Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Antidiabetic Studies of Cnestis ferruginea Ethanolic Root Extract in Wistar Rats","authors":"Okoro E.O, Oghenevwodokohwo I.O, Inegbedion A.","doi":"10.48198/njpas/23.a17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48198/njpas/23.a17","url":null,"abstract":"The need to develop new and affordable antidiabetic drugs with minimal side effects is a growing area of research interest. The medicinal plant Cnestis ferruginea DC has diverse pharmacological applications. Its leaves and roots are used for the treatment of diabetes by traditional healers. As a result, the antidiabetic activity of ethanolic extract of C. ferruginea (EECF) roots was evaluated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The influence of EECF (200 and 400 mg/kg bw) was studied for three weeks, with glibenclamide as a positive control. The phytochemical screening of EEFC was also performed. Like glibenclamide, treatment with EECF caused a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in fasting blood glucose (FBG) in diabetic rats. A significant (p < 0.05) alteration in serum lipid profile parameters, kidney and liver function parameters, as well as oxidative stress markers in kidney and liver tissues, was observed in diabetic control rats relative to the normal control ones. But the treatment of diabetic rats with EEFC resulted in significant (p < 0.05) restoration of these parameters to a near-normal level. The phytochemical analysis of EEFC showed the presence of alkaloids, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, phlobatannins, saponins and tannins. Thus, the results offer proof to support the traditional use of C. ferruginea roots in the treatment of diabetes. The antidiabetic activity of EEFC may be due to its phytoconstituents.","PeriodicalId":194209,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"31 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138601278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socio-Economics and Health Impact of Quarry Sites on the Surrounding Localities in Ogun State, Nigeria","authors":"Hassan I .A.","doi":"10.48198/jpas/23.a04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48198/jpas/23.a04","url":null,"abstract":"Rock quarry provides needed materials used in the road and building construction thus has significant impact on the economy. The aim of this investigation is to look into the socio-economics and health impact of the quarry sites on the surrounding locations in Ogun State. Two hundred copies of structured questionnaire were administered to elicit socio-economic, health, and environmental impact information in eight locations, namely Isara, Igodo, Ilagbe, Baaki Ake, Adelokun, Idode, Ogbere, and Iwaye; while reported diseases data were collected from six Local Government Areas (LGAs) health centres. Data collected were subjected to both inferential and differential statistics using a statistical package for science (SAS 94.0) version. The diseases commonly suffered by the residents were insomnia (34.8 %) Iwaye (Ijebu North east LGA), malaria (63.6 %) Ogbere (Ijebu East LGA), catarrh (40.9 %) Kajola (Owode/Obafemi LGA), skin irritation (46.7 %) Isara (Remo LGA), headache (42.1 %) and cough (31.6 %) Odeda (Odeda LGA),. The environmental impacts of quarrying activities revealed that nearby residents were negatively affected while their economic status was better. In conclusion, the environmental and health impacts of quarrying activities revealed that nearby residents were negatively affected.","PeriodicalId":194209,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"23 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138601800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Electrical Resistivity Method to Decipher Groundwater Occurrence Status at Isikuku, Southern Nigeria","authors":"Onukwusi C.C., Bassey P., Ekeahenhen T.A.","doi":"10.48198/njpas/22.a14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48198/njpas/22.a14","url":null,"abstract":"Electrical resistivity method is a type of geophysical survey employed for groundwater investigation, conducted in Isikuku Community in Benin City, Edo state with the aim of delineating groundwater occurrence. Schlumberger electrode array configuration was employed in this study. Six (6) VES points were surveyed with linearised inversion technique used for the interpretation of sounding taken at various locations in the area. The data collected were interpreted by curved matching and computer iteration using Interpex Ix1D v 2 software. From the geoelectric section, VES 1 possess the AK curve with four layers ρ1˂ρ2˂ρ3˃ρ4, VES 2 possess the KQ curve with four layers ρ1˂ρ2˃ρ3˃ρ4, VES 3 possess the A curve with three layers ρ1˂ρ2˂ρ3, VES 4 possess the AK curve with four layers ρ1˂ρ2˂ρ3˃ρ4, VES 5 possess the A curve with three layers ρ1˂ρ2˂ρ3, VES 6 possess the K curve with three layers ρ1˂ρ2˃ρ3. Geo-electrical layers identified in the study area included topsoil, sandy clay, clay basement and sandstone. The VES study revealed the layer which constitute the productive water-bearing zones referred to as good groundwater potential aquifers. The analysis of the interpretation of the field data showed that the area under investigation delineated four layers earth in each of the vertical electrical sounding point. Generally, the geoelectric survey conducted in the study area revealed the subsurface lithologies: Clay, Clayey Sandstone, Sand stone, Coarse Sand, Lateritic soil and Top soil. Thus, vertical electrical sounding techniques employed in this study has proved useful and successful in delineating subsurface lithology in the study area.","PeriodicalId":194209,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"48 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138602080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal Environment Analysis of Selected Polyethene Cladded Single-Span Greenhouse\u0000Shapes Models Towards Cooling Needs","authors":"T.D. Akpenpuun, Q.O. Ogunlowo, O.M. Ogundele, D.T. Afolabi, M.B. Hassan, T. A. Ajayi, I. O. Oparemi, L. J. Oyeniyi, J. O. Olaniyan","doi":"10.48198/njpas/22.b10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48198/njpas/22.b10","url":null,"abstract":"Greenhouse energy management is one of the most significant factors of consideration in greenhouse agriculture. Besides implementing energy supply systems to the facility, energy-saving measures must also be taken into consideration. To address the issue of energy demand by greenhouses in a tropical environment, three greenhouse models were developed to simulate their thermal environments utilizing the Transient Systems\u0000Simulation Program (TRNSYS 18) as a building energy simulation (BES) platform. The proposed models were used to examine the impact of greenhouse design parameters; roof shape, orientation, covering (polyethene), and ventilation, on their temperature, relative humidity (RH), vapour pressure deficit (VPD), and cooling load. It was found that the most suitable roof design and orientation was the split-gable roof design with the ventilation switched on and 0o (E-W) orientation that had the lowest mean temperature of 24.12 oC and the least cooling demand of 454.59W. While the tunnel greenhouse had the highest cooling load of 21.30 kW. The split-gable greenhouse had. Also, the RH and VPD in the split-gable greenhouse with ventilation were within the acceptable ranges of 50-75% and 0.8 and 1.1 kPa, respectively, for successful greenhouse crop production. The developed models can aid greenhouse farmers in knowing the cost-benefit of a greenhouse before venturing into greenhouse agriculture in the tropical regions.","PeriodicalId":194209,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121001005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epoxidation of melon seed (Citrullus colocynthis L) oil: A kinetic and thermodynamic\u0000approach for industrial applications","authors":"Akpoveta V. O., Fasasi M. A., Arigbede, J.","doi":"10.48198/njpas/22.b06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48198/njpas/22.b06","url":null,"abstract":"Unsaturated melon seed oil had its epoxidation process studied at varied temperatures (30OC -70OC) within a three hours reaction time, for possible oxirane formation because of its industrial significance. Oil was extracted from melon seeds and characterized for its physicochemical properties using standard methods. The specific gravity (30OC), iodine value, acid value, saponification value, peroxide value and percentage oil content were found as 0.931, 118.69 gI2/100g, 5.08 mg KOH/g, 165.7 mg KOH/g, 4.75 meq/kg and 60% respectively. Physicochemical characteristic of the oil reveals it is semi-drying oil which is rich in high molecular weight fatty acids, with good stability against rancidity. The epoxidation process which was monitored by its oxirane content is seen to proceed faster at the highest studied temperature of 70OC, giving the highest oxirane content of 5.87%. Optimization of the epoxidation process showed that optimum epoxidation of melon seed oil can be achieved at 70OC within one hour; as compared to other temperatures studied. Process kinetics evaluated in terms of its oxirane yield showed that the epoxidation process followed pseudo-zero order kinetics with respect to oxirane formation. Their rate constants were found to be 0.032 hr-1, 0.041 hr-1, 0.059 hr-1 and 0.24 hr-1 for the epoxidation process at 30OC, 50OC, 60OC and 70OC respectively; which shows that the epoxidation rate increases with increasing temperature. Thermodynamic parameters such as activation energy (Ea), activation enthalpy (∆H≠), activation entropy (∆S≠) and Gibb’s free energy (ΔG≠) were determined to be 133.11 kJmol-1, 18.22 kJmol-1, -0.21 kJmol-1 K-1 and 87.95 kJmol-1 respectively. The observed thermodynamic properties indicated strong temperature dependence of the epoxidation reaction rate, endothermicity and non-spontaneity of the process. The findings of this study will guide in maximizing oxirane yield and save cost significantly in the production of epoxidized melon seed oil employed for large scale industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":194209,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126902624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production of Cellulase by Trichoderma viride via Submerged Fermentation using Corncob as Substrate","authors":"Kamaluddeen, S.Y., Madika, A.","doi":"10.48198/njpas/22.b12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48198/njpas/22.b12","url":null,"abstract":"Cellulolytic enzymes are commonly used in lignocellulosic biomass conversion, textile, and paper and pulp industries. However, the high cost of cellulase and the high demand has led to increase researches to explore agro-residues for cost-effective production. This study was aimed at isolating Trichoderma viride from decaying wood and soil, and testing the isolates for cellulase production via submerged fermentation using corncob as substrate. Twenty-one (21) soil samples were collected from three different locations (botanical garden, refuse dump site and decaying wood) and used in the study. Colonies suspected to be Trichoderma viride were identified by microscopy of lactophenol cotton blue-stained preparation and slide culture technique, respectively. Isolates confirmed to be Trichoderma viride were then screened for cellulase production on a mineral salt medium containing carboxymethyl cellulose as an inducer. The isolates were further tested for cellulase production using corncob as the substrate via submerged fermentation. Out of the 21 samples analysed, 4 (19%) were positive for Trichoderma viride based on cultural and microscopic characteristics. The highest occurrence of Trichoderma viride (57%) was recorded from decaying wood samples, while no occurrence (0%) was observed from the botanical garden and refuse dumpsite soils. All four isolates obtained produced cellulase, with T. viride DW6 having the highest zone of cellulose hydrolysis (61.5 ± 2.12 mm) and T. viride DW1 having the least (58.5 ± 2.12 mm). The highest enzyme activity was recorded from T. viride DW4 (3.41 ± 0.46 U/ml) and the lowest from T. viride DW1 (1.77 ± 0.52 U/ml) using corncob as substrate. Trichoderma viride is abundantly present in decaying wood, and such isolates have high cellulase-producing ability, as wood material is rich in cellulose. This preliminary study provides information on the isolation of T. viride from decaying wood and their potential for cellulase production using corncob as substrate.","PeriodicalId":194209,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"66 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120838977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Geophysical and Geochemical Approach to Environmental Impact Assessment around Cassava Mills in Western Niger Delta, Nigeria","authors":"Aweto Kizito Ejiro","doi":"10.48198/njpas/23.a06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48198/njpas/23.a06","url":null,"abstract":"Cassava mill effluent (CME) contains a significant concentration of different hazardous inorganic components, especially cyanide (CN), which can result in environmental problems. This study seeks to evaluate the impacts of CME on groundwater around Eku. A 2D electrical resistivity survey, geochemical analysis and groundwater modelling were adopted for this study. The Zones impacted by CME imaged by the inverted resistivity structure were distinguished by low resistivity ranging between 0.46 – 21.05 Ωm. Geochemical analysis of CME indicated high concentrations of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Electrical Conductivity (EC), CN, and heavy metal components and have the capability to contaminate surrounding groundwater. The groundwater model showed flow in the Southeast – Northwest (SE – NW) direction with a velocity of 54.24 m/year. The pH value, the concentration of CN, TDS, EC, and heavy metals in groundwater samples, when compared with the WHO drinking standard, revealed that groundwater in only one hand dug well about 20 m away from a cassava mill indicated a significant degree of contamination. A pattern of decreasing CN concentration with distance from the mill was observed in groundwater; areas with CN concentration greater than 0.2 mg/l after 1 year was 30 m away from the cassava mill but extended to about 75 m after 5 years.","PeriodicalId":194209,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128837140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insight to Antitrypanosomal and Anti-Anaemic Potency of Bitter Leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) Ethanol Extract on Trypanosoma congolense-Infected Wistar Rats","authors":"M.O., Tom-Otu, O. S. Omowaye, D. Makolo, P. F. Ayodele, E. S. Eneojo","doi":"10.48198/njpas/22.b15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48198/njpas/22.b15","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Trypanosomiasis often caused by trypanosome is common among wildlife and domestic animals. Aim and Objectives: This study assessed the antitrypanosomal and anti-anemic activities of bitter leaf ethanol extract (BLEE) against Trypanosoma congolense. Methodology: Forty (40) healthy wistar rats of both sexes weighing 120-150 g were used at the beginning of the experiment. They were randomly divided into six groups (A, B, C, D, E and F). In A, B, D, E and F (n = 5) but group C was started with fifteen (15) rats till death reduced the population to five (5). Group A rats were uninfected and untreated; group B rats were uninfected but treated (500 mg/kgbwt BLEE); group C rats were infected but not treated; groups D, E and F rats were infected and treated (100, 300 and 500 mg/kgbwt BLEE, respectively). Infection of the rats was carried out by injecting 0.1 ml of blood containing approximately 1 × 103 trypanosomes intraperitoneally into each rat in the infected groups. The effects of BLEE on the infected rats were determined. Changes in haemoglobin level and packed cell volume (PCV) were determined prior, during and post infection. Results: The results obtained revealed that the percentage values for haemoglobin level and PCV of infected rats in this study were remarkably reduced compared with the uninfected rats. A marked association between the prevalence of Trypanosoma congolense, haemoglobin level and PCV was observed in this study. The extract immobilized the trypanosome in the treated groups as compared to the infected but untreated group. The BLEE was able to cause a remarkable reduction of parasitaemia level, improved haemoglobin level and PCV as compared to the infected-untreated rats. Conclusion: Our findings thus has given an indication of in vitro and in vivo antitrypanosomal and anti-anemic activities of Vernonia amygdalina against Trypanosoma congolense.","PeriodicalId":194209,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116740118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Improved Estimation of Population Mean Using Auxiliary Attribute in Stratified\u0000Sampling","authors":"Akintunde A. A., Olayiwola O. M., Adewole A.I., Ojenike O. T., Igbalajobi M. M.","doi":"10.48198/njpas/22.a20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48198/njpas/22.a20","url":null,"abstract":"Stratification improves the efficiency when the variance between strata is much larger than the variances within strata. An exponential estimator for stratified random sampling was proposed. Data sets on the amount of Apple production taken at three different occasions in Turkey in 1999 were used to validate the proposed estimator. The data sets were stratified by regions of Turkey and from each region; we randomly selected the samples by using the Neyman allocation method. Expressions for MSE of the proposed estimators were derived, up to first order of approximation. The suggested estimator families' bias and MSE equations were computed, the MSE for the proposed estimators is unbiased and efficient. The results of the theoretical comparison and numerical analysis shows that the suggested estimator outperformed the existing estimator. Moreover, the derived exponential estimator performed better than existing estimators for estimating population mean in stratified random sampling with an auxiliary attribute.","PeriodicalId":194209,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124920298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adsorption of Heavy Metals from Wastewater Using Chitosan -Oxalic Modified Kola Nut Pod Adsorbent","authors":"A. A. E., Onifade A.P., Adegbite A.A., Awojide S.H., Olawoye B.M.","doi":"10.48198/njpas/23.a05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48198/njpas/23.a05","url":null,"abstract":"The potential of chitosan-oxalic modified kola nut pod modified (COMKNP) to remove selected heavy metals such as lead (Pb), cobalt (Co) and cadmium (Cd) ions from aqueous solution was investigated. The batch adsorption experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of variable parameters such as pH, contact time, temperature, and adsorbent dose on the removal of heavy metals in wastewater. The results showed that these parametric effects have great influence on the removal of heavy metals ions from aqueous solution. The thermodynamics studies showed that the adsorption of these metal ions was spontaneous except for the removal of cadmium. The positive value of enthalpy (ΔH) change obtained showed that the adsorption process was endothermic.","PeriodicalId":194209,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134565615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}