2016 IEEE International Multi-Disciplinary Conference on Cognitive Methods in Situation Awareness and Decision Support (CogSIMA)最新文献

{"title":"On finding appropriate reject region in serial fusion based biometric verification","authors":"M. Hossain","doi":"10.1109/COGSIMA.2016.7497795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COGSIMA.2016.7497795","url":null,"abstract":"We give the theoretical foundation for finding a reject region which gives the minimum equal error rate in serial fusion based biometric verification. Given a user-specified tolerance of x percent genuine score reject rate, we prove that there exists a unique reject region inside which the false alarm rate and impostor pass rate curves overlap, and this reject region gives the minimum equal error rate. Our theory leads to new algorithms for finding reject regions, which have two key advantages over the state-of-the-art: (1) the algorithms allow the system administrator to control the proportion of genuine scores that a reject region can erroneously reject and (2) the algorithms determine reject regions directly from the scores, without the need to estimate score distributions. Our proofs do not rely on data belonging to any particular distribution, which makes them applicable to a wide range of biometric modalities including face, finger, iris, speech, gait, and keystrokes.","PeriodicalId":194697,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Multi-Disciplinary Conference on Cognitive Methods in Situation Awareness and Decision Support (CogSIMA)","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127068406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BARRACUDA: An augmented reality display for increased motorcyclist en route hazard awareness","authors":"Michael P. Jenkins, D. Young","doi":"10.1109/COGSIMA.2016.7497788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COGSIMA.2016.7497788","url":null,"abstract":"Motorcyclists face a unique set of challenges when operating on public streets and highways. In addition to hazards relevant to automobiles, motorcycle riders must remain vigilant for hazards that pose significant danger uniquely to motorcycles (e.g., uneven terrain, sand/gravel, potholes); however, there is currently no motorcycle-specific hazard tracking or alerting system available for riders. To address this need, Charles River Analytics is designing a system for Bayesian Assessments and Real-Time Rider Alerting and Cueing for Upcoming Danger Avoidance (BARRACUDA). BARRACUDA will capture and integrate relevant information from an array of public databases and on-motorcycle and environmental sensors. It will fuse this information and apply advanced probabilistic models and reasoning techniques to generate route-based real-time hazard alerts (presented with a trip planning application prior to departure and an augmented reality (AR) heads-up display (HUD) while en route), even when operating on uncertain or incomplete information, to increase rider situation awareness. This effort was funded under a US Dept. of Transportation SBIR Phase I contract (DTRT5715C10063).","PeriodicalId":194697,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Multi-Disciplinary Conference on Cognitive Methods in Situation Awareness and Decision Support (CogSIMA)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121800037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adding contextual information to Intrusion Detection Systems using Fuzzy Cognitive Maps","authors":"Francisco J. Aparicio-Navarro, K. Kyriakopoulos, D. Parish, J. Chambers","doi":"10.1109/COGSIMA.2016.7497807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COGSIMA.2016.7497807","url":null,"abstract":"In the last few years there has been considerable increase in the efficiency of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs). However, networks are still the victim of attacks. As the complexity of these attacks keeps increasing, new and more robust detection mechanisms need to be developed. The next generation of IDSs should be designed incorporating reasoning engines supported by contextual information about the network, cognitive information from the network users and situational awareness to improve their detection results. In this paper, we propose the use of a Fuzzy Cognitive Map (FCM) in conjunction with an IDS to incorporate contextual information into the detection process. We have evaluated the use of FCMs to adjust the Basic Probability Assignment (BPA) values defined prior to the data fusion process, which is crucial for the IDS that we have developed. The results that we present verify that FCMs can improve the efficiency of our IDS by reducing the number of false alarms, while not affecting the number of correct detections.","PeriodicalId":194697,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Multi-Disciplinary Conference on Cognitive Methods in Situation Awareness and Decision Support (CogSIMA)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128023837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A task analysis toward characterizing cyber-cognitive situation awareness (CCSA) in cyber defense analysts","authors":"R. Gutzwiller, Sarah M. Hunt, D. Lange","doi":"10.1109/COGSIMA.2016.7497780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COGSIMA.2016.7497780","url":null,"abstract":"Cyberspace is an increasingly crucial part of everyday living. We have long recognized that defending this space is complex, requiring information integration, and decisions of man and machine to coalesce in a dynamic environment full of shifting priorities. These properties suggest that, as in other domains with similar characteristics, situation awareness (SA) of a human cyber defender is paramount to the quality of decision outcomes in cyber defense. The majority of existing research in cyber situation awareness, centers on information systems and computers, which piece together disparate data. Fused data from multiple sources, for example, is necessary for cyberspace visualization efforts. The judgment for successful cyber SA from this perspective is different from one that is human-centered. In comparison, we rarely assess human cognitive awareness in cyberspace. In part, this reflects a need, based on prior theory, to first define critical elements of information that the human must perceive, work to elucidate how humans combine these elements to comprehend the state of the network, and how together, this awareness helps analysts predict the future state of the network. In other words, although data fusion can provide value by reducing the cognitive load created to piece together disparate sources of information, human awareness of the network (cyber-cognitive situation awareness - CCSA) is perhaps the ultimate intermediary for defense performance. Toward such an understanding, we discuss the results of a cognitive task analysis (CTA) which sought to determine the goals and abstracted elements of awareness that cyber analysts seek in network defense. We present the foundation for a series of planned experiments that establishes CCSA measurement, and baselines the efforts of cyber defenders. Once assessed, we can then begin to consider the help offered by fusion systems, automation of defensive capabilities, and cyber visualizations in a methodologically rigorous manner that has been lacking.","PeriodicalId":194697,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Multi-Disciplinary Conference on Cognitive Methods in Situation Awareness and Decision Support (CogSIMA)","volume":"199 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114875594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generic application driven situation awareness via ontological situation recognition","authors":"Ryan Pearson, M. Donnelly, Jun Liu, L. Galway","doi":"10.1109/COGSIMA.2016.7497800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COGSIMA.2016.7497800","url":null,"abstract":"Situation recognition and interpretation based on multisensor data is an important research challenge in the situation awareness field. Existing research has developed techniques concerned with accurate and reliable situation recognition via sensor driven detection of events in an environment. However, real world applications of situation awareness require perception of a situation's meaning, knowledge of expected changes and their relevance to environments inhabitants. Recognizing the significance and implications of situations in complex real world scenarios is challenging, but is essential for designing applications for real world environments. This paper presents a novel knowledge driven approach to situation awareness. Within it we extend established data driven methods of situation recognition by utilizing domain knowledge across the entire situation life cycle. We utilize ontologies for explicit representation of environmental and application context as well as situation modeling. We explore the link between low-level environment context and high-level application knowledge using a generic situation model. We exploit semantic reasoning to provide situation recognition and interpretation and demonstrate delivery of application oriented situation awareness in a smart environment. Finally, a case study-based scenario is utilized in order to demonstrate the system's operation.","PeriodicalId":194697,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Multi-Disciplinary Conference on Cognitive Methods in Situation Awareness and Decision Support (CogSIMA)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117304904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Providing distributed situation awareness to human and canine tracking teams","authors":"Jennifer Danczyk, R. Eaton, Ryan Hutchins, Michael P. Jenkins, Scott Irvin","doi":"10.1109/COGSIMA.2016.7497789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COGSIMA.2016.7497789","url":null,"abstract":"Canines are commonly used for various police force tasks that help a human maintain situational awareness. One area where canines provide an enhanced search capability is manhunt tracking missions because of their ability to pick up a target's scent and lead a human to a missing person or runaway fugitive. It is common during for these manhunt missions to involve several police agencies that each have individual canine handler personnel that are involved with a search, along with a command post that manages the dynamic events of an ongoing mission. Having a wide variety of agencies and team members involved with a tracking mission makes it difficult to maintain a high level of distributed situational awareness across the entire team. This causes confusion of perimeter, target, and team member changes which ultimately can compromise the tracking event. To solve this problem, we have designed a set of mockups demonstrating the functionality of an interface that provides streamline communication and enhanced mission awareness between the command post and canine handlers. These mockups were designed from information collected through knowledge elicitation interviews and observations with subject matter experts. A functional requirements analysis was performed to map out task and information requirements to validate the interface design. This set of design mockups fueled by the user's needs increases the chance of providing a future solution that is representative of the work domain and useful for the command post and canine handlers' to maintain distributed common ground amongst team members while enhancing their situational awareness of the mission.","PeriodicalId":194697,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Multi-Disciplinary Conference on Cognitive Methods in Situation Awareness and Decision Support (CogSIMA)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115281854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing a feedback system to augment monitoring performance of aircraft pilots","authors":"Florian Fortmann, Stefan Suck, D. Javaux, J. Cahill, T. Callari, Andreas Hasselberg","doi":"10.1109/COGSIMA.2016.7497805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COGSIMA.2016.7497805","url":null,"abstract":"As a supervisor of a highly automated technical system, a human operator is the “ultima ratio” in abnormal situations that cannot be handled by the automation. Therefore, a human operator must adequately monitor the automated system throughout the entire operation. Unfortunately, humans tend to fall prey to a couple of demons leading to inadequate monitoring behavior, such as boredom, attentional tunneling or perservation. As a consequence, the human might lose situation awareness and be unable to detect and handle an abnormal situation in the given amount time. In this paper, we present a feedback system to augment monitoring performance on the part of an aircraft pilot. The feedback system has been developed under the umbrella of the European research and development project A-PiMod, where novel team-centered concepts for pilot-automation interaction are investigated.","PeriodicalId":194697,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Multi-Disciplinary Conference on Cognitive Methods in Situation Awareness and Decision Support (CogSIMA)","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123205710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A distributed reputation scheme for situation awareness in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","authors":"Jared Oluoch","doi":"10.1109/COGSIMA.2016.7497787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COGSIMA.2016.7497787","url":null,"abstract":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) enhance road safety by frequently exchanging real-time data about road conditions through wireless sensor nodes. This exchange allows vehicles to detect potential hazards by sharing information about their location and speed. As vehicles communicate, there is need for a mechanism to verify the trustworthiness of messages that are sent in the network. This paper proposes a reputation model that aids vehicles in a road network to evaluate the reliability of their peers. In this scheme, each receiving vehicle requests other vehicles within its communication range to give their opinion about the trustworthiness of the sending vehicle. Alternatively, the receiving vehicle gets opinion about the sending vehicle from the Road Side Unit (RSU). The scheme applies conditional probability to identify malevolent peers. We present an algorithm for the proposed model and perform simulations to validate our work. Simulation results demonstrate that on average, the proposed scheme achieves a 90% accuracy in detecting malicious messages. The scheme is also scalable.","PeriodicalId":194697,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Multi-Disciplinary Conference on Cognitive Methods in Situation Awareness and Decision Support (CogSIMA)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124898769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coherence-driven Reflective Equilibrium model of ethical decision-making","authors":"L. Yilmaz, A. Franco-Watkins, Timothy S. Kroecker","doi":"10.1109/COGSIMA.2016.7497784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COGSIMA.2016.7497784","url":null,"abstract":"Instilling trust in autonomous systems requires having confidence that agents have decision-making mechanisms governed by ethical principles. The ability to resolve conflicts among moral principles, duties, obligations, and the consequences is a critical challenge in developing such mechanisms. We demonstrate how the Reflective Equilibrium Method and its implementation in terms of a parallel constraint satisfaction mechanism can help manage conflicts and simultaneously assess multiple principles in a context-sensitive manner. The proposed domain architecture and its implementation are used toward developing an Ethical Advisor for training purposes as well as for designing cognitive decision-making models. A high-level Domain-Specific Language is introduced to specify coherence-governed models of ethical decision-making, so that domain experts express concepts relevant to modeling ethical behavior instead of using general-purpose programming language constructs.","PeriodicalId":194697,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Multi-Disciplinary Conference on Cognitive Methods in Situation Awareness and Decision Support (CogSIMA)","volume":"68 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128708346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generic Pattern of Life and behaviour analysis","authors":"Rachel Craddock, Doug Watson, W. Saunders","doi":"10.1109/COGSIMA.2016.7497803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COGSIMA.2016.7497803","url":null,"abstract":"Despite being widely used within the field of intelligence generation, there is no formal definition for the concept of Pattern of Life (PoL). PoL analysis is applicable to the behaviours of human and non-human entities in a wide range of applications. Currently, humans generate PoL intelligence manually and this is a time consuming task, often leading to humans being overloaded with data. This paper reviews the field and defines a set of generic PoL concepts that provide a consistent set of terminology for use in PoL based research. A generic PoL processing scheme is proposed which can be the basis of systems that will automatically produce PoL intelligence from heterogeneous data, ready for further exploitation by the human operator.","PeriodicalId":194697,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Multi-Disciplinary Conference on Cognitive Methods in Situation Awareness and Decision Support (CogSIMA)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116198999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}