Oncology Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Their Cardiovascular Adverse Effects.","authors":"Ravi Kumar Paluri, Yochitha Pulipati, Dileep Kumar Reddy Regalla","doi":"10.3389/or.2023.11456","DOIUrl":"10.3389/or.2023.11456","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have reshaped and have become a well-established treatment modality for multiple advanced-stage malignancies. ICIs block the immune system regulatory checkpoints, namely CTLA-4 and PD-1/PDL1, which provokes excess immune response against self-antigens. Immune modulation with ICIs can result in diverse immune-related adverse events targeting organ systems. Several cases of ICI-related cardiotoxicity were reported, while the actual incidence was likely underestimated due to heterogeneous clinical presentation. These include, but are not limited to, myocarditis, pericarditis, atherosclerosis, and arrhythmia. EKG, Troponin, Echocardiogram (TTE), and Cardiac MRI (CMRI) are indispensable diagnostic tools to aid in the management of cardiac adverse effects. Herein, we review the ICI-mediated cardiovascular adverse events, diagnosis, treatment strategies, and reintroduction of ICIs post-cardiotoxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":"17 ","pages":"11456"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10691592/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138478294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Polymorphisms Involved in Bladder Cancer: A Global Review","authors":"Hampig Raphael Kourie, Joseph Zouein, Bahaa Succar, Avedis Mardirossian, Nizar Ahmadieh, Eliane Chouery, Cybel Mehawej, Nadine Jalkh, Joseph kattan, Elie Nemr","doi":"10.3389/or.2023.10603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/or.2023.10603","url":null,"abstract":"Bladder cancer (BC) has been associated with genetic susceptibility. Single peptide polymorphisms (SNPs) can modulate BC susceptibility. A literature search was performed covering the period between January 2000 and October 2020. Overall, 334 articles were selected, reporting 455 SNPs located in 244 genes. The selected 455 SNPs were further investigated. All SNPs that were associated with smoking and environmental exposure were excluded from this study. A total of 197 genes and 343 SNPs were found to be associated with BC, among which 177 genes and 291 SNPs had congruent results across all available studies. These genes and SNPs were classified into eight different categories according to their function.","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135634435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Research, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Neuroendocrine Cervical Carcinoma: A Review","authors":"Xiaoyan Ren, Wenjuan Wu, Qiufan Li, Wen Li, Gang Wang","doi":"10.3389/or.2023.11764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/or.2023.11764","url":null,"abstract":"Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) were classified separately in the 5th edition (2020) of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of female genital malignancies. Cervical neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) is distinguished by its low incidence, high invasiveness, early local dissemination, and distant metastases. The purpose of this review is to outline the achievements in pathology, diagnostics, gene sequencing, and multi-modality treatment of cervical NEC.","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":"163 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135321257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research Trends in Molecular Biological Studies on Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Bibliometric Analysis","authors":"Indrayadi Gunardi, Irna Sufiawati, Hanna Goenawan, Dewi Marhaeni Diah Herawati, Ronny Lesmana, Ade Gafar Abdullah","doi":"10.3389/or.2023.11585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/or.2023.11585","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Since the discovery of PCR and ELISA, in vitro research in the realm of molecular biology pertaining to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has witnessed significant expansion. Objective: to provide a comprehensive overview of molecular biology research on OSCC through visual mapping techniques. Methods: We conducted an analysis of publications within the “oral squamous cell carcinoma” category from Scopus’ core collection. On 20 January 2023, we screened these publications using an advanced search employing the keywords “oral squamous cell cancer” and “cell line.” Data analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel 2010 and VOSviewer, facilitating the examination of author contributions, journal productivity, institutional affiliations, and contributions by nations. VOSviewer was further utilized for co-occurrence and reference analysis of keywords. Results: A total of 781 papers spanning from 1992 to 2023 were collected. Notably, Japan, China, and the United States emerged as significant contributors in this field. The Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry (Japan) ranked first with 21 publications. Chae J-I of Chonbuk National University (South Korea) emerged as the most prolific author, with 14 publications. The International Journal of Oncology and the Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine were identified as the two most prolific journals. The central themes that emerged were epidermal growth factor receptor, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and metastasis. Conclusion: The rate of publications focused on the molecular biology of OSCC has seen a remarkable increase. Research priorities have shifted from topics such as “radiation, RANKL, cyclin D1, RNA interference, and matrix metalloproteinase” to encompass areas such as “chemoresistance due to cisplatin, other therapeutic agents (metformin and monoclonal antibody), autophagy, inflammation, microRNA, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and STAT3 (with roles in cell migration and tumorigenesis).” These seven significant future research areas hold promise in identifying reliable biological markers for oral cancer detection and treatment, thereby improving clinical outcomes.","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":"40 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135168433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening for Cervical Cancer in Pregnancy.","authors":"Sarita Kumari","doi":"10.3389/or.2023.11429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/or.2023.11429","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cervical cancer remains a leading cause of cancer related morbidity and mortality in low/low-middle income countries. Lack of screening is the leading cause of cases being diagnosed in advanced stages and screening is still opportunistic in a majority of these countries. Hospital visits during pregnancy provides a window of opportunity to screen these susceptible women and reduce the burden of disease. Screening women during pregnancy is not practiced widely due to concerns of pregnancy loss, bleeding and a lack of clear information among patients as well as healthcare professionals.</p>","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":"17 ","pages":"11429"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10616242/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71425619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rationale for the Use of Homologous Recombination Proficient Molecular Profile as a Biomarker for Therapeutic Targeting in Ovarian Cancer.","authors":"John Nemunaitis,&nbsp;Laura Stanbery,&nbsp;Adam Walter,&nbsp;Rodney Rocconi,&nbsp;Philip Stephens","doi":"10.3389/or.2023.11471","DOIUrl":"10.3389/or.2023.11471","url":null,"abstract":"Therapeutic options for advanced-stage ovarian cancer patients are limited in those subjects with homologous recombination proficient molecular profiles. A recent review of the existing literature demonstrates evidence of enhanced relapse-free survival and overall survival associated with treatment with Vigil in the Phase 2b trial in the HRP population. Homologous recombination (HR) is a genetic rearrangement in which molecular information is exchanged between two similar molecules of double-stranded or single-stranded nucleic acids [1]. The purpose of HR is to maintain genome stability by performing high-fidelity repair of complex DNA damage such as DNA doublestrand breaks and interstrand crosslinks [2–4]. Homologous recombination is responsible for double-stranded DNA breaks and interstrand crosslink damage repair through the use of sister chromatids as a repair template. BRCA1/2 are critically important proteins in this pathway. HR deficiency (D) is the result of germline or somatic genetic alterations in HR genes (i.e., BRCA 1 or 2) [5]. Dysfunctional HR genes cause genome-wide errors and can lead to tumorigenesis [6, 7]. Tumors that are not HRD are considered HR proficient (P) and contain no functional genetic alterations in HR pathway genes, like BRCA1/2, resulting in faithful DNA repair, thereby reducing the mutation burden. While the HR pathway is responsible for repairing double-stranded breaks, the base excision repair pathway repairs single-stranded DNA breaks. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase proteins (PARPs) are essential proteins in this pathway. When PARPs are inhibited, single-stranded breaks are converted to double-stranded breaks during DNA replication. Synthetic lethality occurs in cells treated with a PARP inhibitor that have a BRCAmutation or are HRD. Alterations in HR pathway genes, especially mutations in BRCA1/2, can be germline and confer familial risk for breast, ovarian, prostate, and pancreatic cancer [8] or somatic. For patients who demonstrate negative germline testing, somatic HR molecular status is assessed by NGS and is most commonly evaluated by Myriad’s MyChoice CDx-testing. This involves the analysis of BRCA 1 and 2 gene mutation status, loss of heterozygosity (LOH), telomeric allelic imbalance (TAI), and largescale state transition score (LST) to determine a genomic instability score (GIS) [9]. Each is weighted and scored using a proprietary algorithm to determine the level of genomic instability. A GIS ≥42 in BRCA 1 or 2 negative patients defines HRD status. A GIS score &lt;42 defines HRP status [10]. BRCA 1 or 2 mutations or HRDmolecular profile tumors are a sensitive ovarian cancer population to PARP inhibitor therapy [10–14] and are associated with a better prognosis in patients receiving platinumbased chemotherapy and/or bevacizumab [15]. However, ovarian cancer patients with HRP molecular status have a worse prognosis with standard-of-care therapy involving PARPIs, Edited by: Angela Cappello, University of Rome","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":"17 ","pages":"11471"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10547877/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41145596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Timing of Early Salvage Therapy for Patients With Biochemical Relapse of Prostate Carcinoma.","authors":"Soňa Argalácsová,&nbsp;Michal Vočka,&nbsp;Otakar Čapoun,&nbsp;Lukáš Lambert","doi":"10.3389/or.2023.10676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/or.2023.10676","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Between 25% and 33% of patients after radical prostatectomy experience a relapse of the disease. The risk of relapse increases in patients with risk factors up to 50%-80%. For a long time, adjuvant radiotherapy has been considered the standard of care. Four large prospective trials, that compared adjuvant and salvage radiotherapy in patients with biochemical relapse, showed the superiority of the adjuvant approach in biochemical and local relapse-free survival, but no consistent benefit in long-term endpoints (i.e., metastasis-free survival, overall survival, or carcinoma-specific survival) at the expense of increased urinary and bowel toxicity. Three large international studies comparing adjuvant and salvage radiotherapy paved the way toward early salvage radiotherapy. However, the optimal threshold of the PSA level (range of 0.2-0.5 ng/mL) for initiating early salvage radiotherapy remains unresolved and still poses a challenge in everyday clinical practice when balancing the need for early radiotherapy and the associated toxicity. Imprecise stratification of biochemical relaps patients according to the risk of clinical relapse drives efforts to find additional molecular biomarkers that would improve the timing of the salvage therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":"17 ","pages":"10676"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10522833/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41159608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer—A Pragmatic Switch to Combat Metabolic Syndrome?","authors":"John A. Claras","doi":"10.3389/or.2023.10573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/or.2023.10573","url":null,"abstract":"Both cancer and metabolic disease have become the prevalent health risks in modern societies worldwide. Cancer is a complex set of illnesses with many definitions. About 15% of cancers are caused by infections, and 10% carry a hereditary burden. The remaining 70%–75% cancers are associated with a variety of processes, often associated with metabolic syndrome and chronic inflammation. This review examines the role of metabolic dysfunction and chronic inflammation in cancer development. I propose a novel concept of a switch, in which our intelligent body uses its sophisticated set of subsystems and sensors to pragmatically anticipate and combat metabolic dysfunction as its’ most direct and dire threat first, while temporarily accepting cancer as a state that in any other circumstances would be considered detrimental, and utilizing cancer as an additional tool to lower glucose levels. Once metabolic dysfunction has been resolved this switch is reversed, and cancer growth will be impaired.","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46295461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rosetta Stone for Cancer Cure: Comparison of the Anticancer Capacity of Endogenous Estrogens, Synthetic Estrogens and Antiestrogens.","authors":"Zsuzsanna Suba","doi":"10.3389/or.2023.10708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/or.2023.10708","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This work presents the history of the recognition of principal regulatory capacities of estrogen hormones having been mistakenly regarded as breast cancer promoting agents for more than 120 years. Comprehensive analysis of the results of clinical, epidemiological, immunological and molecular studies justified that endogenous estrogens are the principal regulators of embryonic development, survival and reproduction <i>via</i> orchestrating appropriate expression and even edition of all genes in mammalians. Medical use of chemically modified synthetic estrogens caused toxic complications; thromboembolic events and increased cancer risk in female organs as they proved to be endocrine disruptors deregulating estrogen receptors (ERs) rather than their activators. Synthetic estrogen treatment exhibits ambiguous correlations with cancer risk at different sites, which may be attributed to an inhibition of the unliganded activation of estrogen receptors (ERs) coupled with compensatory liganded activation. The principle of estrogen induced breast cancer led to the introduction of antiestrogen therapies against this tumor; inhibition of the liganded activation of estrogen receptors and aromatase enzyme activity. The initial enthusiasm turned into disappointment as the majority of breast cancers proved to be primarily resistant to antiestrogens. In addition, nearly all patients showing earlier good tumor responses to endocrine therapy, later experienced secondary resistance leading to metastatic disease and fatal outcome. Studying the molecular events in tumors responsive and unresponsive to antiestrogen therapy, it was illuminated that a complete inhibition of liganded ER activation stimulates the growth of cancers, while a successful compensatory upregulation of estrogen signal may achieve DNA restoration, tumor regression and patient's survival. Recognition of the principal role of endogenous estrogens in gene expression, gene edition and DNA repair, estrogen treatment and stimulation of ER expression in patients may bring about a great turn in medical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":"17 ","pages":"10708"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10154579/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9432539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changing Colorectal Cancer Trends in Asians: Epidemiology and Risk Factors.","authors":"Carissa Ikka Pardamean,&nbsp;Digdo Sudigyo,&nbsp;Arif Budiarto,&nbsp;Bharuno Mahesworo,&nbsp;Alam Ahmad Hidayat,&nbsp;James W Baurley,&nbsp;Bens Pardamean","doi":"10.3389/or.2023.10576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/or.2023.10576","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Once an infrequent disease in parts of Asia, the rate of colorectal cancer in recent decades appears to be steadily increasing. Colorectal cancer represents one of the most important causes of cancer mortality worldwide, including in many regions in Asia. Rapid changes in socioeconomic and lifestyle habits have been attributed to the notable increase in the incidence of colorectal cancers in many Asian countries. Through published data from the International Agency for Cancer Research (IARC), we utilized available continuous data to determine which Asian nations had a rise in colorectal cancer rates. We found that East and South East Asian countries had a significant rise in colorectal cancer rates. Subsequently, we summarized here the known genetics and environmental risk factors for colorectal cancer among populations in this region as well as approaches to screening and early detection that have been considered across various countries in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":19487,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Reviews","volume":"17 ","pages":"10576"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10241074/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9589920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}