Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Demographic Distribution Pattern and Antiretroviral Therapy Status Among HIV Patients in Selected Tertiary Hospitals in Abeokuta, Ogun State","authors":"Adijat O.A, Oluwasegun B.K, Thaddaeus O.A, Henry T.O, Olufunke B.S","doi":"10.48198/njpas/23.a21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48198/njpas/23.a21","url":null,"abstract":"The occurrence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Nigeria is relatively high and compromised with low antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage. The study aimed at investigating the effect of ART on the CD4 cell count among seropositive individuals. Blood samples of HIV patients visiting three referral hospitals in Abeokuta were collected and CD4 cell count determined via flow cytometry method. Socio-demographic data of patients were also collected and analyzed using STATA/IC. A total of 615 seropositive blood samples were collected from three hospitals. The female to male ratio was found to be 2:1 of which age bracket 20-40 years had the highest infective number (63.3%) among other age categories. There was higher HIV occurrence among the married (52%) than the single (26.8%), while those with primary or secondary education had the highest (42.4%) compared to tertiary education (36.7%) and no formal education (9.1%). The CD4 count of infected cases showed that 51.2% had CD4 count between 100-200 cells/µL with 5.2% above 200 cells/µL. Also only 47.3% of the total infected cases placed on ART had a mean CD4 cell count (132.1±4.23) higher than those not on ART (CD4 count = 98.67±3.56). As a way of effectively managing HIV in Ogun State and meeting the 2030 set goal of USAIDS there is need for more HIV screening for early commencement of ART towards suppressing viral load.","PeriodicalId":194209,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"48 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138602074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Tissue Phantom Ratios of High Energy Photon Beams Using Monte Carlo Code","authors":"Ibitoye A.Z, Adedokun M.B, Ogungbemi I.K","doi":"10.48198/njpas/23.a09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48198/njpas/23.a09","url":null,"abstract":"Monte Carlo codes are veritable tools in radiotherapy to understand the transport mechanism, dose distributions, and energy depositions of ionizing radiations traversing in different media. In some beam calibration protocols, a tissue-phantom-ratio at depths 20 cm and 10 cm (TPR20,10) in a phantom is used to determine the beam-quality conversion factor for different ion chambers. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the efficiency of Monte Carlo code in the determination of beam quality of high radiation energy beams similar to what is expected in clinical settings. Electron Gamma Shower National Research Council in Canada (EGSnrc) Monte Carlo Code was used to design complex ion chamber geometries according to the manufacturer’s specifications. Phase space files were used as x-ray beam radiation sources. Two set-ups (SAD and SSD) methods were used for the determination of TPR20,10 to conform to the accepted clinical procedures. Beam collimation was 10 cm by 10 cm field size with an ionization chamber placed at 20 cm and 10 cm in the water phantom to obtain doses at two points respectively. The TPR20,10 of each energy was obtained using the appropriate equations. The obtained results showed no significant difference between the measured and available TPR 20,10 data (p = 0.995). Ion chamber configurations and specifications were also found not to have a significant effect (p = 0.33) on the TPR 20,10 obtained values. The results obtained in this study are in agreement with the recommended standard values. The findings of this study show that the Monte Carlo codes can be used as a tool in determining x-ray beam quality indices of designed clinical linear accelerator (Linac) machines.","PeriodicalId":194209,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"15 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138604200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of bla-CTXM and bla-TEM Genes, and Biofilm Forming Ability of Esherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated From Salad Sold at a Private University","authors":"Olisaka F.N, Obanor E.O, Daniel E.O, Obi L.U","doi":"10.48198/njpas/23.a10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48198/njpas/23.a10","url":null,"abstract":"Food poisoning can be caused by a wide range of substances including but not limited to the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in food e.g. salads. However, there is no report on the occurrence of pathogenic microorganisms in the salads sold in a private University campus and as such the research was performed in order to determine the food safety levels as well as probable sources of contaminants of the salads in the university. The purpose of this research, was to determine the frequency of occurrence of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus in salads sold in the cafeteria on the campus. A total number of 13 samples of salad were obtained and screened for the possible presence of pathogenic bacteria. Identified bacteria isolates were then tested for virulence traits such as antibiotic resistance, motility, biofilm and possession of blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes. All the sought for organisms were found in all collected samples. The total heterotrophic count ranged from 0.74 ± 1.3 ×103cfu/g to 28.2 ± 1.75 × 103cfu/g. The frequency of occurrence of these microorganisms in the salads from the cafeteria stalls ranged from 0(0%) to 5(41%). S. aureus and E. coli had the highest occurrence at 34%. The result of the antibiotic susceptibility test showed complete resistance of all isolates to amoxicillin clavulanate and cefotaxime and complete sensitivity to gentamycin and ofloxacin. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and S. aureus isolates showed multi-drug resistance. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index ranged from 0.16 to 0.83. Out of all the isolates, only one E. coli of all the E. coli isolates showed the ability to produce biofilm. Amplification of the ESBL genes (blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes) in S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa isolates showed that they possess the gene which encodes for their resistance to cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, penicillin and cephalosporins. The presence of these organisms in ready to eat salads is a cause for concern as these organisms have been associated with serious foodborne infections.","PeriodicalId":194209,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"15 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138603536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"APPLICATION OF SINGLE STEP EULER AND TRAPEZOID METHODS OF SOLVING TRANSIENT DISTRIBUTION IN MARKOV CHAIN","authors":"Agboola S.O., Adebiyi O.O., Obaromi D.A.","doi":"10.48198/njpas/23.a08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48198/njpas/23.a08","url":null,"abstract":"The computation of state probability distributions at an arbitrary point in time, which in the case of a discrete-time Markov chain means finding the distribution at some arbitrary time step n denoted π^((n) ), a row vector whose i^th component is the probability that the Markov chain is in state i at time step n, and this is the iterative solution methods for transient distribution in Markov chain. In this study, the solutions of transient distribution in Markov chain using Euler and trapezoid methods have been investigated, in order to provide some insight into the solutions of transient distribution in Markov chain, which produce a significantly more accurate response in less time for some types of situations and also tries to get to the end result as quickly as possible with the solution conform with a specified number of well-defined stages is computed for large space Markov chain. Matrices operations, such as the product and matrix inversion are performed and Markov chain laws, theorems, formulas with MATLAB software are utilized. For illustrative examples, the transient distribution vector's π_((i+1) ),i=0,1,2,…, ; is computed for both Euler and Trapezoid methods and their corresponding error when compared with different method. The effect of decreasing the step size using the same infinitesimal generator is examined, also, by taking π_((0) )=(■(1&0&0)) and the length of the interval of integration to be τ = 1, it is observed that the accuracy achieved with the explicit Euler method has a direct relationship with the step size. It is also concluded that the much more accurate results are obtained with the trapezoid method.","PeriodicalId":194209,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"80 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138604550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of the Major Microbial Diseases Associated with High Mortality in Ruminants in Nigeria","authors":"lorunshola I.D, Daodu O., Aiyedun J.O., Oludairo O.O., Akanbi B.O, Adegboye D.S, Peters A.R","doi":"10.48198/njpas/23.a22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48198/njpas/23.a22","url":null,"abstract":"Ruminants remain a major source of animal protein for tens of millions of Nigerians. With an estimated ruminant population of 18.4 million Cattle, 43.4 million Sheep, and 76 million goats, livestock production is one of the largest agricultural sub-sectors of the Nigerian economy, contributing more than one-third of Nigeria’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Despite this, diseases of varying morbidity and mortality have plagued livestock and seasonally, threaten to wipe out specific animals in some areas in Nigeria. These outbreaks and epizootics are often unreported, unconfirmed, or poorly documented. Thus, this review provides information on the role of pathogenic microorganisms in ruminant mortality and production losses in Nigeria. A scoping review method was utilised to generate baseline data on ruminant diseases and interventions for the control and eradication of diseases of high mortality in ruminants in Nigeria. Overall, brucellosis, contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) and foot and mouth Disease (FMD), were identified as the major ruminant diseases in Nigeria. Mortalities were mostly associated with CBPP and brucellosis in cattle. FMD constituted the other impediments of moderate to high morbidities and mortalities to ruminant production in Nigeria. The endemicity of these diseases is driven by poor herd health management systems, inadequate financial support from the government, animal movement, border porosity, poor surveillance activities, inadequate outbreak reporting mechanisms, animal identification and quarantining activities, insufficient number of vets and paravets working in the government and public services.","PeriodicalId":194209,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"36 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138601252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiological assessment and Multiple Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Enterobacteriaceae recovered from kulikuli sold at selected markets in Ife-North Local Government Area","authors":"Thonda O.A, Wilkie E.D, Ogidi C.O, Aladejana O.M, Degan B","doi":"10.48198/njpas/23.a19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48198/njpas/23.a19","url":null,"abstract":"The native West African population eats a groundnut-based snack called kulikuli (groundnut cake). The study was carried out in order to evaluate, characterize, and determine multiple antibiotic resistance index (MAR-I) of isolated pathogen isolated in ready-to-eat kulikuli snacks. 52 samples of kulikuli in total were collected for this investigation from Odeomu market and its surroundings in Osun State, Nigeria. Using the pour plate technique, bacteriological analysis of the samples was performed. Total coliform counts were counted on MacConkey agar, total bacterial counts on Nutrient agar, and total fungal counts were counted on potato dextrose agar. Phenotypic and biochemical assays were used in identifying the bacterial isolates. Disc diffusion techniques were used to test the isolates' antibiotic susceptibility, and the MAR index of the isolates was determined. The total bacterial count, total coliform count and the total fungal count of the samples varied from 1.5 to 8.8×103cfu/g, 0.3 to 6.6×103cfu/g and 1 to 7.3×104cfu/g respectively. The organisms recovered were enteric, Gram-negative members of the Enterobacteriaceae family. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) to four to seven different antibiotics was developed by the isolates. The research area has a high overall rate of multiple drug resistance pathogens isolated from the kulikuli samples. The MAR Index was higher than 0.2, however a MAR index that is greater than 0.2 suggested high-risk sources, like places where bacteria have been repeatedly exposed to antibiotics or where the use of antibiotic is common. In conclusion, in order to avoid consuming these pathogens and harmful toxins together with the products, kulikuli should be sold in hygienic conditions and environments, be sealed, and not be exposed to air. This is because the organisms identified in this study indicated health risks that would be harmful to consumers.","PeriodicalId":194209,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138603835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Citrus limon (lemon) Peels and Seeds on Bacteria Isolated From Nose","authors":"Adomi P.O, Oyubu O.L","doi":"10.48198/njpas/23.a16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48198/njpas/23.a16","url":null,"abstract":"Citrus peels are the main waste from citrus processing companies. Waste from citrus processing accounts for more than 50% of the total fruit weight. This huge waste must be converted into useful and economical products. Study investigated the antibacterial effects of Citrus limon peels(rind) and seeds against bacteria isolated from the noses of students at a higher education institution. Bacteria isolated from nasal swabs were identified by culture and biochemical tests. Sensitivity testing was performed using diffusion in agar wells. Phytochemical tests of lemon peel and seeds were performed by standard methods. Thirty-two bacteria were isolated and identified from the students' nasal samples. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most prevalent organism. The methanolic lemon peel extract was the most active against the isolated bacteria, with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 6.25 mg/ml and 12.5 mg/ml against S. epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. The qualitative phytochemical tests results of the peels and seeds included alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides and steroids. Lemon peel extract was active against bacteria isolated from the nose.","PeriodicalId":194209,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138602798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Study of Antibacterial Activity of Leaf and Root Extracts of Sida acuta Burm. F. Against Staphylococcus sciuri Isolated From Acne Using Computer-Aided Technique","authors":"Nosa A. A., Addeh I., Okanlawon T.S., Onyijen O.H., Omojoyegbe R.T.","doi":"10.48198/njpas/23.a07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48198/njpas/23.a07","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the significant anti-bacteriological efficacy between leaf and root of Sida acuta Burm. F. extracts against acne inducing bacteria. Twelve samples were collected from twelve persons with facial acne. Nutrient agar was used for the isolation of the bacteria and 16S rRNA gene sequencing technique was used for molecular identification. Bioinformatics analysis was carried out using Basic Local Alignment Search Tools (BLAST) for similarity, Cluster W software for multiple sequence alignment and MEGA 7 software for the phylogenetic analysis. Antibacterial susceptibility test of the bacterial isolates was carried out using the agar well diffusion method. A total number of six bacterial species were identified as Staphylococcus sciuri. The study revealed that control antibiotic- Ciprofloxacin (CFX) inhibited the growth of all the bacterial isolates. Staphylococcus sciuri was susceptible to leaf ethanol extract of Sida acuta at 75 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml and was susceptible to the aqueous root extract at 25 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml while it was susceptible to the ethanol root extract at 2.5 μg/ml. From this study, it was shown that the aqueous root extracts had more zones of inhibition with the maximum inhibition of 45mm at 100 μg/ml. Hence, Sida acuta Burm. F. is a powerful antimicrobial agent.","PeriodicalId":194209,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138602830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studies on The Control of Three Species of Fungi Isolated From Sorghum with Extracts of Galic (Allium sativum) and Ginger (Zingiber officinale)","authors":"Banso A., Ajeigbe S.O, Ajayi M.A","doi":"10.48198/njpas/23.b03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48198/njpas/23.b03","url":null,"abstract":"Fungi contaminate grains and seeds with mycotoxins. The consumption of such mycotoxin contaminated grains by mammals cause mycotoxicoses. This has a great public health significance because the toxins are nephrotoic, immunotoxic, tetratogenic and clastogenic.. These can cause death and disorder of central nervous system. They can also cause pulmonary system and intestinal tract disorder. Sorghum are important crops in Nigeria, Mali and Niger. The objective of this study include the isolation of three fungi associated with sorghum in storage, test for the presence of mycotoxin in stored sorghum, determination of antifungal activity of Allium sativum and Zingiber officinale. Results of the identification of fungi associated with stored sorghum showed that it contains Aspergilus oryzae, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. Assay for mycotoxin showed that Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger produced aflatoxins B1.. Fumanisin B1 and aflatoxinB1 were produced by Aspergillus flavus. This finding will serve the purpose of alerting consumers on the dangers of consuming poorly stored sorghum. The results of this study also suggest that extracts of plants could prevent the growth of fungi in stored sorghum and also serve as a source of chemotherapeutic agents.","PeriodicalId":194209,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"5 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138602965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective and Ameliorative Effects of Adansonia digitata and Corchorus olitorius Leaves-based Diet on Gamma-irradiation induced Genotoxicity and p53 Damage in Cellular System of Rats","authors":"Bello O.K., Oloyede H.O.B., Salawu M.O., Yakubu M.T.","doi":"10.48198/njpas/21.b02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48198/njpas/21.b02","url":null,"abstract":"Exposure to gamma irradiation (γ-IR) causes cellular alterations (CA) in animals. Extract of Adansonia digitata and Corchorus olitorius leaves (ADCOL) have been shown to protect against γ-IR-induced CA in rats. Traditionally, the leaves are consumed as part of diets, however, there is paucity of scientific information on the use of ADCOL based-diet (BD) against CA. Thus, the study investigated the effects of ADCOL BD in cellular system of irradiated rats. The objectives of the study were to determine the secondary metabolites in ADCOL, induce cellular alterations in rats and evaluate the protective, ameliorative and toxicity of ADCOL BD on rats. A total of 72 rats (186 ± 4.90g) were used in the 2 phases of this study. In the ameliorative phase, 36 rats were assigned into 6 groups of 6 each; Group I were fed with rat chow and distilled water only, all other groups were irradiated, such that, Groups II III, IV, V & VI were fed rat chow only, 80% inclusion of ADBD, 80% inclusion of COBD, 80% inclusion of combined ADCOLBD and Vitamin-C-BD respectively. Similar design was adopted for protective phase, except that, the rats were initially fed the inclusion diet before irradiation. Micronuclei status were viewed by automated electron microscope, p53 level was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and antioxidant status of rat were determined by standard methods. Data were analysed using Duncan multiple range test at p<0.05. The findings in this study, were that; secondary metabolites constituents of A. digitata and C. olitorius were alkaloids (78.76 and 72.36g/dl) terpenoids (42.45 and 21.25 g/dl) flavonoids (13.42 and 104.81g/dl) polyphenols and (147.90 and 203.14 g/dl) respectively; γ-irradiation significantly (p<0.05) increased mean number of micronuclei and decreased p53, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) level in rats; 80% inclusion of A. digitata and C. olitorius leaf-BD significantly (p<0.05) reduced mean number of micronuclei and increased p53, SOD, CAT and GSH level in irradiated rats. The study concluded, that A. digitata and C. olitorius protected cellular damage induced by radiation. Thus, recommending their use against cellular damage.","PeriodicalId":194209,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"7 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138603245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}