Contributions in New World Archaeology最新文献

{"title":"SEEING UNDERGROUND: THE FEASIBILITY OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL REMOTE SENSING IN COASTAL AND HIGHLAND PERU","authors":"Joel W. Grossman","doi":"10.33547/cnwa.15.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33547/cnwa.15.03","url":null,"abstract":"This paper1 reports programmatic recommendations, an advanced seminar series in archaeology, and field tests in geophysics undertaken during a consultancy with the Peruvian Institute of Culture (INC) in October 1982. The invited international program focused on the investigation of twelve historic, Inca, and pre-Inca sites throughout the coast and highlands. Funding was provided by the OAS, UNESCO, and the Andres Bello Fund. This is the first formal presentation of this effort. The Sendero Luminoso war prevented future investigations under this initiative. The collaborative international effort had three major components: 1) a three-week seminar series on applied technology in archaeology for the archaeological and preservation staff of the INC in Lima, Cusco, and Ayacucho; 2) investigations at twelve INC project sites to recommend appropriate applied technology strategies in support of excavation and stabilization efforts; and 3) resistivity and soil chemistry tests at each site to establish the utility of a variety of site-specific remote sensing strategies (e.g., resistivity, magnetics, or ground penetrating radar/GPR) to provide enhanced definition of archaeological boundaries and internal site structure. Among the underlying strategic goals of the collaborative testing program was the development of environmental indicators, or proxies, based on correlation of the levels of a number of chemical compounds, relative to recorded resistivity levels to project the utility of GPR and resistivity at different sites (the higher the resistivity the deeper the radar penetration). Once defined, future teams could use simple and inexpensive soil chemistry tests, without the need for expensive electrical equipment, to project the utility and penetration of ground penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity at a variety of coastal and highland Inca, pre-Inca, and Colonial sites.","PeriodicalId":194993,"journal":{"name":"Contributions in New World Archaeology","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123111069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE OF THE TERMINAL PLEISTOCENE THROUGH THE EARLIEST HOLOCENE IN THE FRENCH PYRÉNÉES AND AMERICA’S SOUTHERN ROCKY MOUNTAINS","authors":"R. Brunswig","doi":"10.33547/cnwa.15.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33547/cnwa.15.01","url":null,"abstract":"Cultural adaptive strategies in the French Pyrénées and north central Colorado Rocky Mountains in the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene, although reflecting quite different cultural traditions, had broadly comparable topographies and experienced similar climatic and ecosystem changes in the Late Pleistocene through the Early Holocene. Archaeological and paleoenvironmental data presented in this article describe and compare broadly-based culture-environmental change models associated with the role of natural and human seasonal transhumance patterns of respective Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene landscapes of two widely separated world mountain regions, Europe’s Pyrénées and the North America’s Rocky Mountains.","PeriodicalId":194993,"journal":{"name":"Contributions in New World Archaeology","volume":"460 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120883128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE MEXICAN MUMMY AND THE CIRCUS AGENT: THE STORY OF A TRAVELLING MUMMY STARTING IN CUBA","authors":"","doi":"10.33547/cnwa.15.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33547/cnwa.15.06","url":null,"abstract":"Lorenzo Cuppia, an Italian circus agent, exhibited a mummy in the Calle San Rafael in Havana, Cuba in 1868. The mummy, unearthed in Mexico City, was displayed as a victim of the Spanish Inquisition. The exhibit was recorded in a small booklet and quickly forgotten. In 2015 research into this event revealed a story with several strands revolving around the first mummy ever publicly exhibited in Cuba to entertain an interested public.\u0000In 2015, the Cuban Mummy Project was formed. Under the auspices of the CNPC (Consejo Nacional del Patrimonio Cubano, National Council for Cuban Heritage), and in cooperation with the IECIM (Instituto de Estudios Científicos en Momias, Institute for the Scientific Study of Mummies) in Madrid, Spain, with the aim to investigate all mummies that are in Cuba. Even though the Mexican mummy that Lorenzo Cuppia once exhibited may no longer be in Cuba, the story of where it came from and who that exhibitor was, led to research that unfolded the story of a circus agent who exhibited a mummy with a hair raising story to accompany it, that attracted and entertained the public for several years.","PeriodicalId":194993,"journal":{"name":"Contributions in New World Archaeology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129102271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LA CONSAGRACIÓN RITUAL DE LA ARQUITECTURA MOCHE: EVIDENCIAS DEL NORTE Y DEL SUR","authors":"Jorge Gamboa","doi":"10.33547/cnwa.15.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33547/cnwa.15.04","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines four Moche sites (300–800 A.D.) – Huacas de Moche, El Brujo, Guadalupito and Sipán – with the aim to define the ceremonial and political behaviors associated to the spatial growth of public buildings in that ancient northern Peru population. Evidence confirms the existence of events for the dedication, renewal and termination of Moche public and religious built spaces. Examination of this data contributes to a broader comprehension of the notions of time and space in Andean Precolumbian societies.","PeriodicalId":194993,"journal":{"name":"Contributions in New World Archaeology","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129430075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DISEASE AND OTHER HEALTH CONDITIONS AMONG ANCIENT PUEBLO COMMUNITIES IN THE CENTRAL MESA VERDE REGION – A REVIEW OF SELECTED SITES","authors":"Anna Słupianek","doi":"10.33547/cnwa.15.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33547/cnwa.15.02","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of diseases among pre-Columbian communities is one of the indicators of the general state of health of a given group of people, providing information about the most common diseases as well as additional information about diet and relationships between individuals. In this case, the basic source of information is osteological material from burials analysed by physical anthropologists and archaeologists. For the Ancestral Pueblo culture, many years of research by physical anthropologists have provided a wealth of information on the diet of these communities and the state of health of their residents while also confirming various social phenomena, such as conflicts and struggles, which intensified during the Pueblo III period (AD 1150–1280). Nevertheless, research on skeletons of pre-Columbian Pueblo culture has been a controversial issue that was the stimulus for the passage of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act of 1990 (NAGPRA). Today, most of the data on the health of pre-Columbian Ancestral Pueblo communities stem from analyses conducted during the 20th century. The aim of this article is to compare the state of health (and distinguish the most common diseases) and the age and sex structure for 9 sites selected from the central Mesa Verde region. The data used are from available reports on excavations.","PeriodicalId":194993,"journal":{"name":"Contributions in New World Archaeology","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115206000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VASIJAS NO CONQUISTADAS. PATRONES DE CONTINUIDAD DE LA CERÁMICA MAYA","authors":"Dora Maritza García Patzán","doi":"10.33547/14.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33547/14.01","url":null,"abstract":"Contact with the Spanish resulted in marked changes in the way of life of the populations of the New World. The production of objects also had to respond to the new system, including new technologies. Ceramics constitute a good example, as a durable and indispensable material for carrying out various tasks, whose production was adapted and merged with the new colonial tradition. However, in several cases the elaboration techniques and other features were maintained. In this contribution, focus is placed on examples of Maya ceramics from the Western Highlands of Guatemala and of the Lacandones from Chiapas, Mexico. Taking into account some important factors such as decorations, forms and manufacturing techniques, as observed, for example, among the Chuj of western Huehuetenango and other communities of the highlands, as well as their spiritual content, as for the Lacandon censers of Chiapas. With regards to colonial ceramics, types exhibiting features of the prehispanic tradition have been identified, as for example, the Late Postclassic Chinautla polychrome type, which was used for funeral urns, a ceramic type that continues to be manufactured in the municipality of Chinautla, Guatemala to this day. This paper identifies the patterns of continuity, their circumstances, conditions, as well as possible generalizations.","PeriodicalId":194993,"journal":{"name":"Contributions in New World Archaeology","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125861565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE PENINSULAR MAYA’S UNFINISHED SPIRITUAL CONQUEST","authors":"L. Williams-Beck","doi":"10.33547/cnwa.14.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33547/cnwa.14.06","url":null,"abstract":"Do Maya sacred artistic manifestations in sixteenth to eighteenth-century Franciscan convents, churches, and chapels reflect native ideological persistence, a Maya and Christian amalgamation, or a European Catholic subsumed spiritual meld? This study explores the sculptural and painted expressions that adorn Colonial religious architecture found in the Yucatan Peninsula. Ethnohistoric sources, historic documents, physical geographical location, and spatial layout for these buildings, their sculptural programs and mural painting iconographic motifs, and spiritual spaces surrounding those edifices erected by natives subsequent to European contact, conquest, and colonization provide a more complete basis from which to address such philosophical and anthropological concepts of religious permanence, syncretism, and/or fusion. These particular evidentiary aspects assess Maya sacred built space environments found in the Cehpech, Cochuah, Cupul, and Tases provinces prior to European contact and conquest. This paper will focus on twospecific areas: the municipal seat church and convent complex in one autonomous political jurisdiction near the Spanish viceregal administrative seat in Mérida, and will then compare/contrast those area-specific religious representations with built spaces and interior/exterior embellishments near the Spanish viceregal enclave at Valladolid, Yucatan, as well as in other indigenous community visita churches under this and Tizimin’s Missions ecclesiastical jurisdiction in the northeastern rural peninsular Maya hinterlands. Combined data sets from both regions suggest a more autonomously derived divine substrate to characterize viceroyalty period Maya religious practice, rather than a Roman Catholic and Maya syncretism or Catholic synthesis of autonomous ideological philosophy, and point to an unfinished evangelical conquest that flew under the ecclesiastical and Spanish administrative radar at that time. In some select cases these same hallowed essence and practices continue to present. Those spiritual expressions that embellish built environments with autonomous religious undercurrents also help to explain the repeated yet unsuccessful Franciscan endeavors to ultimately quash idolatry in the peninsular region.","PeriodicalId":194993,"journal":{"name":"Contributions in New World Archaeology","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121812544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LINGUISTIC ARCHAEOLOGY IN THE POQOMCHI’- SPEAKING AREA: TRACING LANGUAGE CONTACTS BEFORE AND AFTER THE CONQUEST","authors":"I. Vinogradov","doi":"10.33547/cnwa.14.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33547/cnwa.14.04","url":null,"abstract":"Written documents in Amerindian languages stemming from the colonial period provide valuable information for historical linguistics, as they present unique empirical attestations of linguistic phenomena that no longer exist in modern languages. This data can also be used in linguistic archaeology to reconstruct the social contexts in which the speakers of ancient languages lived. This paper discusses language contacts in the Maya area by analysing early colonial manuscripts in the Poqomchi’ language. Poqomchi’ speakers were in close contact with speakers of Western Ch’olan Mayan languages before the Spanish Conquest. The direction of contacts changed in the 16th century under the influence of Dominican missionaries. Several similarities in the grammatical development during the colonial period may be observed between Poqomchi’ and Q’eqchi’, a neighbouring K’iche’an language. However, Poqomchi’ maintains the tendency to borrow linguistic structures rather than individual lexemes, which may be due to the deliberate efforts on the part of the speakers to preserve their ethnic identity.","PeriodicalId":194993,"journal":{"name":"Contributions in New World Archaeology","volume":"1199 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132471369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CHILAM BALAM “PROPHECIES” AND THE SPANISH INVASION AND OCCUPATION OF YUCATAN","authors":"B. Love","doi":"10.33547/cnwa.14.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33547/cnwa.14.03","url":null,"abstract":"There are some rather famous passages from the Books of Chilam Balam that are known as “prophecies” attributed to five ah kins, the ritual specialists and diviners who interpreted the words of the gods in sixteenth-century Yucatan Ralph Roys refers to a set of these “prophecies” in the Chilam Balam of Chumayel as the “Prophecies of a new religion.” New translations and analyses of these, and related texts, reveal that the ah kins were contemporary cohorts from neighboring polities in the western and northern peninsula and that their leader was the famous Chilam Balam from the town of Maní. Together they exhorted their ancient enemy, the Itza Maya, to accept the new religion that the Spaniards were bringing and to welcome the “bearded guests” from the east. In order to understand why the western and northern Maya would make such pronouncements, this article re-examines the Spanish invasion and occupation of Yucatan and finds that in the years prior to the Landa inquisition trials there was good reason for the Maya to make alliance with and to collaborate with the Spaniards and the Franciscan missionaries.","PeriodicalId":194993,"journal":{"name":"Contributions in New World Archaeology","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122524628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NEW WORLD WORDS AND THINGS IN THE OLD WORLD: HOW THE AMERICAS CONQUERED THE WORLD","authors":"Harri Kettunen","doi":"10.33547/cnwa.14.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33547/cnwa.14.05","url":null,"abstract":"What would world cuisine be without New World ingredients? What would pizza be without tomatoes, oriental food without chili, and Spanish omelette or kluski śląskie without potatoes? How would vanilla ice cream taste without vanilla? And what would movie nights be without popcorn and life without chocolate? New World products have enriched the lives of people globally for the past half a millennium, but how did all this happen? How did chili travel to Asia? And why is turkey called turkey in English, hindi in Turkish, peru in Portuguese, and “Roman chicken” in Arabic? This article explores the ongoing conquest of the world by New World words and things, tracing their origins and travel routes, as well as the ever-changing nature of indigenous American loanwords in the languages of the world, including school children’s perceptions of these words: why is ocelot a “Minecraft cat,” an anorak a “fine jacket,” and a tomahaw a “tactical intercontinental missile”?","PeriodicalId":194993,"journal":{"name":"Contributions in New World Archaeology","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128710510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}