Neuroscience and Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Application and Care of Two Kinds of Sphenoid Sinus Packing Materials after Pituitary Tumor Resection with the Transnasal Endoscopic Approach","authors":"Shuo Yang, Q. Feng, Huidan Zhu, Zhihuan Zhou, Ji Zhang","doi":"10.4236/nm.2020.114015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/nm.2020.114015","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Neuroendoscopic transsphenoidal approach for resection of pituitary adenomas has the advantages of less damage, fewer complications, and a faster recovery than the traditional approach and has beening favored by neurosurgeons. However, there has no standard method of selecting suitable packing materials after the operation to relieve pain in patients and achieve the ideal hemostatic effect. We compared the postoperative complications and treatment effects of two different packing materials in patients with pituitary adenomas. Objective: To investigate the advantages and disadvantages of using a catheter balloon and iodoform gauze for hemostasis in patients undergoing pituitary tumor resection by neuroendoscopic transsphenoidal approach. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed these data of 48 cases treated with pituitary adenoma resection by the single nasal approach from January 2018 to October 2019 in Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center. According to the type of sphenoid sinus packing material used, these patients were divided into balloon tamponade oppression group (24 cases) and tela iodoformum oppression group (24 cases), respectively. The balloon tamponade oppression group received catheter balloon tamponade oppression hemostasis, and the tela iodoformum oppression group underwent tela iodoformum oppression hemostasis. The outcomes and complications were compared between the two groups in which two kinds of sphenoid sinus packing materials were used for hemostasis after tumor resection by transnasal endoscopic approach. For the catheter balloon compression hemostasis method, on account of the plasticity of the balloon, the volume of water in the balloon can be adjusted according to the size of the patient’s own sphenoid cavity. The amount of bleeding and several complications in terms of discomfort during placement and removal of the packing material, rebleeding after removal of the packing, cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and electrolyte disturbance are compared between the two groups. Results: 48 patients were enrolled. The two groups’ data of patients were similar in age structure, sex ratio, tumor size at baseline and so on. No complications, such as abscess formation, were found in both groups. The success rate in the compression with catheter balloon group was 100% (24 of 24 patients); and in the iodoform gauze group 83.33% (20 of 24 patients). A catheter balloon was more successful in stopping bleeding at early stage than iodoform gauze. There were no statistically significant differences in the hospitalization stay time, operating day to discharge day and tampon indwelling time (P > 0.05). There were also no significant differences in pairwise comparison between the catheter balloon group and iodoform gauze groups in the incidence of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea or electrolyte disturbance between the two groups (P > 0.05). The incidence of headache in the catheter balloon group was statistically significantl","PeriodicalId":19381,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Medicine","volume":"14 1","pages":"130-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74558250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comorbidity of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Children with Epilepsy, Egyptian Study","authors":"N. S. Ahmed, M. Nada, Randa M. Amin, Omar Ali, M. H. Ibrahim","doi":"10.4236/nm.2020.114014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/nm.2020.114014","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological conditions with about 65 million people affected worldwide. It is also a common condition in children, where its prevalence is approximately 3.2 - 5.5/1000 in the developed world. Children with epilepsy (CWE) experience not only seizures but also multiple cognitive, behavioral, and emotional problems. ADHD is one of the more common comorbidities of childhood epilepsy. Objectives: To discuss the relationship between childhood epilepsy and comorbidities especially ADHD. Study Design: This is a prospective observational analytical cross-sectional study carried out on one hundred and fifteen patients at Ain Shams University and Nasr-city Health Insurance out-patient clinics, Cairo, Egypt fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Patients were selected by simple random sample. Results: ADHD is very common epilepsy comorbidity in Egyptian epileptic children with under-diagnosis and treatment. Conclusion: Frequent assessment for ADHD in epileptic children is mandatory for better quality of life.","PeriodicalId":19381,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Medicine","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88811525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Etiologies of Ischemic Stroke in Sub-Saharan Africa, Case of Benin","authors":"M. Agbétou, A. Sowanou, Gérard Goudjinou, C. Adjien, D. Houinato, D. Gnonlonfoun","doi":"10.4236/nm.2020.114012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/nm.2020.114012","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of our study was to investigate etiologies of ischemic stroke in the neurology university clinic of CNHU-HKM, Cotonou. Method: It was a cross-sectional, prospective and analytical study carried out from 1st November 2014 to 31st August 2015 in the neurology university clinic of CNHU-HKM. We included all patients with stroke whose ischemic nature was confirmed through brain CT scan or magnetic resonance imaging. Data analysis was conducted with Census and Survey Processing System (CSPRO). We carried out bivariate then multivariate analysis in identifying associated factors. Threshold value is estimated at p","PeriodicalId":19381,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Medicine","volume":"128 1","pages":"100-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88100136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Glance into Regional Parkinson’s Disease Characteristics: What Differs from Northwest to Southeast of Turkey?","authors":"Saadet Sayan, Y. Değirmenci, D. Kotan","doi":"10.4236/nm.2020.113008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/nm.2020.113008","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second common neurodegenerative disease following Alzheimer’s disease. Multifactorial risk factors including environmental, nutritional and genetic factors may affect the frequency, risks, and genetic features of PD in different geographic and ethnic regions. Background: Our aim was to investigate the sociodemographic and disease characteristics, cognitive performances of patients with PD in Nusaybin, a southeastern city, and Hendek a northwestern city which have different geographical-cultural status, and to investigate the possible effects of regional differences on disease characteristics. Method: This retrospective study includes the data of patients with the diagnosis of PD who presented to outpatient Neurology clinics of Hendek State Hospital which is a city in the northwestern region of Turkey between April 2017 and June 2018 and patients who presented to the outpatient Neurology clinics of Nusaybin State Hospital, which is a city in the southeastern region of Turkey between October 2015 and January 2017. SPSS.23c (Statistical package for Windows) database was used for statistical analysis. Results: Our study included 114 cases with Parkinson’s disease in Hendek and 96 cases in Nusaybin.The majority of patients had idiopathic PD (IPD) in both provinces (96.9% in Hendek, and 92.1% in Nusaybin). Educational status of female patients was significantly lower in Nusaybin when compared with Hendek (9.3% and 63.3%, respectively). Family history for IPD was significantly higher in Hendek than Nusaybin (31.7% and 9.9%, respectively). There was a positive correlation between educational status and cognitive performances of the patients in both groups. Negative correlation was found between standardized mini mental test (s-mmt) scores and stage, severity of IPD in both groups. Conclusion: The socio-cultural status of our country decreases by going from west to east. Thus knowledge about PD, accessibility to the hospitals and health centers with the opportunity to get optimum treatments may show variabilities in between the regions. We believe that our study provides a comparison of patients with PD in two different regions of our country with different geographic, genetic characteristics, and development levels.","PeriodicalId":19381,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Medicine","volume":"53 1","pages":"63-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74050771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemioclinical and Progressive Aspects of the Adult Hemorrhagic Stroke in Bangui","authors":"E. Yangatimbi, Junior Koma Zobanga, Symphorien Shansy Grégbia, Josué Kinima, P. M’belesso","doi":"10.4236/nm.2020.113009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/nm.2020.113009","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Hemorrhagic strokes in the elderly constitute a diagnostic and \u0000therapeutic emergency and, by their frequency and severity, determine a public \u0000health problem. Goal of the Study: To elucidate knowledge and make our \u0000contribution to the study of this pathology (describe the epidemioclinical and \u0000evolutionary aspects of hemorrhagic cerebrovascular accidents in adults in \u0000Bangui). Methodology: It was a retrospective study with descriptive and \u0000analytical aims covering a period of two years (2) from January 2017 to December \u00002018, conducted in the Neurology department of the Sino-Central \u0000African Friendship University Hospital. Results: During the study, 255 patients \u0000were hospitalized for stroke, including 20 cases of AVCH, representing \u0000a hospital frequency of 7.8%. The average age was 60.05 years with extremes \u0000ranging from 50 to 78 years. The most represented age group was that of 50 \u0000to 60 years with a sex-ratio (M/F) of 1.2. Civil servants were more represented \u0000(35%) followed by housewives (25%). Alcohol was the main risk factor (95%) \u0000followed by hypertension (80%) and tobacco (40%). Most of the patients \u0000(75%) were admitted to the care facilities before 6 am (75%). Lethality was \u000035%. There was a significant statistical link between the Glasgow score and \u0000death (p = 0.007). In this series, 75% of the cases had sequelae dominated by \u0000hemiparesis (75%) and aphasia (25%). Conclusion: First study in the Central \u0000African Republic, with a high frequency, shows that the AVCH of the elderly \u0000poses a public health problem. Requires great mass awareness in order to reduce \u0000its mortality rate.","PeriodicalId":19381,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Medicine","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74979360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio in Acute Ischemic Stroke","authors":"Menat-Allah Mohamed Lashin, S. Khalil, T. Alloush, S. Anis, M. Fouad","doi":"10.4236/nm.2020.112007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/nm.2020.112007","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) can be used as a marker of subclinical inflammation, and may have a predictive power in prognosis and severity of atherosclerosis-related diseases. This study aimed to assess an association between the NLR, and clinical characteristics and one-month outcome in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Subjects and Methods: This case-control observational prospective study included 75 patients admitted to stroke unit of Ain Shams University hospitals with AIS, sub grouped into 3 equal groups according to subtype of AIS, in addition to 25 healthy individuals. The demographic characteristics of the patients, complete blood picture test results at presentation, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores were recorded. The clinical outcome was assessed by the NIHSS and mRS scores after one month. Results: The total leucocyte count was significantly higher in large artery atherosclerosis (P = 0.004) and cardioembolic (P = 0.020) stroke groups, unlike lacunar stroke group (P = 0.082), when compared to controls. The neutrophils count was higher (P < 0.001) and the lymphocyte count was lower (P < 0.001) among all the stroke groups compared to the control group. The NLR was higher among all the stroke groups compared to the control group (P < 0.001). The NLR at cutoff value more than 1.34 had predicted stroke with a sensitivity of 89.33% and specificity of 72% and accuracy reached 88.6%. There was non-significant association between NLR and each of NIHSS and mRS after one month from onset of AIS. Conclusion: NLR was significantly higher among AIS subtypes compared to controls, but not a good predictor for one month outcome.","PeriodicalId":19381,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Medicine","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74093902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydroelectrolytic Disorders in Cerebroleted Patients in the Intensive Care Unit of Gabriel Touré Teaching Hospital","authors":"D. Madane, M. Issa, A. Hamidou, Mariko Mahamane, Beye Seydina Alioune, Dembele Alaji Seidou, Coulibaly Mahamadoun, Ouattara Kassoum, Kaloga Mahamane Asseye, S. Koita, Ebongue Sandrine, D. Mahamane","doi":"10.4236/nm.2020.112006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/nm.2020.112006","url":null,"abstract":"A cerebrole is a patient with a neurological deficit of central origin; these patients very often present disorders of the ion concentration, hence the need for hospitalization in intensive care. The aim of our study was to study hydro-electrolyte disorders in brain-damaged patients, to describe the clinical aspects, to identify the contributing factors and to determine the prognosis of these patients in the intensive care unit of gabriel toure teaching hospital. Material and Methods: It was a prospective cross-sectional study, descriptive of a period of 11 months going from June 2015 to April 2016 in the intensive care unit of CHU Gabriel TOURE we included all the cerebral patients admitted in intensive care in which hydro-ionic disorders have detected on arrival or during hospitalization. Data were collected through transfer sheets, a survey sheet and medical records. Data entry and analysis were done respectively on SPSS software (version 19) and Microsoft Word Starter 2010 software. Results: During our study, out of 450 hospitalization patients, we identified 110 brain-damaged patients and 75 patients were retained in our study, i.e. a prevalence of 16.6%. Male was predominant with 72% with a sex ratio of 2.5 the age group 20 - 50 years was majority with 45.3%, the average age was 38.49 years. The majority of patients (58.7%) were admitted from the emergency department. The most common reason for admission was impairment of consciousness in 94.7% (Table 1) of cases and the Glasgow admission score was less than or equal to 8 in 58.7% (Table 1) of patients. Hydro-electrolyte disturbances were present in 93.3% of patients on admission. Hyponatremia was the most common disorder with 56% (42 cases). Followed by hyperkalaemia 10.7% (8 cases), hypernatremia 9.3% (7 cases), at hypocalcemia 9.3% (7 cases), associated disorders 8% (6 cases). Brain CT was performed in 52% of the patients. In our study, malaria was the most common etiology of ionic disorders with 36%. Of the patients who died, 80% had developed hyponatremia after 5 days in hospital, and the overall lethality was 73.3%. Conclusion: Hydro-electrolyte disorders are frequent in the intensive care setting and their management must be rapid in order to reduce morbidity and mortality.","PeriodicalId":19381,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84725732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke in a Patient with a Past History of Intracranial Hemorrhage","authors":"Ghadeer Al-Shabeeb, Fatimah Al Zawad, Osama Basheir","doi":"10.4236/nm.2020.111004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/nm.2020.111004","url":null,"abstract":"Intravenous thrombolysis remains the gold standard in the management of acute ischemic stroke if the patient presents within the window period. Endovascular thrombectomy is another line of therapy in selected cases. Nonetheless, one of the most devastating complications of IV thrombolysis is intracranial hemorrhage (ICH); in such cases, the previous history of ICH is considered a potential contraindication to thrombolysis. Evidence regarding the safety of thrombolysis administration in patients with a previous history of ICH is scarce. We encountered a patient with acute ischemic stroke with a past history of hypertensive ICH. A 59-year-old female, presented with complete right-sided body weakness, global aphasia and gaze preference. A computed tomography (CT) brain perfusion scan revealed a mismatch suggestive of left middle cerebral artery (MCA) ischemic stroke. The patient received intravenous thrombolysis and showed significant clinical improvement with no subsequent complications or ICH. In reporting this case, we aim to provide evidence supporting the safety of thrombolytic therapy in selected cases with a previous history of ICH when no alternative line of management is available.","PeriodicalId":19381,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Medicine","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89882413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emotional Stress: The Dialectics of Nature","authors":"E. Yumatov","doi":"10.4236/nm.2020.111003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/nm.2020.111003","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the biological nature and origins of emotional stress. Emotional stress is primarily formed within the mental activity of the brain in the form of pronounced negative emotions. The “Dynamic Theory of Emo-tions” characterizes the development of a continuous negative emotional state in conflicting behavioral situations when the subject is unable to satisfy its strong dominant need for a long time. The emotional stress is represented as having a dual nature, i.e. a biologically negative pathogenetic effect on health, but a positive impact on the adaptation of individuals, self-preservation of life, and evolutionary change in species.","PeriodicalId":19381,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89142183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intracranial Suppuration at the Brazzaville Academic Hospital","authors":"L. Boukassa, H. Ekouele-Mbaki, Olivier Brice Ngackosso, S. Bambino","doi":"10.4236/nm.2020.111005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/nm.2020.111005","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Intracranial suppurations (ICS) due to banal germs are medical-surgical emergencies, despite their little removed frequency. Represented by abscesses and empyemas, their management has been improved by the combined contributions of new diagnostic and therapeutic methods. Objective: Appreciate the management of intracranial suppurations banal germ in our service. Material and methods: A retrospective study of 41 cases of intra-cranial suppurations was conducted at Brazzaville University Hospital, from January 2007 to June 2019. Diagnostic, therapeutic and evolution aspects have been studied. Results: They are divided into 24 empyemas, 8 abscesses and 9 associations abscess-empyema. The average age was 20.2 years old in general. The male predominance is noted in all groups. The sex ratio is 3.1 for all of these intracranial suppurations (ICS). They frequently complicated Oto-Rhino-Laryngology (ORL) infections (41.4%). The clinic was mostly represented by the Bergman’s triad 51.2%, followed by headache 14.6% and seizures 12.2%. The lesions were predominant in supratentorial 97.5%. Frontal location was found in 67.4%. Germs were isolated in 29.4% of samples. There were 5 Streptococci, 3 Staphylococci and 2 Gram-negative Bacilli. The medico-surgical treatment indicated in 80.5% combined often probabilistic tri-antibiotherapy with the evacuation of the pus by the trepano-puncture. Evolution under this treatment was marked by healing in 90.2%. The lethality was 9.7%. Conclusion: The pursuit of the improvement of these infections requires the adequate treatment of their gateways, most of them loco-regional.","PeriodicalId":19381,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Medicine","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79253491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}