Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Potential Applications of Marine Deposits Assessment Using Radiometric and Geochemical\u0000Data Integration in Arewa-Jantulu NW, Nigeria","authors":"Adamu A.1., A. Y., Attahiru A.U.","doi":"10.48198/njpas/21.b15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48198/njpas/21.b15","url":null,"abstract":"Exploration for uranium, thorium, potash, and manganese at this time can be seen as a magnitude that can settle into the immense economic benefit to the host community and the country at large. These minerals have transformed the economic landscape of many host countries and they can be mined to contribute significantly to the Nigerian economy. In this study In-situ measurements using Radiometric and trace element analysis of intercontinental deposits discovered by the paleomagnetic analysis were carried out in Arewa-Jantulu part of the Gwandu formation northwestern Nigeria. The present study was aim to measure and characterize the concentration of radioactive anomalies using radiometric and geochemical measurements. Uranium (U), Thorium (Th), and Potassium (%K) as well as the total count (TOT) gamma-ray concentration was measured with a portable Gamma-ray spectrometer. The results of the gamma-ray measurements shows spatial distribution plots of different levels of radioactivity over the studied area, which reflect contrasting radioelements contents for exposures to various rock types. The phase identification of marine soil sediment samples was determined from Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). While the study has shown the correlation plots of various trace elements versus radioelements concentration as well as the total concentration of some profiles of the study area. This study identified the need for the interpretation of geochemical data in this location to confirm the results obtained are meaningful. The study has also revealed the computed mean and standard deviation for trace elements analysis for ease assessment. For radioelements occurrences, the spatial distribution plots of activity of uranium (eU), thorium (eTh), and (K %) give an indication where high concentrations of thorium and uranium\u0000occur.","PeriodicalId":194209,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132319792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Storage Period and Moisture Content on Vacuum-Sealed Cassava Mash","authors":"Ishola T. A., Akande F.B., Subair I.O.","doi":"10.48198/njpas/21.b11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48198/njpas/21.b11","url":null,"abstract":"High-quality cassava flour and starch processing are hindered by distance between farms and flash dryers and the deterioration of cassava root after 24 hours of harvest. A vacuum sealer was used to investigate the effect of storage parameters on vacuum sealed cassava mash. The input variables were 5 levels of storage period and 3 levels of moisture contents. The output parameters were pH, total titratable acid, free cyanide and total cyanide. The Analysis of Variance revealed that both factors and their interaction were significant at 5% significance level. The vacuum sealed cassava mash was stored for 10 weeks and it was found that between 0 – 4 weeks there were no marked variation in the properties of pH, total titratable acid, free cyanide and total cyanide. It was observed that after the fourth week of storage pH increased as the moisture content and storage period increased. However, the total titratable acid, free cyanide and total cyanide decreased as the moisture content and storage period increased. This study revealed that cassava root could be harvested, processed into mash within 12 hours and stored in a vacuum sealed polythene bag and its quality will still be intact within four weeks. Hence, vacuum\u0000sealed cassava mash has a shelf-life of four weeks under ambient conditions.","PeriodicalId":194209,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121980392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Schistosomiasis and Water Related Activities: A Major Road Block to Disease Control among School-Aged Children in Endemic Communities along Oyan Dam in Ogun State,\u0000Nigeria","authors":"Jonathan J., Rasheed A. A., Wama B. E., Njilmah J. A.","doi":"10.48198/njpas/22.a01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48198/njpas/22.a01","url":null,"abstract":"Majority of sub-Saharan countries have restricted access to potable water supply, leaving them with the option of utilizing natural water bodies for their domestic chores which are polluted with advance stages of the schistosome parasite. This study was investigated to determine the water contacts usage among school pupil in Abuleoriowo and AbuleTitun along Oyan Dam in Ogun State, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was employed in collecting data of school pupil of 0-19 and their house hold. Result from the study indicates that schistosomiasis is endemic in the study communities with a high risk to source of 35 (46.7) % and 38 (50.7) % in Abule-Titin and Abule-Oriowo respectively. There was no significant difference between male and female, the result shows that 40(53.3%) females and 37(49.3%) male were exposed to water contact activities. Children are being vulnerable to Schistosomiasis as consequences of frequent water contact which affect the schistosomiasis control in school minor in the study areas. The communities living in Schistosome endemic area should be educated on important role of improved water, sanitation, and hygiene as pivotal to sustained intervention for the mitigation of schistosomiasis, whereas attitudes, and practices of water contact among school children should be discourage through community sensitization in order to mitigate their passive vulnerability\u0000to infective water.","PeriodicalId":194209,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"28 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120904219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial and Physicochemical Quality of Harvested Rain Water in Eku and Abraka\u0000Metropolis","authors":"M. E.","doi":"10.48198/njpas/21.b19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48198/njpas/21.b19","url":null,"abstract":"The study design was aimed at assessing the microbial as well as physicochemical qualities of harvested rain- water in Abraka and Eku metropolis. Thirty (30) samples, five (5) each were randomly collected from different environs within Abraka and Eku metropolis between the months of February and March, 2020. Standard microbiological procedures and biochemical techniques were conducted for the isolation, characterization and identification of bacterial isolates. Fungal isolations were done by microscopic and macroscopic examinations. The result findings of the total bacterial counts was observed to range from 3.7 ± 0.34 to 5.7 ± 0.32 ×103CFU/ml for sampled water obtained from Okomuku and Okurekpo respectively. Also, the counts of coliform and fungi ranged from 1.0± 0.42 to 4.4 ± 0.26 × 103 CFU/ml; 2.6 ± 0.18 to 4.7 ± 0.26 × 103CFU/ml respectively. Ten (10)species of bacteria were identified which includes: Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., Klebsiella sp., Shigella sp.,\u0000Staphylococcus sp., Bacillus sp., Micrococcus sp., Proteus sp., Pseudomonas sp. and Enterococcus sp. While the identified fungi include: Rhizopus sp., Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, and Penicillium sp. The result of percentage prevalence of bacterial species showed that Escherichia coli (22.2%) had the highest occurrence, while Proteus sp. (7.9%) and Enterococcus sp. (7.9%) were the least dominant isolates. Whereas, in fungal isolation, Aspergillus fumigatus (25%) was the most dominant compared to Rhizopus sp. (21.4%) and\u0000Penicillum sp. (17.8%) which followed in order of dominance. Virtually all antibiotics were observed to be susceptible to the Gram negative and positive bacterial isolates especially Ciprofloxacin (83%) and Chloramphenicol (100%). Results of the physicochemical properties and heavy metal ion compositions fell within the allowable limit set-up by the World Health Organization. However, the high contamination by microbes as revealed in the study could cause water-borne diseases and infections to consumers if not properly\u0000treated.","PeriodicalId":194209,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125711597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probability Distribution Modelling of Nigeria’s Economic Growth Rate","authors":"B. O. K., Adewole A.I., A. S","doi":"10.48198/njpas/21.b18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48198/njpas/21.b18","url":null,"abstract":"The probability distribution that best describes the Nigeria economic growth rate from year 1960-2019 was investigated. The secondary data obtained from www.macrotrends.net on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in other to measure the Economic Growth Rate of Nigeria was used. Six theoretical probability distributions were fitted using Normal distribution, Weibull distribution, Pareto distribution, Cauchy distribution, Gamma distribution, lognormal distribution. The Weibull distribution fitted the data as confirmed by the Kolmogorov Smirnov goodness of fit test and the best fit distribution was selected using the Akaike Information Criteria, Bayes Information Criteria. Probability forecast was done using the best fit probability distribution. This shows that the probability of obtaining an increase in the value of economic growth rate in less than 5 years in Nigeria is 8% which is highly low. Also, the probability of obtaining an increase in the value of Economic Growth rate in less than 10 years in Nigeria is 14% which is also low. Lastly, the probability of obtaining an increase in the value of economic growth rate above 10 years in Nigeria is 85% which is high. Meaning that before we can have\u0000a meaningful increment in our economic growth in Nigeria is after ten years of this study","PeriodicalId":194209,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129391507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of oil extraction from soybean by Response Surface Methodology utilizing d-Limonene as solvent","authors":"Chibuzor-Akujobi N. Lilian, Kamoru Adio Salam","doi":"10.48198/njpas/22.a03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48198/njpas/22.a03","url":null,"abstract":"Commercial oil extraction from soybeans is commonly achieved using solvent extraction with n-Hexane. The\u0000desire for fewer harmful and less combustible solvents has fueled the search for suitable green solvents. In the\u0000current investigation, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to optimize oil extraction from soybeans\u0000by d-Limonene as a solvent. Temperature was varied from 25 to 170 oC, solvent volume from 4 to 20 mL, contact\u0000time from 30 to 360 min, particle size from 0.25 to 0.50 mm, and agitation rate from 50 to 200 rpm to study their\u0000effects on the yield with the aid of a two-level, five-factor central composite design (CCD). The quality of\u0000extracted oil using d-Limonene was compared to that extracted with n-Hexane by Fourier transform infrared\u0000spectroscopy (FTIR). The second-order model developed accurately predicts the extracted oil yield. A 55 percent\u0000maximum oil yield was achieved at 170 °C, 20 mL solvent volume, 360 minutes, 0.5 mm particle size, and 200\u0000rpm. Temperature, solvent volume, contact time, and particle size substantially influence the extracted oil yield.\u0000The rate of agitation has minimal effect on the oil yield. The oil extracted at the process condition by d-Limonene\u0000or n-Hexane has the same quality.","PeriodicalId":194209,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126556611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Application of Successive Over-relaxation Algorithmic and Block Numerical\u0000Iterative Solutions for the Stationary Distribution in Markov Chain","authors":"A. Sunday. O, Ayinde Semiu A","doi":"10.48198/njpas/22.a02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48198/njpas/22.a02","url":null,"abstract":"The evolution of a system is represented by transitions from one state to the next, and the system's physical or mathematical behavior can also be depicted by defining all of the numerous states it can be in and demonstrating how it moves between them. In this study, the iterative solution methods for the stationary distribution of Markov chains were investigated, which start with an initial estimate of the solution vector and then alter it in such a way that it gets closer and closer to the genuine solution with each step or iteration., and also involved matrices operations such as multiplication with one or more vectors, which leaves the transition matrices unchanged and saves time. Our goal is to use Successive Overrelaxation Algorithmic and Block Numerical Iterative Solution Methods to compute the solutions. With the help of some existing Markov chain laws, theorems, and formulas, the normalization principle and matric operations such as lower, upper, and diagonal matrices are used. The stationary distribution vector’s π^((k+1) )={■(π_1^((k+1) )&π_2^((k+1) )&■(π_3^((k+1) )&π_4^((k+1) )&π_5^((k+1) ) )),k=0,1,2,…,n} are obtained for the illustrative examples, taken the initial stationary solution to be π^((0) )=(■(0.2&0.2&■(0.2&0.2&0.2)))^T and it was observed that all subsequent iterations yield exactly the same result as π^((1) ), and this shows that, the block iterative method requires only a single iteration to obtain the solution to full machine precision.","PeriodicalId":194209,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122526816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Selected Heavy Metals Distribution on Bitter Leaf (Vernonia amygdalina)\u0000Grown around e-Waste Dumpsite in Abraka Delta State, Nigeria","authors":"E. O'b., Ogonegbu C. A., O. S. A","doi":"10.48198/njpas/21.b13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48198/njpas/21.b13","url":null,"abstract":"The level of heavy metals in soil and V–amygdalina plant planted around e-waste dump site were investigated in this work, due to their associated pollution that is not biodegradable but accumulate in plants and animals. The soil around the e-waste dump site and two sample of V-amygdalina, i.e. both polluted and control soil were collected and analyzed via digestion and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The heavy metals mean concentrations ranged from 2.60 mg/kg (20 – 30 cm) – 1759.54 mg/kg (0 – 10 cm) across depths the trends where Fe > Co > Mn > Pb > Zn > Cr > Cu > Ba > Ni > Cd across depths. The polluted V-amygdalina (bitter leaf) plant mean concentrations follows the trend of unwashed leaf > washed leaf > stem > root across each metals. The statistical analysis displayed minimal significant difference that spanned from t = 0.06 – 0.22 and p = 7.27 – 88.34 for all the metals. The comparison of the heavy metals concentrations on the polluted plant with control and WHO/FAO permissible limit, it shows that pollution of some of the metals were observed on the plant while the reveres is the case for other metals since their values were above and below the control and WHO/FAO value. Contamination factors were low for all the metals in the categories of CF< 1, except Cd which displayed negative and high CF of CF > 6 on both polluted and control plant. The leaf (washed and unwashed)and stem displayed very high concentrations that fell in the categories of Cdeg ≥ 32, while only the unwashed and stem displayed very high Cdeg. The root displayed considerable Cdeg of 16 ≤ Cdeg < 32 respectively. The transfer factor follows the trend of Cu > Fe > Ba > Co > Ni > Zn > Cd > Cr > Pb > Mn respectively. Pollution were observed when heavy concentration were compared with control and WHO/FAO concentration limit, hence\u0000effort should be made to control the rate of dumping e-waste indiscriminately.","PeriodicalId":194209,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123400741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacteriological Analysis of Water used in Abattoirs within Ilorin metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria","authors":"Aiyedun J. O.,, Aina O. O.,, Oludairo O. O., Akanbi O. B.","doi":"10.48198/njpas/22.a09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48198/njpas/22.a09","url":null,"abstract":"Water that is used in the abattoir for meat processing, cleaning procedures, drinking and other activities must meet international standard for potable water. It must not contain chemicals, hard physical components or microorganisms in amounts high enough to cause hazards to health. The bacteriological status and risk posed by the water used in four government owned abattoirs in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria, were evaluated in this study. The bacteriological examination of samples of water from available sources in abattoirs in the study areas were carried out to determine their suitability for use and potability. Twenty-six samples were collected both before (BA) and during (DA) abattoir activities. The pour plate technique was used to ascertain the Total Viable Bacterial Count (TVC) of collected water samples. The Estimated Number of Coliform Count (ECC) was determined using MacConkey broth. The values of TVC and ECC for all the samples ranged from 2x106 to 4.8x107 CFU/mL This exceeded the 1x102 CFU/mL limit recommended by WHO for potable water. A total of 52 isolates belonging to 8 bacteria species were identified; 2 Acinetobacter spp. (3.8%), 14 Bacillus spp. (26.4%), 3 Citrobacter spp. (5.7%), 3 Enterobacter spp. (5.7%), 12 Salmonella spp. (22.6%), 4 Shigella spp. (7.6%), 9 Staphylococcus spp. (17%) and 6 Proteus spp. (11.2%) were isolated from the water samples. Results showed that water samples from the study areas had high bacterial load, thus posing high public health and food safety risks especially to the public that consume on meat processed with the water from these abattoirs. Governmental/non-governmental organizations and spirited individuals should urgently address the issue of provision of adequate and safe water for abattoir activities in addition to providing facilities for water treatment so as to safeguard the health of the populace. Consumers should properly wash meat and meats products after purchase, boiling, steaming, frying and proper cooking of meat after purchase and before consumption are highly recommended.","PeriodicalId":194209,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123007561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial and Temporal Variation of Particulate Matter Around Lagos Environs","authors":"Abodunrin Oluwasayo Peter","doi":"10.48198/njpas/22.a17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48198/njpas/22.a17","url":null,"abstract":"Air monitoring is very essential for characterizing health risks, formulating cost-effective abatement strategies, creating and enforcing appropriate air quality standards, and as well as healthy urban planning. This study investigates the spatial and temporal variation of aerosol pollution in Lagos environs, Nigeria. Selected sampling locations were Computer Village (CV), Oshodi Garage (OG), Magodo Estate (MG), and Caleb International College (CIC). Associated anthropogenic activities were the basis for the selection of the sampling location. Measurements of particulate matters were undertaken by employing the AEROCET 531S device in these selected residential, academic, and commercial environments across Lagos State. The measurements were taken at approximately 2 m from the ground in each sampling location. Data analysis and visualization were executed with python to enhance the visualization of the spatial and temporal distribution of the different particulate matter within and across the locations. A pronounced gradient of the particulate matter concentrations (µg/m3) was observed across the study area. The study outcome demonstrates that particulate matter distribution is dominated by PM10 in all locations under consideration. The proportions of fine particles to coarse particles in these environments were low ranging from 0.027 – 0.277 in CV, 0.018 – 0.395 in OG, 0.080 – 0.291 in MG, and 0.028 – 0.272 in CIC. Findings from this study established the dominance of coarse particles assumed to be contributed by cement dust, coal dust, flour, paint spray, pollen, cloud droplets, etc.","PeriodicalId":194209,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131387401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}