Neuroscience and Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Emerging Concepts of Pathogenesis and Comprehensive Therapeutic Strategies for Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3","authors":"S. Roy, Xiaolei Liu","doi":"10.4236/NM.2021.121003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/NM.2021.121003","url":null,"abstract":"Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), also known as Machado-Joseph Disease (MJD), is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder that predominantly involves the cerebellar, pyramidal, extrapyramidal, motor neuron and oculomotor systems. SCA3 presents strong phenotypic heterogeneity and its causative mutation of SCA3 consists of an expansion of a CAG tract in exon 10 of the ATXN3 gene, situated at 14q32.1. The ATXN3 gene is ubiquitously expressed in neuronal and non-neuronal tissues, and also participates in cellular protein quality control pathways. Mutated ATXN3 alleles present about 45 to 87CAG repeats, which result in an expanded polyglutamine tract in ataxin-3. After mutation, the polyQ tract reaches the pathological threshold (about 50 glutamine residues); the protein is considered that it might gain a neurotoxic function through some unclear mechanisms. We reviewed the literature on the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 patients. Conversion of the expanded protein is possible by enhancing protein refolding and degradation or preventing proteolytic cleavage and prevents the protein to reach the site of toxicity by altering its ability to translocate between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Proteasomal degradation and enhancing autophagic aggregate clearance are currently proposed remarkable therapy. In spite of extensive research, the molecular mechanisms of cellular toxicity resulting from mutant ataxin-3 remain no preventive treatment is currently available. These therapeutic strategies might be able to improve sign symptoms of SCA3 as well as slow the disease progression.","PeriodicalId":19381,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Medicine","volume":"43 1","pages":"22-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84233603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study on the Psychological Status of the Caregivers to Patients Out of ICU after Craniocerebral Tumor Surgery and Their Factors","authors":"Ying Li, D. Zou, Yu Yang, Yunjia Li, Qinqin Zhao, Zhihuan Zhou","doi":"10.4236/NM.2021.121001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/NM.2021.121001","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: So as to provide a theoretical basis for the future development of intervention measures to reduce the negative psychological mood of caregivers. To investigate the psychological status of the main caregivers for patients who were transferred out of ICU after craniocerebral tumor surgery and analyze their factors. Methods: 112 patients with cerebral tumor surgery were reviewed from sun yat-sen university cancer hospital. The research object is caregivers. The general data questionnaire, hospital anxiety depression scale and migration of ICU patients’ family members stress questionnaire scale investigation are collected. Multiple linear regression analysis in cerebral tumor patients with postoperative ICU transition out main factors influencing the psychological condition of the caregivers. Results: The anxiety and depression scores were (15.60 ± 5.83) and (38.73 ± 3.23) respectively. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that the gender, education level, relationship with the patient and family monthly income of the primary caregivers of the patients were the influencing factors of anxiety, depression and migration stress psychological state (P","PeriodicalId":19381,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Medicine","volume":"19 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85822183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Impact in the Quality of Life of Patients with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy That Use Cannabidiol","authors":"Gabriela Pesántez Ríos, I. Pascual, X. Ríos, Luciana Armijos, Estefanía Chediak, Hugo Navarrete Zambrano, R. Jimbo, Galo Pesantez Cuesta","doi":"10.4236/nm.2021.124009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/nm.2021.124009","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Epilepsy is considered a chronic neurological condition that manifests itself with seizures, where 30% - 40% of patients do not achieve control of their seizures despite proper management. Seizures represent a significant limitation in the patient’s daily activities and are often accompa-nied by emotional and relational difficulties that have a great impact on the quality of life of the patient and their families. Cannabidiol (CBD) has been found to be effective in controlling seizures and may also improve cognitive and behavioral abilities. Material and Methods: The Quality of Life of the Patient with Epilepsy (CAVE) scale was applied to patients with refractory epilepsies who use Cannabidiol (CBD) added to their base therapy, before the use of CBD and after 12 months of follow-up. The presentation of collateral effects was also evaluated. Results: Out of 34 patients, 26 (76.5%) increased their CAVE value at the end of the study and only 1 (2.9%) decreased. 19 (55.9%) improved in learning and behavior, 55.8% in the frequency of seizures and 79.4% reported a decrease in the intensity of seizures. There were other positive side effects such as improvement in alertness, language, sleep and behavior. The main side effects were mild and transitory, including drowsiness, and constipation. There was a correlation between the global perception of improvement and seizure control. Conclusions: This study shows that in the long term CBD improves the quality of life of patients with refractory epilep sies, through the control of seizures and the improvement of cognitive and behavioral functions.","PeriodicalId":19381,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Medicine","volume":"570 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86800524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stroke and HIV: Correlation between Viral Load and Type of Stroke","authors":"Prince Eliot Galieni Sounga Bandzouzi, G. Mpandzou, J. Diatewa, Patience Moudeko M’Foutou, Dina Happia Motoula-Latou, Charles Godefroy Koubemba, P. Ossou-Nguiet, D. Moukassa","doi":"10.4236/nm.2021.124012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/nm.2021.124012","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The role of immunosuppression of TCD4 lymphocytes in the onset of stroke in people living with HIV has been reported in numerous studies examining the co-morbidity of stroke and HIV. Objective: To determine the correlation between the viral load and the type of stroke. Methodology: This was a 7-month cross-sectional descriptive study carried out in the Neurology Department of Loandjili General Hospital in Pointe-Noire. The study population consisted of patients living with HIV who had a stroke confirmed by brain scan. The sero-immunological investigation consisted of looking for T lymphocyte typing from two kits: a CD4 T lymphocyte typing reagent kit (BD FACS Presto TM) and a GeneXpert kit for viral load (XpertHIV-1 Viral Load). The database was made from the 2010 version of Microsoft Excel. Results: We included 16 patients living with HIV, 56% of whom were women with a sex ration of 0.78. The mean age was 56.92 ± 11.21. The mean number of TCD4 lymphocytes was 413.44 ± 677.95/mm; minimum: 93/mm; maximum: 2854/mm. The mean viral load was 17,996.31 ± 20,982.22/mm; minimum: 1002/mm; maximum: 67,229/mm. No significant difference between the viral load and the occurrence of the stroke (p = 0.13). Conclusion: Our study did not show a causal link between viral load, immunosuppression of TCD4 lymphocytes and the onset of stroke.","PeriodicalId":19381,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Medicine","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83809302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors for Prevention Stroke (IS or TIA) Due to Cerebral Infarction in Young Adults: A Meta-Analytical Study","authors":"Renardo Lico, Yan-Yan Ling, S. Jaiswal","doi":"10.4236/NM.2021.122006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/NM.2021.122006","url":null,"abstract":"Ischemic strokes (IS), also referred to as cerebral ischemia or brain ischemia, is a significant cause to the brain cells damage or death. Approximately, 10% 14% of ischemic strokes cases occurred in young adults. Hence, we conducted a meta-analysis to find the effective interventions to prevent the best strokes caused by cerebral infarction in young adults. The search was done in different databases, including Google scholar, PubMed, Embase, Medline, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database, Scopus, and Web of Science from January 2016 to April 2020, and only English published articles were considered. Our analysis included studies that stratified the risk of ischemic stroke by CHA2DS2-VASc score for patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Further, random effects model was used to estimate the summary annual rate of IS. Pooled relative risks and odds ratios, with their 95% confidence intervals, were calculated, respectively. The analysis was conducted using STATA (version 12), pooled effect sizes were calculated using the random-effects model and heterogeneity was tested for using the I2 statistic. The analysis included 13 studies. The analysis shows that diabetes, high blood pressure, ischemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, hypercholesterolemia, alcohol consumption and smoking are significant risk factors. In Caucasian and Chinese ischemic stroke patients, the risk factor associations associated with ischemic stroke subtypes are similar. Compared to all other ischemia subtypes, diabetes is more familiar with aortic stroke, atrial fibrillation, ischemic heart disease (with obstruction), hypertension and diabetes. Our research shows that atrial fibrillation, ischemic heart disease, and hypercholesterolemia are low in patients with ischemic stroke and the risk factors are higher. Further analysis of each patient’s data is required to enable confounders’ adjustments to confirm and expand these findings. How to cite this paper: Lico, R., Ling, Y.F. and Jaiswal, S.K. (2021) Risk Factors for Prevention Stroke (IS or TIA) Due to Cerebral Infarction in Young Adults: A Meta-Analytical Study. Neuroscience & Medicine, 12, 62-78. https://doi.org/10.4236/nm.2021.122006 Received: April 26, 2021 Accepted: June 12, 2021 Published: June 15, 2021 Copyright © 2021 by author(s) and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","PeriodicalId":19381,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Medicine","volume":"110 1","pages":"62-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80574290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathophysiology of Biophoton: Vibratory Impact Syndrome Leading to Physical Effects and Metabolic Changes—Part 1","authors":"L. G. Camelo","doi":"10.4236/nm.2021.124011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/nm.2021.124011","url":null,"abstract":"The emission of the ultra-weak photon or “biophotons” is a phenomenon resulting from the spontaneous emission of electromagnetic frequencies in the range of 240 - 650 nm [nanometers] absorbed by all living beings, including man. It is measurable in the UV region with a highly sensitive electromagnetic device. This is a case study of a 60-year-old patient with pathological biophoton emission. I assume it is the first study reported in the literature. And the most surprising, occurred in the author himself. Therefore, I am the author and the patient reported in this study. Seven years ago, I was surprised by a large emission of “biophotons” starting in some places on the body and spreading throughout the body over a period of three months, which continues to this day. I follow up from the beginning, with periodic clinical and laboratory examinations without the need for hospitalization and consequent opening of medical records. Currently, biophoton emission is already well-controlled, perhaps with an emission around 5%, although with different characteristics from the initial clinical picture, so I am already writing part-2 of this study. It appeared spontaneously and without the interference of any external factor. It follows an intelligent and intentional pattern. On the one hand, this study showed negative effects such as an increase in glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol; left leg sciatic nerve involvement and right saphenous vein injury. On the other hand, it also showed unusual effects, such as a significant increase in serum testosterone levels, delayed aging and increased libido. I would say an excessive increase in libido. In this article, we will address the Pathophysiology perspectives for the future. Finally, we will address “intriguing phenomena” of a strange syndrome using the direct observation method. For convenience, we’re going to use the term “energy” a lot, which seems pretty familiar to me.","PeriodicalId":19381,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79820468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors Associated with Various Subtypes of Ischemic Stroke: A Prospective Study in BSMMU, Dhaka, Bangladesh","authors":"M. Shahidullah, N. Sultana, S. Dey, A. Ahmed, Shukur Ali, Mohammad Raknuzzaman","doi":"10.4236/nm.2021.124010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/nm.2021.124010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19381,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Medicine","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87860383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological Aspects of Stroke in Young People at the Friendship University Hospital Center in Bangui in the Central African Republic","authors":"E. Yangatimbi, Junior Koma Zobanga, Symphorien Shansy Grégbia, Josué Kinima, P. M’belesso","doi":"10.4236/nm.2020.114011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/nm.2020.114011","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Stroke is a major public health problem even more dramatic in young people. Goal of the study: To make our contribution to the knowledge of strokes of the young subject. Methodology: It was a retrospective study conducted over a period of 02 years (January 2017 to December 2018) including the files of patients aged 18 to 49 years hospitalized for any suspected case of stroke in the Department of Neurology of C between Hospitalier A Sino-Central African Friendship University (CHUSCA) from Bangui. Results: During the study, 225 cases of stroke were recorded, including 26 cases in young subjects, representing a hospital frequency of 11.5%. The average age was 42.5 years with extremes ranging from 24 to 49 years. The most represented age group was 45 and 49 with a sex ratio (M/F) of 1.36. The average age for men was 41.93 years compared to 39.27 years for women. Civil servants were in the majority in 50% of the cases. Alcohol was the main FDR (80.8%) followed by hypertension (61.5%) and tobacco (50%). The majority of patients (57.70%) were admitted to neurology after the first 24 hours. Ischemic stroke represented 73.08% compared to 26.92% of AVCH. The lethality was 20.08%. The sequelae were found in 69.20% of cases. Cardiac exploration had found 57.10% of LVH. Conclusion: This study confirms a high frequency of stroke in the young subject. The predominance of modifiable FRCVs requires the implementation of a specific strategy based on awareness, early detection and effective and adequate PEC.","PeriodicalId":19381,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Medicine","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90870265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurodegeneration and Mitochondria Organelle Transplantation: “A Technology That Proof of Principle Suggest Is Ready for Prime Time”","authors":"R. Elliott, X. Jiang","doi":"10.4236/nm.2020.114013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/nm.2020.114013","url":null,"abstract":"It is known that mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Researchers have tested the therapeutic efficacy of many mitochondrial targeted agents; however, results have been disappointing without significant impact on disease survival. Several groups have demonstrated that mitochondrial transfer of isolated normal healthy mitochondria to defective calls can restore functional recovery. Our experience with mitochondria organelle transplantation (MOT) in cancer cells led to investigating the technology for neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), especially ALS. The rationale was that if the uptake of normal mitochondria into cancer cells inhibited proliferation and glycolysis; then MOT might be a cell-based therapy for NDs. In this communication, we will present background research on MOT in vitro and in vivo cell culture and animal models respectively. This research evidence showed proof of principle of the technology. This fact led us to try the procedure on a desperate human ALS patient.","PeriodicalId":19381,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78940854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Report: Post Lumbar Discectomy Acute Iliac Arteriovenous Fistula; Endovascular Management and Literature Review","authors":"M. Khoudir, Ghassan M. Aweja, Abdulkarim M. Katebi, Ahmed A. Farag, M. Attia, Mohmed S. Sobih","doi":"10.4236/nm.2020.114016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/nm.2020.114016","url":null,"abstract":"Posterior approach lumbar disc surgeries (LDS) can be associated with serious iatrogenic vascular complications which could be a serious life threatening condition. We report a rare case of right sided acute iliac vessels iatrogenic arteriovenous fistula (IAVF) which was diagnosed and managed in 24 hours duration in a 45 years old healthy female who underwent surgical posterior approach L4-5 discectomy. Intraoperative, she developed sudden hypotension, tachycardia, wide pulse pressure and acute drop of hemoglobin level without obvious operative site bleeding which raise the index of suspicion of vascular injury and urge the team for doing emergency CT angiography (CTA), vascular and endovascular team consultation for digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and endovascular management. Endovascular stenting is nowadays the modality of choice of intervention. We provide case report with literature review.","PeriodicalId":19381,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Medicine","volume":"120 1","pages":"142-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77190697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}