Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Implementation of an Effective Course Registration Credit Unit Monitoring System","authors":"Godwin A.Otu, Stephen E.Iheagwara, Fredrick I.Okonkwo, Suleiman A.Usman, Modupe S.Oyebanji","doi":"10.48198//njpas/23.b08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48198//njpas/23.b08","url":null,"abstract":"Automation of course registration is a major breakthrough with the advancement in information technology. Registration processes that take longer time most times eating deep into the semester and with laborious inputs from registration officers have evolved into a seamless and easy process due to the development of robust information systems. An information system requires accurate data for it to give a reliable output, so it is of the essence to be able to input accurate credit units of courses to the course registration system. Computing the credit units of courses by students and course registration officers is mostly manual, in this research, automation of this vital pre-process is implemented. The system is built using java programming language which makes it robust, simple and easy to use. It is a credit unit calculator that does not require being online before it can either be deployed or used. The system prompts the user to enter level, the semester, maximum credit load for the semester and their corresponding credit units. At each execution of the system the courses, corresponding credit units, total credit load for the semester is displayed provided the total credit units entered is not greater than the credit load for the semester, otherwise a prompt displays the excess credit units. Subsequent research can enhance the system to be able to send the output of the pre-registration document from the student directly to the registration officer, and also there should be a module embedded to the system that will enable the registration officer to perform the pre-registration document verification. A module to check double registration and determination if a given course is either first or second semester can also be added.","PeriodicalId":194209,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"211 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141013082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physalis angulata L. (Solanaceae): Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Studies of the Aqueous Methanol Leaves Extract","authors":"Ikpefan E.O., Ukwubile C.A., Okuefia F.A., Umunade O.P., Ikpefan J.O., Olowojoba J.I.","doi":"10.48198/njpas/23.b07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48198/njpas/23.b07","url":null,"abstract":"Physalis angulata has several ethnomedical uses. The study was aimed at investigating the potential antimicrobial and antioxidant of the aqueous-methanol extract of P.angulata leaves. The extract was cold macerated in 80% methanol and tested for phytochemicals, antioxidants, and antimicrobials. The agar well diffusion method was used to determine antimicrobial activities at 6.25–100 mg/mL. The microorganisms tested included Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus niger. The quantification of total phenols and flavonoids was conducted using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent method and the Aluminium Chloride colorimetric method, respectively. The assessment of radical scavenging activity was performed using the DPPH and FRAP models. The plant extract exhibited antibacterial activity, demonstrating concentration-dependent activity against all tested organisms. At 25 mg/mL, S. aureus and A. niger recorded zones of inhibitions of 19.00 and 23.00 mm while B. subtilis, E. coli, P. vulgaris and C. albicans recorded 18.83, 18.67, 14.00 and 4.35 respectively. However, at the maximum concentration of 100 mg/mL, A. niger recorded the highest zone of inhibition of 26.33 mm. The MIC was observed at 12.5 mg/mL against S. aureus, A. niger as well as 25 mg/ml B. substilis, E.coli, P. vulgaris and C. albicans respectively. The total flavonoids and phenolic activities was reported to be of 56.11±0.03 mg QAE/100 g and 96.13±0.07 mg QAE/100 g respectively. The DPPH and FRAP scavenging activities recorded IC50 of 0.05 and 0.07 mg/mL against 0.01 and 0.02 mg/mL of the control. The methanol extract of P. angulata leaves exhibited promising antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, supporting its traditional usage in ethno-medicine for treating many diseases.","PeriodicalId":194209,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141129744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Aqueous Solanum macrocarpon Leaves Extract on Hyperglycemia, Liver \u0000Enzymes, and Liver and Pancreas Histology in Alloxan-Induced Diabetes","authors":"Oyesola O.A, James J.U, Oluwole O.S, Okhiai O.","doi":"10.48198/njpas/23.b11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48198/njpas/23.b11","url":null,"abstract":"Solanum macrocarpon (SM) is frequently used for both medicinal and dietary purposes. It has been documented to \u0000have hypoglycemic properties in diabetes management. This research delved into the effect of aqueous Solanum\u0000macrocarpon leaves extract on blood glucose levels, liver enzymes, antioxidant enzymes, and histology of the liver \u0000and pancreas in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. A total of thirty male Wistar rats, with weights ranging from 150 to 200 \u0000g, were randomly divided into six groups, each containing five rats. The normal (A) and diabetic control (B) groups \u0000received distilled water. The diabetic treated groups (C, D, E, and F) were administered 5 mg of glibenclamide, 250 \u0000mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 750 mg/kg of Solanum macrocarpon extract orally for a period of 14 days. Significant reversal \u0000of the altered levels of liver enzymes was noted in the results. Positive alterations in blood glucose concentration and \u0000antioxidant enzyme activity were also observed. The histological examination showed damage to the hepatic and \u0000pancreatic cells of the diabetic untreated rat group, which was mitigated in diabetic rats treated with the aqueous \u0000extract. The findings indicate that the aqueous Solanum macrocarpon leaves extract serves as a valuable source of \u0000natural antioxidants, promoting both liver function and blood glucose regulation.","PeriodicalId":194209,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"160 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141013173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subsurface Mapping of Groundwater Contamination Pathway at Using Very Low Frequency Electromagnetic Method at Waste Site of Kubanni Basin, Zaria, Kaduna State","authors":"Umar M., Ahmed Z., Balarabe B, Sa'adu M, Abdullahi W","doi":"10.48198/njpas/23.b20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48198/njpas/23.b20","url":null,"abstract":"Groundwater contamination result from solid waste and leachate produced on daily basic by human activities. The increase in population led to indiscriminate disposal and mismanagement of this waste in most of the society. Geophysical survey is carried out in order to reveal the presence of subsurface structure that enhance hydraulic contact between the leachate and the groundwater. Very low frequency electromagnetic method (VLF-EM) was used to map the pathway for groundwater contamination at waste site of kubanni. Three profiles of VLF-EM reading were taken at 5m intervals along the profile. The aim is to investigate the structural zones or permeable zones that may serve as groundwater contamination pathway. The Microsoft excel and Fraser and Karous-Hjelt filtering software were used to interpret the result. The crossover point were observe at 85m, 95m, 110m and 135m which indicate good conductive ground which is an indication of contaminant plume zones. The point of maximal negative in both the in-phase and out-phase are 170m and 165m, revealing substantial fracture in the form of a dyke. This fracture can serve as the pathway for the contaminant to seep into the groundwater. The contaminated plume zones will move through the fractures in the subsurface to contaminate the underground water.","PeriodicalId":194209,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"223 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141012879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spacing and Tomatotone Influence on Yield of Rain Fed Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in Sudan Savanna of Nigeria","authors":"Adamu U.A, Jauro A.G, Manga A.A, Halima M.I, Maina A.G, H. Y., Yahaya U","doi":"10.48198/njpas/23.b02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48198/njpas/23.b02","url":null,"abstract":"Some scientific reports indicated that Tomatotone (4-Chlorophenoxy acetic acid (4-CPA) is one of the plant hormones that can be used to increase fruit setting and yield of tomato. The aim of the research is to evaluate the efficacy of 4-chlorophenoxy acetic acid at different plant population density. Field trials were therefore conducted during the rainy season of 2020 at two locations. The treatments consisted of three population density (22,222, 26,666 and 33,333) and four concentrations of 4-CPA (0, 50, 75 and 100 mgL-1 of distilled water). The experiment was laid out in a Complete Randomized Block Design and replicated three times. The data collected on yield and yield components were subjected to analysis of variance. The result showed that 4-CPA had a significant effect on fruit length, fruit weight, marketable fruit yield and total fruit yield. Plant population density was obtained also to have significantly influenced total fruit yield and marketable fruit yield. Based on the results of the study, it could be suggested that farmers in the areas of study can be advised to grow UC82B tomato and apply 4-CPA at a density of 22,222 plants ha-1 for higher yield of the crop during rainy season","PeriodicalId":194209,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"83 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141013386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Electro Spectroscopic Characterisation of Some Indigenous Nigerian Leafy Vegetables as Prospective Mineral Sources In Human Diets","authors":"Ogbonnaya F.C, Ukangwa N.A, Amah G,H, Oladele L.O","doi":"10.48198/njpas/23.b22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48198/njpas/23.b22","url":null,"abstract":"Minerals are nutrients that are needed in macro and micro amounts to guarantee proper body function. They are obtaineable from plant and natural sources. There has been continuous change in climatic conditions and this has resulted to low yield, pest infestation, loss of farm land, and concomitant low income generated from vegetables that are consumed regularly. The regular cuisines are becoming scarce and expensive with many households not aware of possible sources of suitable substitute to complement and supplement mineral requirements. This study examined the mineral composition of some indigenous leafy vegetables that can be consumed by humans as an alternate source of mineral. Colocasia esculenta (red Cocoyam), Laportea aestuans (L) (Tropical nettle weed), Daucus carota L (Carrot leaves), Manihot esculenta, Crantz (Cassava leaves) and Sesamum indicum (Sesame leaves) were collected and authenticated. Inductively coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry was used to analyse the mineral composition of each of the leaves. Microminerals like Boron, Copper, Iron, Manganese, Silicon, and Zinc were present in amount sufficient to fufill the daily required intake when 100 g of the plant was consumed. Macrominerals like Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium, and Sodium were also observed to be in quantities able to supply the recommended daily allowance on consumption of 100 g of the plant. The plants are rich in micro and macro minerals and therefore should be explored further as prospective sources of minerals for humans.","PeriodicalId":194209,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"8 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141014153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methyl jasmonate and diphenyl diselenide attenuate diethylnitrosamine and carbon tetrachloride-induced nephrotoxicity in rats via modulation of inflammation and oxidative stress processes","authors":"Adedoyin O.A, Opeyemi B.O, Adaramoye O.A","doi":"10.48198/njpas/23.b05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48198/njpas/23.b05","url":null,"abstract":"The pathogenesis of toxicity-mediated renal injury has been linked to reactive oxygen species. Therefore, intervention with antioxidant agents as part of therapeutic strategies is necessary. This study investigated the modulatory effects of Diphenyldiselenide (PhSe)2 and Methyl Jasmonate (MJ) against Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and Carbon tetrachloride (CCL4)-induced nephrotoxicity in male Wistar rats. Forty-eight (48) rats were assigned into six groups of eight animals each. Group 1 served as control, Group 2 received DEN (100mg/kg) + CCL4 (0.5mg/kg), Group 3 received [DEN+CCL4] and treated with MJ (50 mg/kg), Groups 4 and 5 received [DEN+CCL4] and treated with (PhSe)2 (5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg), and Group 6 received [DEN+CCL4] and treated with quercetin (50mg/kg). Administration of DEN and CCL4 increased serum urea, creatinine and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) by 97%, 62% and 73%. Furthermore, activities of glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase and catalase significantly (P<0.05) decreased in [DEN+CCL4] rats. The BCL-2 associated X, caspases -3 and -9 increased in rats administered-[DEN+CCL4]. In addition, TNF-α increased by 117%, myeloperoxidase and nitric oxide level increased by 385% and 65%, respectively in [DEN+CCL4]-administered rats. Histology showed mild vascular congestion and infiltration of inflammatory cells in interstitial spaces in [DEN+CCL4] rats. Interestingly, treatment with methyl jasmonate and diphenyl diselenide attenuated kidney function markers, reduced tissue inflammation and apoptosis status of [DEN+CCL4]-rats. Methyl jasmonate and diphenyldiselenide abate nephrotoxicity caused by combined administration of DEN- and CCL4- via induction of antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities.","PeriodicalId":194209,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"6 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141014489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacteriological Safety of Swimming Pools Within and Around the University of Port Harcourt","authors":"Andrew S.Adili, Onoriode C. Eruteya","doi":"10.48198/njpas/23.b24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48198/njpas/23.b24","url":null,"abstract":"The swimming pool is an essential place of recreation. However, these pools can pose significant public hazard for swimmers, especially when contagious levels exceed those recommended by regulatory agencies. Five different swimming pools in and around the University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, were investigated before and after usage for their microbial safety and susceptibility of bacterial isolates from the different swimming pools. Ten water samples from the swimming pools were serially diluted and dilution factors of up to 10-3 were cultured on the appropriate agar media, using the spread plate method. The mean coliform and fecal coliform counts ranged from <2 to 50MPN/100 ml and <2 to 17MPN/100 ml, respectively. The total heterotrophic bacterial count ranged from 3.80 to 4.76 log10cfu/ml. The resulting bacteria isolates were identified based on the morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics as Bacillus spp. (36%), Proteus spp. (28%), Citrobacter spp. (12%), Staphylococcus spp. (4%), Micrococcus spp. (4%), Providencia spp. (4%), Pseudomonas spp. (4%), Escherichia spp. (4%) and Salmonella spp. (4%). The isolated bacteria have varying resistance against gentamycin, augmentin, amoxicillin, carbapenem, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone and cefixime. The presence of coliform, fecal coliform and antibiotic resistant bacteria revealed that the examined swimming pools have not met the World Health Organization (WHO) standard for recreational waters, thus necessitating prompt and effective intervention.","PeriodicalId":194209,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"107 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141013340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Biochemical Effects of Waters from Awba Dam and Rivers Around Ewekoro Cement Factory, Ogun State, Nigeria on Selected Organs of the African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)","authors":"Oyinlola I.S, Olagunju A.S, Adaramoye O.A","doi":"10.48198/njpas/23.b06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48198/njpas/23.b06","url":null,"abstract":"The environment is polluted by indiscriminate disposal of sewage, industrial waste, toxic heavy metals and human activities. The settlements around Ewokoro cement factory depend on surrounding rivers for their domestic purposes. Thus, the study was designed to evaluate the biochemical effects of waters from Awba dam (located in University of Ibadan, Nigeria), rivers (Itori, Alaguntan, Elebute), and groundwater around Ewekoro cement factory, Ogun state, Nigeria on selected tissues of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Sixty juvenile African catfish were randomly assigned into six groups of 10 fish and cultivated in waters from Awba dam, and Ewekoro area while tapwater served as control for 12 weeks. Results showed that the turbidity, taste and colour of water samples were objectionable according to the NESREA standard. The concentrations of heavy metals; Co, Mn, Ni, Pb, Fe and Cr in water samples from Itori, Alaguntan and Elebute rivers, groundwater and Awba dam exceeded the permissible NESREA and WHO standards. The heavy metals; Fe, Pb, Co and Mn accumulated in the gills, kidneys and brain of C. gariepinus grown in waters from Awba dam, Ewekoro area rivers and groundwater. The levels of urea, nitric oxide, micronuclei (MN) and lipid peroxidation as well as activities of myeloperoxidase and lactate dehydrogenase were significantly high in C. gariepinus cultivated in these waters. The levels of antioxidant parameters (SOD, CAT and GSH) were significantly low in brain and kidney of C. gariepinus. More so, the level of caspase-9 decreased, while insignificant differences were observed in the levels of creatinine and caspase-3 in the C. gariepinus. Histology showed severe distortions in the cyto-architecture of kidneys, gills and brain of fish cultivated in these waters. Waters from Awba dam and Ewekoro area rivers have high metallic contents resulting in bioaccumulation of metals in kidneys, gills and brain of C. gariepinus leading to oxidative stress and inflammation, thereby creating a public health concern for the settlements in these areas.","PeriodicalId":194209,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"221 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141013043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling Determinants of Time to Age at First Marriage Among Nigeria Women: Stratified-Extended Cox Model","authors":"Adeniyi Olakiitan I, Olonijolu Ifeoluwa R, Omekam Ifeyinwa V, Olajire Oluwaseun A, Oguntomi Emmanuel B","doi":"10.48198/njpas/23.b26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48198/njpas/23.b26","url":null,"abstract":"The time to age at first marriage is the duration of time between birth until the age at which women began to live with their first partner. This study seeks to apply the Stratified-Extended Cox model (SE-Cox) which addresses the limitations of Cox proportional Hazard model and combines the features of both Stratified Cox and Extended Cox in a single model. The data on age at first marriage of women aged 15-49 from the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 2018 was used. It was observed that Highest educational qualification level, religion, birth cohort and age at first sex violates the Cox proportional hazard assumptions. The Highest educational qualification and religion are assumed to be strata while birth cohort and age at first sex are assumed to be time-varying covariates. The study showed that region, location of residence, wealth index, respondent age at first sex and birth cohort are significant factors that affects the age at first marriage.","PeriodicalId":194209,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"1 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141014734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}