{"title":"Recent Dickens Studies: 2017","authors":"Susan E. Cook","doi":"10.5325/DICKSTUDANNU.50.1.0130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/DICKSTUDANNU.50.1.0130","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:This essay surveys Dickens scholarship and adaptations published in 2017, summarizing over two hundred books, chapters, articles, and other forms of media. Scholarship from 2017 featured a focus on biography and source studies; print culture including authors, readers, and publication practices; intermediality; language, form, and genre; science, religion, and philosophy; finance, economics, and class; geography, travel, and empire; gender and sexuality; animals and the environment; visual culture and museum culture; food; pedagogy and education; and editions, notes, and other resources. This review includes several web-based resources related to Dickens that may be of interest to scholars, as well as several adaptations.","PeriodicalId":195639,"journal":{"name":"Dickens Studies Annual: Essays on Victorian Fiction","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133861237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Rise of Proto-Environmentalism in George Eliot","authors":"Sophie Christman","doi":"10.5325/DICKSTUDANNU.50.1.0081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/DICKSTUDANNU.50.1.0081","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:The “Ilfracombe” journals, “Ex Oriente Lux,” and “A Minor Prophet” register the ways in which George Eliot’s nineteenth-century nonfiction prose and poetry evidence ecotheological concerns that are proto-environmental, concerns that are also reflected in some of her novels. Employing an ecocritical methodology, this article traces the development of Eliot’s ecological literacy, beginning with her scientific field observations that incubated what would become her lifelong literary aesthetic of moral sympathy put forth in “The Natural History of German Life.” Eliot’s initial moral sympathy advanced to an ecotheological perspective made visible in both Eliot’s unpublished lyric poem “Ex Oriente Lux” and her canonic verse “A Minor Prophet.” Eliot’s early and mature writings countervailed the competing discourses of theology and science as they relate to the natural environment.","PeriodicalId":195639,"journal":{"name":"Dickens Studies Annual: Essays on Victorian Fiction","volume":"520 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123057705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dickens’s Anonymous Margins: Names, Network Theory, and the Serial Novel","authors":"A. Grener, Isabel Parker","doi":"10.5325/DICKSTUDANNU.50.1.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/DICKSTUDANNU.50.1.0020","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:This article argues that anonymous characters serve an important role within Dickens’s effort to render the networked nature of Victorian society. Building on recent scholarship that has turned to “networks” to examine Dickens’s complex and evolving character systems, this article details the insights gleaned from an interdisciplinary research program that uses computational methods to map Dickens’s character networks as they develop during a novel’s serial production. In particular, it highlights the problems presented by characters who remain nameless: while these characters may seem insignificant or a mere background to the action of a novel, they frequently inhabit functionally and structurally significant positions within character networks that aim to capture complex social relationships. Through detailed analysis of anonymous characters in Martin Chuzzlewit and Bleak House, this article argues that anonymity becomes one way in which Dickens’s novels aim to reconcile particularized and structural perspectives on the social body. Although it is easy to fixate on Dickens’s idiosyncratic practices of naming characters, those who remain nameless actually provide important insights into Dickens’s navigation of serial form and the development of his representational practices from his earliest sketches through to his final novels.","PeriodicalId":195639,"journal":{"name":"Dickens Studies Annual: Essays on Victorian Fiction","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132338659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Emergence of Emergence: G. H. Lewes, Middlemarch, and Social Order","authors":"D. Bivona","doi":"10.5325/DICKSTUDANNU.50.1.0066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/DICKSTUDANNU.50.1.0066","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:The judgment that George Eliot’s lover, G. H. Lewes, was the first to formulate and name the scientific concept of emergence is now widely accepted. When she edited the final volume of his last work, Problems of Life and Mind, which was published shortly after his death in 1877 and before hers in 1880, she both helped ensure a place in scientific history for Lewes as the first theorist of “emergence” in the nineteenth century, and provided the world with a philosophical introduction to the rich array of emergent themes that helped to make her novel Middlemarch one of the finest works of Victorian realism.","PeriodicalId":195639,"journal":{"name":"Dickens Studies Annual: Essays on Victorian Fiction","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114599377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Handmade Landscape: Manual Labor and the Construction of Eden in Dickens’s Martin Chuzzlewit","authors":"C. Wilkinson","doi":"10.5325/DICKSTUDANNU.49.2.0330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/DICKSTUDANNU.49.2.0330","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:In his 1843 novel, Martin Chuzzlewit, Dickens used the pastoral mode to deliver a strong message about labor. To communicate this message, he employed the mode’s many traits, including its retreat into and return from the rural landscape and its focus on the country worker, traditionally the shepherd. This essay follows the novel’s pastoral retreat into the United States, where young Martin comes to understand the realities of manual labor through his physical interactions with the American landscape. His companion, Mark Tapley, meanwhile, performs the emotional labor of the servant by initially shielding middle-class Martin from this painful knowledge. Both men, however, must confront manual labor on a massive scale upon reaching “Eden,” a hideous landscape that Dickens constructed referring to passages from his travelogue about his 1842 trip to the United States, American Notes. The landscape in Eden documents the decaying atmosphere of slavery as recorded in Dickens’s travelogue. It also recreates for Martin the physical experience that Dickens had as a child of entering a vast, foreign world of factory work. Ultimately, Dickens’s uses the pastoral to uncover a horror that usually lies beneath a beautiful surface: that the civilized landscape demands enslaved or nearly enslaved labor for its construction.","PeriodicalId":195639,"journal":{"name":"Dickens Studies Annual: Essays on Victorian Fiction","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134449447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Getting Bored with Hard Times","authors":"Kailana Durnan","doi":"10.5325/DICKSTUDANNU.49.2.0402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/DICKSTUDANNU.49.2.0402","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:This essay confronts an impasse in criticism of Charles Dickens’s Hard Times (1854) by working to take the novel’s principal weakness—its tediousness—seriously, not only as a matter of sociohistorical concern, but also as a strategy for literary representation. I situate the novel within a cultural history of boredom that originates in the eighteenth century, arguing that Hard Times represents an important moment in the synthetic development of a democratic conceptualization of this situated psychological condition. As such, the novel forges similarities across differences in class, professional, and gender identity, and models a form of collectivizing sympathetic attention that works against novelistic teleology to productively frustrate readerly pleasure. The essay works to challenge the factory/circus binary that so often dominates critical accounts of the novel, instead illuminating Dickens’s ambivalent interest in this unlikely (because anti-energetic) source of textual energy. In locating boredom as the novel’s guiding heuristic, I argue, we can better account for the affordances and limits of Hard Times’ antiutilitarian critique as well as its politics of reading.","PeriodicalId":195639,"journal":{"name":"Dickens Studies Annual: Essays on Victorian Fiction","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117082594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“This Schoolroom is a Nation”: Subverting the Catechistic Method in Dickens","authors":"Eric G. Lorentzen","doi":"10.5325/DICKSTUDANNU.49.2.0279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/DICKSTUDANNU.49.2.0279","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:The catechistic method was a popular form of the rote memorization pedagogy which dominated Victorian schools, and sought to keep at-risk learners content with their marginalized social positions. In fact, this educational praxis became so popular that its tactics were embraced by many figures desiring social power beyond the schoolroom, a point upon which Dickens dwells at considerable length throughout his texts. This essay surveys a few varieties of catechistic primers that were designed for these disciplinary functions, and examines some of the more infamous ways catechism was utilized in early nineteenth-century British literature. Subsequently, the essay scrutinizes the almost overwhelming number of instances of the catechistic method in Dickens’s novels to demonstrate both his critique of this question and answer power dynamic, and the ways in which his characters deploy, evade, co-opt, and subvert the ideological directives of catechism, as they strive for their own liberation and agency. By recognizing the evolution of Dickens’s critique of catechistic method, both in and beyond the arena of the Victorian classroom, we can much better appreciate the extent of his cautionary tales about the ways in which education functioned as a normalizing force of social control.","PeriodicalId":195639,"journal":{"name":"Dickens Studies Annual: Essays on Victorian Fiction","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129126740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“’Tis the Mind That Sees Things”: Flexible Epistemology as Social Reform in Charles Reade’s It Is Never Too Late to Mend","authors":"K. Pond","doi":"10.5325/DICKSTUDANNU.49.2.0429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/DICKSTUDANNU.49.2.0429","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:Although Charles Reade was one of the most popular novelists of his day, he has gone the way of many other writers whose critical standing suffered because of their reliance on melodrama and sensationalism. His 1856 novel, It Is Never Too Late to Mend, which propelled Reade to fame, has received some limited attention, but critics tend to ignore the Australia plot in favor of the progressive social critique contained in the prison plot. This essay argues for the narrative power and significance of the Australia plot as the site of Reade’s critique of epistemological certainty. First, I look at how nineteenth-century epistemology was connected to empire and the bildungsroman. Second, I examine the contrasting epistemologies of Robinson and George and trace how Robinson’s flexible epistemology is connected to his transformation. Finally, I highlight a series of reversals at the novel’s conclusion that revise the basis for progress in the bildungsroman and challenge the inflexibility of English perception. This essay positions Reade’s novel as an important example of the complexity of Victorian epistemological perspectives. It also identifies Reade’s revisions to the bildungsroman as an important aesthetic component of his narrative style and key part of his social reform.","PeriodicalId":195639,"journal":{"name":"Dickens Studies Annual: Essays on Victorian Fiction","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134211615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“Drop the Curtain”: Astonishment and the Anxieties of Authorship in Charles Dickens’s Sketches by Boz","authors":"Christina Jen","doi":"10.5325/DICKSTUDANNU.49.2.0249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/DICKSTUDANNU.49.2.0249","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:This essay critically examines Sketches by Boz as Charles Dickens’s self-conscious representation of the anxieties of authorship, especially in its early stages. At a time when the young, budding writer had launched his public career, hopeful of lasting celebrity and aware of the risks of the literary venture, Dickens’s projection of uncertainty in his own particular formation and practice of the sketch sets up the sketch’s dynamic relation to nineteenth-century theater and visual culture. “Astonishment,” the essay argues, emerges as a device Dickens borrows from the stage and adapts for the sketch. The many appearances of astonishment in his sketches, not limited to scenes of performance but also extended to depictions of the everyday, reveal his growing consciousness of unpredictability and impermanence in his work’s public reception and potential for generating social transformation. In three sections, the essay analyzes the influence of theatrical anxieties and styles on the form and content of Sketches, locates the theatrical affect of astonishment in everyday contexts, and explores astonishment’s capacity for activating social reform.","PeriodicalId":195639,"journal":{"name":"Dickens Studies Annual: Essays on Victorian Fiction","volume":"378 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133401315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neither High-Church, Low-Church, nor No-Church: Religious Dissatisfaction and Dissent in Bleak House","authors":"C. Dickinson","doi":"10.5325/dickstudannu.49.2.0349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/dickstudannu.49.2.0349","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:In Bleak House, Dickens gives us a panoramic view of the corrupted English society of his day. Scholars have dissected the novel for decades, and often read it through the lens of these corrupted institutions. However, their attention focuses primarily on the Aristocracy or the Courts, forgetting one institution nearly as large and just as corrupt: the Church. On closer examination of the novel, it is clear that Dickens had this institution in mind as one which added to the nation’s decay. It is particularly interesting to note that Bleak House began its serial run in 1852, just one year after the religious census which showed how great a sectarian divide existed in the nation. By examining the novel through the division and corruption of the church in all its denominational leanings, we can come to a fuller understanding of the importance of the church itself in Victorian religious culture, and perhaps even get a glimpse into another matter of intense debate: Dickens’s own personal religious beliefs.","PeriodicalId":195639,"journal":{"name":"Dickens Studies Annual: Essays on Victorian Fiction","volume":"368 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124611909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}