{"title":"Recognizing Status in Charles Dickens's Hard Times","authors":"Albert D. Pionke","doi":"10.5325/dickstudannu.48.1.0145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/dickstudannu.48.1.0145","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Although most often read for its fictional—and, for many reviewers and critics, vaguely unsatisfying—response to the condition of England question, Hard Times also analyzes the historical peculiarities of Victorian middle-class status with sufficient sophistication to test the limits of later sociological and cultural theory from Max Weber and Pierre Bourdieu. Attentive to several of the warrants that might legitimize the exercise of domination in Victorian society and reliant upon the use of type concepts at the level of character, Dickens identifies each possible warrant for public domination with one or more representative characters, whose respective loss of status before the end of the narrative then undermines his or her associated warrant. Their systematic repudiation results in a figure \"of wonderful no-meaning,\" middle-class status, which is provocatively constructed by Dickens on the basis of a series of categorical negations, and which therefore can be confirmed only through its recognition from those—whether circus performers or periodical readers—in a position to be dominated. In rendering status a highly figurative and uncertain affair, Hard Times suggests that ultimately novelists may be the best sociologists when it comes to representing the epistemologically unstable society of the Victorian middle classes.","PeriodicalId":195639,"journal":{"name":"Dickens Studies Annual: Essays on Victorian Fiction","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129045546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Anticipated Ends, Atonement, and the Serialization of Gaskell's North and South","authors":"Elizabeth Coggin Womack","doi":"10.5325/dickstudannu.48.1.0231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/dickstudannu.48.1.0231","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Scholars addressing the conflict between Elizabeth Gaskell and her editor Charles Dickens during the serialization of North and South tend to focus on her resistance to his heavy editorial hand or his chagrin at her less suspenseful style. This essay turns instead to their shared tendency to refer to fictional works-in-progress as alive yet mortal—a guiding metaphor that shapes the novel's morbid concluding themes. Dickens, as editor, understood what he called the \"vitality\" of Gaskell's fiction in terms of sustained readership, while Gaskell sensed that \"Margaret\"—both her protagonist and her eponymously named manuscript—lived in some way, and could therefore die should the novel fail artistically. These themes color the novel's conclusion, where we find not only the flaws that prompted Gaskell's fears of failure, but also a series of morbid meditations as the protagonist anticipates deathbed retrospection and regret. This study of Dickens and Gaskell's joint investment in the \"life\" and \"death\" of fiction, together with Margaret's morbid meditations and desire for atonement, allows us to read in North and South a collaborative yet contested meditation on the anticipated ends of serial fiction.","PeriodicalId":195639,"journal":{"name":"Dickens Studies Annual: Essays on Victorian Fiction","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132049106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dickens, Hogarth, and Artistic Perception: The Case of Nicholas Nickleby","authors":"Andrew N. Mangham","doi":"10.5325/dickstudannu.48.1.0059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/dickstudannu.48.1.0059","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This essay considers the interest shared by William Hogarth and Charles Dickens in the idea of instrumentality in the art of realism. Taking his cue from eighteenth-century epistemological philosophy, Hogarth developed an idea of beauty and realism as insisting upon the need for human subjectivity or perspective. Naïve realism was a style that troubled both Hogarth and Dickens, and both men developed forms in which caricature, melodrama, and exaggeration are crucial to the development of verisimilitude. Considering the progress pieces and the writings of Hogarth as a preface to the style of Dickens, I argue that Nicholas Nickleby developed an extraordinary self-reflexivity. Both Nicholas and his uncle Ralph form part of a narrative study of the implications of filtering perception through the distorting lens of the individual.","PeriodicalId":195639,"journal":{"name":"Dickens Studies Annual: Essays on Victorian Fiction","volume":"6 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120912646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"\"Nothing Truer Than Physiognomy\": Body Semiotics and Agency in Charles Dickens's \"Hunted Down\" (1859)","authors":"E. Kronshage","doi":"10.5325/dickstudannu.48.1.0167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/dickstudannu.48.1.0167","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The narrator of Dickens's short story \"Hunted Down\" claims that \"There is nothing truer than physiognomy\" and thus puts great emphasis on the reading of faces as a means of understanding a person's character. In a crime story like \"Hunted Down\" this seems to be a very promising way to detect criminals, and the short story has consequently been read by many critics as evidence that Dickens actually believed in physiognomics. Yet not even once in this story does the narrator actually analyze a single physiognomic feature, a circumstance that is at odds both with his own claim about the power of physiognomics, and with the critical assessment of \"Hunted Down\" as proof of Dickens's belief in the pseudoscience. Therefore, this article analyzes the narrator as a dubious reader of physiognomy, who does not put into practice what he says. This circumstance also casts doubt on the idea of Dickens as a believer in physiognomics. I argue that (at least in his late career) Dickens was highly skeptical as to the potential of physiognomic interpretation and that \"Hunted Down\" is to be understood as an expression of his reservations, which are closely related to his reservations about literary realism.","PeriodicalId":195639,"journal":{"name":"Dickens Studies Annual: Essays on Victorian Fiction","volume":"183 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121411056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Finding Form in David Copperfield: The Architectural Installment","authors":"D. Siegel","doi":"10.5325/dickstudannu.48.1.0121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/dickstudannu.48.1.0121","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Almost every formal study of the serial installments of Victorian novels has emphasized their textual condition, linking the installment's formal aspects to the circumstances of its publication and the experience of its readers. This essay takes a different approach, arguing that many Victorian novels use their serial structure to express and shape their meanings in an architectural sense, irrespective of the experience of reading or the mediations of print culture. Considering the example of David Copperfield, the essay shows that the shape of the numbers has a significant bearing on issues central to the novel, including the failures of patriarchy, David's erotic development, the politics of homelessness, and the equivocal character of Daniel Peggotty's rescue efforts. Indeed, the numbers of Copperfield stage intricate formal operations that are not revealed, and are in some way obscured, by a focus on the book's number plans, its publication history, or the temporalities of serial reading. The essay therefore proposes that we approach the serial installment with the same double-vision we train on other narrative forms, viewing the numbers as both registering their textual condition and expressing a self-contained narrative logic.","PeriodicalId":195639,"journal":{"name":"Dickens Studies Annual: Essays on Victorian Fiction","volume":"603 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131646888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}