Occupational and Environmental Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Weight loss maintenance among truck drivers in the SHIFT randomised controlled trial, USA.","authors":"Ryan Olson, Brad Wipfli, Ginger C Hanson, Todd Bodner, W Kent Anger, Diane L Elliot, Layla Mansfield","doi":"10.1136/oemed-2024-109903","DOIUrl":"10.1136/oemed-2024-109903","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate weight loss maintenance among truck drivers following an effective initial intervention and to test a priori hypotheses that social support and stress factors would moderate long-term success.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Commercial truck drivers enrolled in the Safety & Health Involvement For Truckers cluster-randomised controlled trial (22 terminal clusters; n=452) completed measurements at baseline, postintervention (6 months) and 1 year postintervention (18 months) in the USA in 2012-2015. The mobile health intervention was a group-based competition involving self-monitoring, feedback, incentives, online training and motivational interviewing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In an intent-to-treat analysis, the difference between groups at 18 months post-baseline in mean body weight was -0.92 kg (p=0.328; intervention=0.00, control=+0.92). Moderation analyses revealed a significant between-group intervention effect on body weight at 18 months for drivers with supervisors who engaged in higher levels of family supportive supervisor behaviours (p=0.033; group difference=-2.74 kg). Intervention effects on several diet and exercise outcomes at 18 months were also significantly moderated by social support and stress factors. Within the intervention group, high initial programme participation was associated with significantly greater 18-month weight loss than lower participation (p<0.001; -3.43 kg vs +2.17 kg).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The intervention produced significant long-term weight loss for truck drivers with a supportive supervisor, providing further evidence for the broad health benefits of this workplace relationship. Additional findings highlight the value of initial programme participation and may inform future replications and extensions of similar health programmes for truck drivers.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>NCT02105571.</p>","PeriodicalId":19459,"journal":{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"168-175"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144003167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ending nuclear weapons, before they end us.","authors":"Chris Zielinski","doi":"10.1136/oemed-2025-110301","DOIUrl":"10.1136/oemed-2025-110301","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19459,"journal":{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"e1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12322377/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144079331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OPERAS decision support system versus manual job coding: a quantitative analysis on coding time and inter-coder reliability.","authors":"Mathijs A Langezaal, Egon L van den Broek, Grégoire Rey, Nicole Le Moual, Corinne Pilorget, Marcel Goldberg, Roel Vermeulen, Susan Peters","doi":"10.1136/oemed-2024-109823","DOIUrl":"10.1136/oemed-2024-109823","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The manual coding of job descriptions is time-consuming, expensive and requires expert knowledge. Decision support systems (DSS) provide a valuable alternative by offering automated suggestions that support decision-making, improving efficiency while allowing manual corrections to ensure reliability. However, this claim has not been proven with expert coders. This study aims to fill this omission by comparing manual with decision-supported coding, using the new DSS OPERAS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Five expert coders proficient in using the French classification systems for occupations PCS2003 and activity sectors NAF2008 each successively coded two subsets of job descriptions from the CONSTANCES cohort manually and using OPERAS. Subsequently, we assessed coding time and inter-coder reliability of assigning occupation and activity sector codes while accounting for individual differences and the perceived usability of OPERAS, measured using the System Usability Scale (SUS; range 0-100).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>OPERAS usage substantially outperformed manual coding for all coders on both coding time and inter-coder reliability. The median job description coding time was 38 s using OPERAS versus 60.8 s while manually coding. Inter-coder reliability (in Cohen's kappa) ranged 0.61-0.70 and 0.56-0.61 for the PCS, while ranging 0.38-0.61 and 0.34-0.61 for the NAF for OPERAS and manual coding, respectively. The average SUS score was 75.5, indicating good usability.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Compared with manual coding, using OPERAS as DSS for occupational coding improved coding time and inter-coder reliability. Subsequent comparison studies could use OPERAS' ISCO-88 and ISCO-68 classification models. Consequently, OPERAS facilitates large, harmonised job coding in large-scale occupational health research.</p>","PeriodicalId":19459,"journal":{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"183-190"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12322435/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144294194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Person-related work and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a Swedish register-based cohort study.","authors":"Kuan-Yu Pan, Alicia Nevriana, Melody Almroth, Daniel Falkstedt","doi":"10.1136/oemed-2025-110088","DOIUrl":"10.1136/oemed-2025-110088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Person-related work requires workers to interact with individuals not employed at the workplace, such as clients and patients, and can cause emotional labour and conflict. These stressors may increase workers' risk of type 2 diabetes, but their impact may differ depending on the level of support received from colleagues. We aimed to examine the association between person-related work and the risk of type 2 diabetes, and the effect modification of social support at work.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study population consisted of around three million people without type 2 diabetes in Sweden in 2005, who were employed and aged 30-60 years. Three dimensions of person-related work-general contact with people, emotional demands and confrontation-and social support were respectively assessed using job exposure matrices. Patients with type 2 diabetes in 2006-20 were determined based on drug, patient and death registers. Multivariable Cox regression models were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>High exposures to emotional demands and confrontation were respectively associated with 20% and 15% increased risks of type 2 diabetes in men and 24% and 20% in women. In both men and women, there was statistically significant effect modification by social support-the associations between emotional demands and confrontation and type 2 diabetes were higher among those with low social support than those with high social support.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In both men and women, dimensions of person-related work, including emotional demands and confrontation, are associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, and low social support at work seems to amplify the magnitude of these associations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19459,"journal":{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"161-167"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12322397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Employer compliance with OSHA requirements for immediate reporting of severe injuries.","authors":"Lee S Friedman, Linda Forst, Brett Shannon, Chibuzor Abasilim, Dana Madigan","doi":"10.1136/oemed-2025-110074","DOIUrl":"10.1136/oemed-2025-110074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In 2014, US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) updated a rule requiring employers to directly report all hospitalisations, amputations and eye enucleations to OSHA within 24 hours and within 8 hours for fatalities and multiple injury events. Past studies have shown that employers under-report injuries and illnesses for numerous reasons.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study evaluated the completeness of required immediate reporting of severe injuries and illnesses by employers to OSHA by linking cases reported to OSHA with hospital data from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2023. We evaluated factors associated with failure to report severe injuries or illnesses to OSHA using multivariable logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 7578 non-fatal occupational injuries and illnesses and an additional 160 fatalities treated in Illinois hospitals that were not reported to OSHA. The cumulative reporting rate for non-fatal injuries was 39.7%, while non-fatal illnesses (excluding COVID-19 cases) was 25.1%. There was no significant change in reporting rates over the 7-year period for non-fatal injuries and illnesses. Failure to report serious injuries and illnesses was associated with hospitalisations involving acute illnesses (adjusted OR (aOR)=2.60), female workers (aOR=1.29) and incidents occurring on weekends (aOR=2.21) and holidays (aOR=1.98). We also identified factors associated with improperly reporting cases that did not meet the OSHA reporting criteria.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We estimate that failure to report these hospitalisations obscured up to 2122 violations in Illinois workplaces that could have led to remediation to protect other workers from injury. This analysis informs compliance assistance programmes that address reporting practices and record-keeping policy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19459,"journal":{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"148-156"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12088877/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143803927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does radon cause diseases other than lung cancer? Findings on mortality within the German uranium miners cohort study, 1946-2018.","authors":"Nora Fenske, Veronika Deffner, Maria Schnelzer, Michaela Kreuzer","doi":"10.1136/oemed-2024-109923","DOIUrl":"10.1136/oemed-2024-109923","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This analysis aimed at investigating the relationship between death from diseases other than lung cancer and radon exposure in the German uranium miners cohort study with follow-up data from 1946 to 2018.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The cohort includes 58 975 men who were employed between 1946 and 1990 at the former 'Wismut' uranium mining company in Eastern Germany. Occupational exposure to radon progeny in working level month (WLM) was retrospectively assessed using a comprehensive job-exposure matrix. Based on internal Poisson regression, excess relative rates (ERRs) per 100 WLM were estimated for cumulative lagged exposure to radon for numerous outcomes. Sensitivity analyses examined possible confounding by occupational exposure to silica dust and gamma radiation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Small but statistically significantly increased excess rates were found for the group of all cancers other than lung cancer (n=6126; ERR/100 WLM=0.014 (95% CI 0.007; 0.022)) and for ischaemic heart diseases (n=6182; 0.010 (95% CI 0.003; 0.016)). The increase in risk was particularly observed at very high exposure levels. No clear association between radon exposure and other causes of death, comprising other subgroups of circulatory system diseases, non-malignant respiratory diseases excluding pneumoconiosis, neurodegenerative diseases and the many considered individual cancer sites was present. Notable were the estimates for myeloid leukaemia (n=114; 0.076 (95% CI -0.011; 0.164)) and pharynx cancer (n=112; 0.070 (95% CI -0.041; 0.182)).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of the Wismut cohort indicate small increased risks for a few selected outcomes. Overall, the study does not provide convincing evidence for an increased risk for other diseases than lung cancer due to radon.</p>","PeriodicalId":19459,"journal":{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"112-119"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12171518/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144005220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational differences in COVID-19 hospital admission and mortality risks between women and men in Scotland: a population-based study using linked administrative data.","authors":"Serena Pattaro, Nick Bailey, Chris Dibben","doi":"10.1136/oemed-2024-109562","DOIUrl":"10.1136/oemed-2024-109562","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Occupations vary with respect to workplace factors that influence exposure to COVID-19, such as ventilation, social contacts and protective equipment. Variations between women and men may arise because they have different occupational roles or behavioural responses. We estimated occupational differences in COVID-19 hospital admission and mortality risks by sex.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We combined (1) individual-level data from 2011 Census with (2) health records and (3) household-level information from residential identifiers, using a Scottish cohort of 1.7 million adults aged 40-64 years between 1 March 2020 and 31 January 2021. We estimated age-standardised COVID-19 hospital admission and mortality rates, stratified by sex and occupation. Cox proportional hazards models were adjusted for pre-pandemic health and occupational exposure factors, including interaction effects between occupation and sex.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Women had lower age-standardised COVID-19 hospital admission and mortality rates than men. Among women, adjusted death risks were lowest for health professionals, and those in associate professional and technical occupations (paramedics and medical technicians), with the latter supported by results from the interaction model. Among men, elevated adjusted admission and death risks were observed for large vehicle and taxi drivers. Additionally, admission risks remained high among men in caring personal services (including home and care workers), while elevated risks were observed among women in customer service occupations (call centre operators) and process, plant and machine operative roles (assemblers and sorters).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Occupational differences in COVID-19 hospital admission and mortality risks between women and men highlight the need to account for sex differences when developing interventions to reduce infections among vulnerable occupational groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":19459,"journal":{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"128-137"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12171494/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144013754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overwork and changes in brain structure: a pilot study.","authors":"Wonpil Jang, Sungmin Kim, YouJin Kim, Seunghyun Lee, Joon Yul Choi, Wanhyung Lee","doi":"10.1136/oemed-2025-110057","DOIUrl":"10.1136/oemed-2025-110057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the effects of overwork on brain structure to better understand its impact on workers' cognitive and emotional health. The goal was to provide evidence for the potential neurological risks associated with prolonged working hours.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 110 healthcare workers were classified into overworked (≥52 hours/week; n=32) and non-overworked groups (n=78). Brain volume differences were assessed using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and atlas-based analysis. General linear models adjusted for age, sex and total intracranial volume were applied, and correlation analyses explored relationships between weekly working hours and brain volume in regions with significant differences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overworked individuals exhibited significant changes in brain regions associated with executive function and emotional regulation. Atlas-based analysis revealed a 19% increase in left caudal middle frontal gyrus volume in the overworked group compared with the non-overworked group (p=0.006). VBM showed peak increases in 17 regions, including the middle frontal gyrus, insula and superior temporal gyrus (p<0.05). Correlation analyses indicated a positive association between weekly working hours and brain volume changes in the middle frontal gyrus and insula.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides preliminary evidence that overwork is associated with structural brain changes, particularly in regions linked to cognition and emotion. These findings provide novel neurobiological evidence linking prolonged working hours to structural brain changes, emphasising the need for further research to understand the long-term cognitive and emotional implications of overwork.</p>","PeriodicalId":19459,"journal":{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"105-111"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12171488/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143972374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mortality and cancer incidence among Queensland coal mine workers: a retrospective cohort.","authors":"Deborah Catherine Glass, Stella May Gwini, Anthony Del Monaco, Lin Fritschi, Michael John Abramson, Malcolm Ross Sim, Karen Walker-Bone","doi":"10.1136/oemed-2024-109549","DOIUrl":"10.1136/oemed-2024-109549","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To quantify mortality and cancer incidence among Queensland coal mine workers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cohort of coal mine workers from Queensland was linked to Australian national death and cancer registries for the period 1983-2020. Standardised mortality (SMR) and cancer incidence (SIR) ratios were calculated for men and women compared with Australian rates. Accidental deaths, suicides and melanoma incidence were also compared with Queensland rates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 4957 deaths among 164 622 men and 211 among 24 389 women. Overall mortality was lower than the national population for men (SMR 81 (95% CI 78 to 83)) and women (SMR 75 (95% CI 65 to 86)) and for all mine types. Mortality was significantly decreased for most death categories. Male suicide mortality was significantly increased compared with the national population, but not when compared with Queensland population rates.There were 5492 men and 406 women with cancer. Overall cancer incidence was higher than the national population for men (SIR 107 (95% CI 104 to 109)) but not for women (SIR 99 (95% CI 90 to 108)). There were increased risks for melanoma, lip, lung, bladder and gallbladder cancers compared with the general Australian population for men and women, but the numbers of women were small. When compared with Queensland rates, the overall risk of melanoma was not increased.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Consistent with the healthy worker effect, overall mortality was lower in this cohort. Cancer incidence was increased for men, but not women. The increased cancer risks highlight the need for further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19459,"journal":{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"120-127"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12171497/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143803928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A less detailed job axis in a quantitative job-exposure matrix results in a similar exposure-response association.","authors":"Johan Ohlander, Susan Peters, Hans Kromhout","doi":"10.1136/oemed-2024-109702","DOIUrl":"10.1136/oemed-2024-109702","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Quantitative job-exposure matrices (JEMs) have been developed to assign exposure using International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)-68 coded job information. For extended compatibility with the less detailed ISCO-88 coding, a quantitative JEM using the same underlying model was developed. We compared exposure-response relationships between cumulative respirable crystalline silica (RCS) and lung cancer risk using a quantitative JEM based on ISCO-88 (88-JEM) and ISCO-68 (68-JEM).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Based on a common set of approximately 15 000 RCS measurements, job-specific, region-specific and time-specific exposure levels were estimated for the 88-JEM and the 68-JEM and linked to participants' job histories. Exposure-response relationships in an international lung cancer case-control study were analysed by logistic regression and generalised additive models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 88-JEM and the 68-JEM yielded similar RCS-lung cancer associations, with elevated lung cancer risks across each cumulative exposure quartile. The 88-JEM exhibited a minor not statistically significant upward bend in the exposure-response curve at higher exposures.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To accurately detect associations between disease risk and occupational exposure, quantitative JEMs can be applied in community-based studies that provide job histories in either ISCO-88 or ISCO-68.</p>","PeriodicalId":19459,"journal":{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"157-160"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12171522/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}