ERN: Income Policy (Topic)最新文献

Lockdown and GDP Contraction in India: A National Income Perspective 印度的封锁和GDP收缩:国民收入视角

ERN: Income Policy (Topic) Pub Date : 2020-05-30 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3644401

G. Basak, P. Das, S. Sarkar

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引用次数: 2

Microfinance Can Raise Incomes: Evidence from a Randomized Control Trial in China 小额信贷可以提高收入:来自中国随机对照试验的证据

ERN: Income Policy (Topic) Pub Date : 2020-04-21 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3670721

Shu Cai, A. Park, Sangui Wang

引用次数: 20

Submission to the 2019 New Zealand Review of Retirement Income Policies 提交给2019年新西兰退休收入政策审查

ERN: Income Policy (Topic) Pub Date : 2019-10-31 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3643252

R. Baskerville

引用次数: 0

The Third Wave of Technological Unemployment 第三次技术性失业浪潮

ERN: Income Policy (Topic) Pub Date : 2018-05-30 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3187227

Fabio D’Orlando

{"title":"The Third Wave of Technological Unemployment","authors":"Fabio D’Orlando","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3187227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3187227","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to discuss possible solutions to the “third wave” of technological unemployment and their main drawbacks. The process has just started and will only be fully realized in the future, but its main novelty is already well known and concerns robots (and artificial intelligence) entering the production process. Robots do not simply increase labor productivity, in cooperation with humans, but can totally substitute labor, making it possible to produce commodities without the use of human input. This in turn generates technological unemployment. Past “compensation” theories have argued that technological unemployment could be reabsorbed thanks to wage reduction and demand (and production) increase. But these theories have ignored robots. If robots are more productive and less expensive than humans, wage reduction may be insufficient due to the minimum wage subsistence boundary; and, in any case, an increase in demand would only determine an increase in the production of goods by robots alone, without any impact on human employment. Meanwhile, the resulting mass unemployment will require redistributive policies. The paper discusses the most relevant among these policies, emphasizing their drawbacks and their unwanted implications, and proposes an alternative rooted in Tietenberg’s tradable permits approach.","PeriodicalId":194603,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Income Policy (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130588873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quality of Life: Issues and Challenges in Measurement 生活质量:测量中的问题和挑战

ERN: Income Policy (Topic) Pub Date : 2017-05-09 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2965569

S. Aggarwal

引用次数: 3

Austerity, Inequality, and Private Debt Overhang 紧缩、不平等和私人债务积压

ERN: Income Policy (Topic) Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2906221

Mathias Klein, R. Winkler

引用次数: 14

Worry-Free Inflation-Indexing for Sovereigns - How Governments Can Effectively Deliver Inflation-Indexed Returns to Their Citizens and Retirees 无忧的通货膨胀指数主权-政府如何有效地提供通货膨胀指数回报给他们的公民和退休人员

ERN: Income Policy (Topic) Pub Date : 2011-05-30 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1855824

Z. Bodie, Joseph A. Cherian, Wee Kang Chua

{"title":"Worry-Free Inflation-Indexing for Sovereigns - How Governments Can Effectively Deliver Inflation-Indexed Returns to Their Citizens and Retirees","authors":"Z. Bodie, Joseph A. Cherian, Wee Kang Chua","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1855824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1855824","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we explore how small countries such as Malaysia, Singapore, and Taiwan, can offer their aging populations the means to protect their retirement income against inflation without the governments directly issuing inflation-protected bonds. While inflation swaps are a well-known means by which to attain this, we show how an inflation index-replication strategy is also feasible. With this ability to provide inflation-adjusted returns, governments, pension funds, and other institutions can begin to offer a broad suite of inflation-indexed products, ranging from retirement annuities to inflation-linked insurance policies. This will improve the functioning of national pension systems, and hence the welfare of retirees. The added benefit of such structures is that they allow governments to broadly replicate their local Consumer Price Index (CPI) returns without disrupting their traditional financing structures. Given the potential of reinsuring national default risks across borders via currency and credit default swap facilities at the federal level, there is a unique role for the government in this process as the reinsurer of last resort.","PeriodicalId":194603,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Income Policy (Topic)","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125415984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Cost Channel of Monetary Policy in a Post Keynesian Macrodynamic Model of Inflation and Output Targeting 后凯恩斯主义通胀与产出目标制宏观动力学模型下货币政策的成本通道

ERN: Income Policy (Topic) Pub Date : 2011-05-06 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1833844

M. Setterfield, Gilberto Tadeu Lima

{"title":"The Cost Channel of Monetary Policy in a Post Keynesian Macrodynamic Model of Inflation and Output Targeting","authors":"M. Setterfield, Gilberto Tadeu Lima","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1833844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1833844","url":null,"abstract":"This paper contributes to the debate about whether or not inflation targeting is compatible with Post Keynesian economics. It does so by developing a model that takes into account the potentially inflationary consequences of interest rate manipulations. Evaluations of the macroeconomic implications of this so-called cost channel of monetary policy are common in the mainstream literature. But this literature uses supply-determined macro models and provides standard optimizing microfoundations for the various ways in which the interest rate can affect mark-ups, prices and ultimately the form of the Phillips curve. Our purpose is to study the implications of different Phillips curves, each embodying the cost channel and derived from Post Keynesian, cost-based-pricing microfoundations, in a monetary-production economy. We focus on the impact of these Phillips curves on macroeconomic stability and the consequent efficacy of inflation and output targeting. Ultimately, our results suggest that the presence of the cost channel is of less significance than the general orientation of the policy regime, and corroborate earlier finding that, in a monetary-production economy, more orthodox policy regimes are inimical to macro stabilization.","PeriodicalId":194603,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Income Policy (Topic)","volume":"147 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134161937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

The Distribution of Top Incomes in Five Anglo-Saxon Countries Over the Twentieth Century 20世纪五个盎格鲁-撒克逊国家的最高收入分配

ERN: Income Policy (Topic) Pub Date : 2010-06-29 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1631072

A. Atkinson, A. Leigh

{"title":"The Distribution of Top Incomes in Five Anglo-Saxon Countries Over the Twentieth Century","authors":"A. Atkinson, A. Leigh","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1631072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1631072","url":null,"abstract":"Taxation data have been used to create long-run series for the distribution of top incomes in quite a number of countries. Most of these studies have focused on the national experience of individual countries, but we can also learn from cross-country comparisons. Comparative analysis is therefore the next stage in the research program. At the same time, we know from other fields that there are dangers in simply pooling all available time series, without regard to the specific nature of data and reality. In this paper, we therefore adopt an intermediate approach, taking five Anglo-Saxon countries that have relatively similar backgrounds and tax systems: Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the UK, and the US. The first part of the paper tackles the challenge of comparability of income-tax based estimates across countries and across time. The second part summarizes the evidence about top income shares. Across these five countries, the shares of the very richest exhibit a strikingly similar pattern, falling in the three decades after World War II, before rising sharply from the mid-1970s onwards. The share of the top 1 percent is highly correlated across Anglo-Saxon countries, more so than the share of the next 4 percent. The third part of the paper looks at the relationship between taxes and top income shares. Controlling for country and year fixed effects, we find that a reduction in the marginal tax rate on wage income is associated with an increase in the share of the top percentile group. Likewise, a fall in the marginal tax rate on investment income (based on a lagged moving average) is associated with a rise in the share of the top percentile group.","PeriodicalId":194603,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Income Policy (Topic)","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128939638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 59

On Revenue and Welfare Dominance of Ad Valorem Taxes in Two-Sided Markets 从价税在双边市场中的收入和福利优势

ERN: Income Policy (Topic) Pub Date : 2009-09-15 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1498316

Hans Jarle Kind, Marko Koethenbuerger, Guttorm Schjelderup

引用次数: 37