis of the evidence in a summarized and analyzed format.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To this end, three scientific databases were consulted: Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science, up until December 2021. Subsequently, all identified literature was subjected to screening and classification in accordance with the established study criteria, with the objective of subsequent evaluation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Study selection and data extraction&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;A comprehensive analysis was conducted on studies regarding &lt;em&gt;Clostridioides difficile&lt;/em&gt; antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in veterinary medicine across various animal species and related sources. The analysis included studies that presented data on antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the &lt;em&gt;E&lt;/em&gt;-test, agar dilution, or broth microdilution techniques. The extracted data included minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values and a comprehensive characterization analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;A total of 1582 studies were identified in scientific databases, of which only 80 were subjected to analysis. The research on &lt;em&gt;Clostridioides difficile&lt;/em&gt; antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in veterinary medicine is most prolific in Europe and North America. The majority of isolates originate from production animals (55%) and pets (15%), with pigs, horses, and cattle being the most commonly studied species. The tested agents' minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and resulting putative antimicrobial resistance profiles exhibited considerable diversity across animal species and sources of isolation. Additionally, AMR characterization has been conducted at the gene and genomic level in animal strains. The &lt;em&gt;E&lt;/em&gt;-test was the most frequently utilized method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). Furthermore, the breakpoints for interpreting the MICs were found to be highly heterogeneous and frequently observed regardless of the geographical origin of the publication.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Antimicrobial susceptibility testing techniques and results were found to be diverse and heterogeneous. There is no evidence of an exclusive antimicrobial resistance pattern in any animal species. Despite the phenotypic and genomic data collected over the years, further interdisciplinary studies are necessary. Our findings underscore the necessity for international collaboration to establish uniform standards for &lt;em&gt;C. difficile&lt;/em&gt; antimicrobi","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100860"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352771424001861/pdfft?md5=bbf53ba98e45a87213e89573449fe5c5&pid=1-s2.0-S2352771424001861-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141771173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contract governance to reduce antimicrobial overuse in hog farms in China","authors":"Ruishi Si ,&nbsp;Xin Liu ,&nbsp;Xueqian Zhang ,&nbsp;Yi Chen ,&nbsp;Wen Xiang ,&nbsp;Mingyue Liu ,&nbsp;Yongfeng Tan ,&nbsp;Guotao Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100859","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100859","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Antimicrobial resistance caused by the overuse of antimicrobials by farmers is an essential health issue. Currently, signing contracts between farmers and cooperatives has become crucial for small farmers to integrate into the modern agricultural industry chain. Unlike vertical government governance, which aims to intervene in the overuse of antimicrobials by farmers through many mandatory or incentive measures, contract governance refers to the social governance model that clarifies rights and obligations between farmers and cooperatives to ensure the adequate performance of contracts, which is especially beneficial to regulate farmers' safe production behavior such as the standard use of antimicrobials. However, there is a research gap concerning the effectiveness of contract governance in inhibiting farmers' overuse of animal antimicrobials. This study applies propensity score matching and mediation analysis method to assess how contract governance affects the overuse of antimicrobials by hog farmers. The paper uses data from 498 hog farmers of China's Hebei, Henan, and Hubei provinces to explore the impact and underlying mechanisms of contract governance on antimicrobial overuse in agriculture. The results showed that contract governance was found to inhibit the overuse of antimicrobials, with the amount paid for antimicrobials reduced by 118 yuan/household. We found evidence that this effect is exerted through three mechanisms: cooperative supervision (<em>CS</em>), technical guidance (<em>TG</em>), and product premium perception (<em>PP</em>). The <em>CS</em>, <em>TG</em>, and <em>PP</em> mediation effects accounted for 19.94%, 27.90%, and 26.93% of the total impact, respectively. Therefore, policy implications of these results include strengthening the standard of contract signing procedures and the integrity of executing contracts, increasing the market premium for products that meet the antimicrobial residue standards, and enhancing farmers' knowledge and contracting ability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100859"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S235277142400185X/pdfft?md5=58f46ca6a1afe2558c2514be7d04e067&pid=1-s2.0-S235277142400185X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141771172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) sequence type (ST) 30 from house rats (Rattus tanezumi) in Hong Kong.","authors":"Theethawat Uea-Anuwong ,&nbsp;Roger Stephan ,&nbsp;Marc J.A. Stevens ,&nbsp;Sara Boss ,&nbsp;Kittitat Lugsomya ,&nbsp;Lam Hoi Kiu ,&nbsp;Maedeh Kamali ,&nbsp;Yrjö Tapio Gröhn ,&nbsp;Omid Nekouei ,&nbsp;Ioannis Magouras","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100861","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100861","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (MRSA) is of major public health concern due to its resistance to multiple antibiotics. This resistance has been observed in various settings, including hospitals and communities, and has been detected in both animals and humans. Although peridomestic rat species (<em>Rattus</em> spp.) are well described reservoirs of several human pathogens and antimicrobial resistant bacteria, little is known about their role in MRSA epidemiology. In order to investigate whether <em>Rattus</em> spp. in Hong Kong are potential carriers of MRSA, 221 rats were caught from various ecological areas and nasopharyngeal samples were cultured on MRSA selective media. Genotypic characteristics of MRSA were confirmed by whole genome sequencing. Two clonal sequence type (ST) 30 MRSA isolates, harbouring <em>mecA</em> on staphylococcal chromosome cassette (SCC) <em>mec</em> type IVc, were cultured from two house rats (<em>Rattus tanezumi</em>) caught in two densely populated urban areas. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first detection of community-associated (CA)-MRSA strain ST30 SCC<em>mec</em> IVc in peridomestic rodents in Hong Kong and globally. Our finding indicates that house rats can be carriers of MRSA strains that are widely distributed in the community.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100861"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352771424001873/pdfft?md5=fdd9a638d34335f3d390b7645552035a&pid=1-s2.0-S2352771424001873-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141839744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IHR-PVS National Bridging Workshop for Somalia: An interactive and participatory approach for operationalizing the One Health roadmap","authors":"Abdinasir Yusuf Osman ,&nbsp;Asma Saidouni ,&nbsp;Lillian Wayua Wambua ,&nbsp;Heba Mahrous ,&nbsp;Sk Md Mamunur Rahman Malik ,&nbsp;Mutaawe Lubogo ,&nbsp;Reinhilde Van de Weerdt ,&nbsp;Ali Hadji Adam ,&nbsp;Hassan Hussien Mohamed ,&nbsp;Khadija Al Makhzoumi ,&nbsp;Guled Abdijalil Ali ,&nbsp;Mohamed Omar Nur ,&nbsp;Sonia Fevre ,&nbsp;Gerald Mucheru ,&nbsp;Sophycate Njue ,&nbsp;Alain Okito Mosindo ,&nbsp;Kaitlin Sandhaus ,&nbsp;Rosita Claesson Wigand ,&nbsp;Claire Standley ,&nbsp;Erin Sorrell ,&nbsp;Siobhan M. Mor","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100858","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100858","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>National Bridging Workshops (NBW) are a tool for reviewing collaboration gaps between line ministries relevant to the One Health framework.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The NBW for Somalia was held on November 11–13, 2023 in Nairobi, Kenya with support from WHO and WOAH. Participants included representatives from the Somali government both national and sub-national (including Ministry of Health; Ministry of Livestock, Forestry and Range; Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation; and Ministry of Environment and Climate Change). Other participants included representatives from non-governmental organizations, academia and the quadripartite. Structured sessions guided participants through a step-by-step process, starting from identifying gaps to collectively developing solutions. The design of these sessions aimed to foster active engagement and collaboration with the outcomes of each session contributing to the subsequent one.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 60 participants partook in the exercise, representing human health (35%), animal health (27%), agriculture (13%), environmental health (7%) and other relevant sectors (18%). Eighty-three percent of participants represented the national level and 17% the sub-national level. The collaborative effort yielded a joint roadmap comprising 36 activities and 11 objectives. Priority objectives included: development of national joint surveillance systems for selected One Health threats (41/47 votes, or 87% of the total votes); establishment of a high-level ministerial system to govern and coordinate One Health activities (30/47; 64%); and establishment of emergency funding structures for priority zoonotic diseases along with development of a 5-year national investment plan for One Health (27/47; 57%). A total of 94% of activities required low or moderate cost to be implemented, and 90% of activities were identified to have a likely high impact on multisectoral collaboration. The timeline for implementing the activities is projected to span one to two years.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The workshop promoted high-level engagement, national ownership, and leadership in addressing health threats at the human-animal-environment interface. The resulting co-created roadmap will be integrated into the National Action Plan for Health Security, supporting ongoing One Health efforts in Somalia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100858"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352771424001848/pdfft?md5=13e5c9ff36195d01135810cadcf58961&pid=1-s2.0-S2352771424001848-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141699009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salmonella carriage by geckos detected within households in Malawi","authors":"Catherine N. Wilson ,&nbsp;Patrick Musicha ,&nbsp;Mathew A. Beale ,&nbsp;Yohane Diness ,&nbsp;Oscar Kanjerwa ,&nbsp;Chifundo Salifu ,&nbsp;Zefaniah Katuah ,&nbsp;Patricia Duncan ,&nbsp;John Nyangu ,&nbsp;Andrew Mungu ,&nbsp;Muonaouza Deleza ,&nbsp;Lawrence Banda ,&nbsp;Lumbani Makhaza ,&nbsp;Nicola Elviss ,&nbsp;Christopher P. Jewell ,&nbsp;Gina Pinchbeck ,&nbsp;Nicholas R. Thomson ,&nbsp;Nicholas A. Feasey ,&nbsp;Eric M. Fèvre","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100848","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100848","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Salmonella</em> was isolated from 23/79 (29.1%) pooled gecko stool samples from households in southern Malawi. Whole genome sequencing of 47 individual isolates within this collection revealed 27 <em>Salmonella</em> serovars spanning two subspecies. Our results demonstrate that geckos play an important role in the carriage of <em>Salmonella</em> within households.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100848"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352771424001745/pdfft?md5=0e56700142349c6ba80cf2f5cc73004f&pid=1-s2.0-S2352771424001745-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141696119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of zoonotic hepatitis E virus in domestic pigs and wild boar in Vietnam: Implications for public health","authors":"Le Chi Cao ,&nbsp;Le Nguyen Nhat Ha ,&nbsp;Tran Thi Giang ,&nbsp;Vo Minh Tiep ,&nbsp;Ngo Thi Minh Chau ,&nbsp;Ton Nu Phuong Anh ,&nbsp;Pham Khanh Duy ,&nbsp;Le Phuc Nhan ,&nbsp;Nguyen Thi Thu Hoai ,&nbsp;Le Thi Kieu Linh ,&nbsp;Nourhane Hafza ,&nbsp;C. Thomas Bock ,&nbsp;Truong Nhat My ,&nbsp;Bui Tien Sy ,&nbsp;Nguyen Linh Toan ,&nbsp;Le Huu Song ,&nbsp;Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100857","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Vietnam's unprecedented demand for meat from livestock, including pigs and farmed wildlife, underscores the importance of understanding zoonotic reservoirs for hepatitis E virus (HEV). This study aimed to identify and characterize circulating zoonotic HEV in domestic pigs and wild boar to understand genotype frequencies, transmission dynamics, and associated human health burdens. Rectal swabs, feces, and liver samples from 415 pigs and 102 wild boars were collected across various farms and slaughterhouses in central and southern Vietnam and screened for HEV RNA using nested PCR. HEV RNA-positive samples underwent sanger sequencing and genotyping. Overall, 10% (<em>n</em> = 54/517) of samples were HEV RNA-positive, with wild boars exhibiting the highest HEV positivity rate at 25%, followed by domestic pigs at 7%. Southern Vietnam showed a higher HEV RNA positivity rate (20%) compared to central Vietnam (7%). Notably, rectal swabs demonstrated the highest positivity rate (15%), followed by feces (8%) and liver (4%). HEV-3a was the predominant genotype at 85%, followed by HEV-4b at 9% and HEV-3f at 6%. While HEV-3a was distributed across both central and southern Vietnam, HEV-3f was exclusively detected in central Vietnam, and HEV-4b was identified in wild boar in southern Vietnam. These findings underscore the substantial prevalence of HEV in wild boars, emphasizing their potential as crucial zoonotic reservoirs alongside domestic pigs. Further investigations involving occupationally exposed individuals in high-prevalence areas are warranted to evaluate the human health impact of zoonotic hepatitis E and inform preventive measures. Regular epidemiological studies are imperative for assessing the prevalence and transmission of zoonotic HEV infections among common reservoirs, thereby aiding in the prevention of spillover events within the community.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100857"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352771424001836/pdfft?md5=190023b8ec537c99ea8701bf9a8b585c&pid=1-s2.0-S2352771424001836-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141605582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroreactivity against Leptospira spp. differs between community cats and privately-owned cats in Hong Kong","authors":"Wing Yan Jacqueline Tam ,&nbsp;Omid Nekouei ,&nbsp;Francesca Rizzo ,&nbsp;Lok See Tiffany Cheng ,&nbsp;Yan Ru Choi ,&nbsp;Megan Staples ,&nbsp;Stefan Hobi ,&nbsp;Jane Gray ,&nbsp;Fiona Woodhouse ,&nbsp;Patricia Yi Man Shuen ,&nbsp;Ying Fei Chai ,&nbsp;Julia A. Beatty ,&nbsp;Vanessa R. Barrs","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100851","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Leptospirosis is a bacterial zoonotic disease of major One Health significance and public health impact globally, with a wide host range including mammals, cetaceans and herpetofauna. This study aimed to determine <em>Leptospira</em> seroprevalence, risk factors for seroreactivity and prevalence of urinary <em>Leptospira</em> shedding among domestic cats in Hong Kong.</p><p>Microagglutination testing of 22 <em>Leptospira</em> serovars from 20 serogroups was performed on 738 sera from outdoor free-roaming “community” cats (<em>n</em> = 391) and privately-owned (<em>n</em> = 347) cats. Urine from 268 community cats was tested for pathogenic <em>Leptospira</em> DNA by qPCR targeting <em>lipL32</em>. Potential risk factors associated with exposure were assessed using logistic regression.</p><p>Overall <em>Leptospira</em> seroprevalence was 9.35%. Of 14 serogroups detected, Javanica (4.3%), Djasiman (2.3%) and Australis (1.5%) were most common. Seroreactivity was significantly higher among community (13.3%) than privately-owned cats (4.9%; OR 2.98 [95% CI 1.68–5.25], <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), especially to Javanica (7.65% of community cats versus 0.58% of privately-owned cats (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Antibody titres to all serogroups ranged from 1:100 to 1:6400 (median 1:200) and were highest for Javanica (median 1:800).</p><p><em>Leptospira</em> DNA was detected in urine from 12/268 community cats (4.48%; median load 6.42 × 10² copies/mL urine; range 1.40 × 10¹–9.63 × 10⁴). One in three seroreactive community cats with paired urine and blood samples had leptospiruria. After adjusting for source, none of breed, sex, neuter status, age, district rodent infestation rate, serum alanine transaminase or creatinine values were associated with seroreactivity.</p><p>Cats in Hong Kong are exposed to a diversity of <em>Leptospira</em> serogroups and can shed <em>Leptospira</em> silently in urine. The higher seroprevalence among outdoor free-roaming community cats highlights the importance of environmental drivers in leptospirosis transmission and risks of exposure for sympatric human populations. Gloves should be worn when handling feline urine to minimise the risk of zoonotic transmission from subclinically infected cats.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100851"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352771424001770/pdfft?md5=fa2eaf6a38c03d917fcec7573038d676&pid=1-s2.0-S2352771424001770-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141594788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}