Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Barriers to Herbal Medicine Research in Nigeria; Researcher’s Perspective: A Review","authors":"K. Osemene, A. Elujoba, M. Ilori","doi":"10.4314/NJNPM.V16I1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJNPM.V16I1.6","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the barriers to herbal medicine research in Nigeria. This is with a view to formulating appropriate strategies that would be deployed to overcome the identified barriers to herbal medicine research. The paper therefore identified and discussed some of these inherent barriers such as the standardization of herbal medicines according to western pharmaceutical clinical standards which is anchored on a single-active-ingredient approach; attitudes and perceptions of agonists of orthodox medicine; influence of traditional medicine practices on herbal medicinal products; problem of patenting inventions by researchers; lack of linkages between universities, research centres and the industries; decay of research and development (RD and government under-funding of R&D activities. The paper concluded that research in herbal medicine in Nigeria needs to be improved upon. In order to do this, herbal medicine researchers should make deliberate effort to choose, acquire, adopt, use, adapt, manage and master foreign technologies to suit local use (indigenous technology) which would enable the mass production of herbal medicines that will meet internationally acceptable standards. Government should increase R&D funding, encourage patency, and encourage the facilitation of effective linkages and partnerships between the universities, research centres and the industries. Finally, government should ensure industrial peace, and a sound educational system imbued with congenial intellectual capacity and salubrious environment. Key words : Herbal medicine, research, barriers, Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":19356,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine","volume":"40 1","pages":"36-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80158004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Potential Contribution of Pharmacognosy to National Development","authors":"T. Olugbade","doi":"10.4314/NJNPM.V17I1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJNPM.V17I1.10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19356,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine","volume":"78 1","pages":"92-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91204682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and Characterization of Antioxidative Constituents of Ceiba Pentandra (Kapok) Leaves Extract","authors":"M. Aderogba, Gd Kapche, W. Mabusela","doi":"10.4314/NJNPM.V17I1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJNPM.V17I1.9","url":null,"abstract":"Ceiba pentandra widely employed in the management of inflammatory conditions, infections and oxidative stress related diseases was investigated for its active constituents. A DPPH-directed fractionation of the ethyl acetate solvent fraction of a 20% aqueous methanol leaves extract of Ceiba pentandra afforded a clovamide derivative, N-trans-caffeoyl-DOPA-methyl ester (1) together with a flavonoid, acacetin-7-O-rutinoside, Linarin (2) and 3,4- dihydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid (3). Structure elucidation of the isolated compounds was carried out using spectroscopic techniques: mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF-MS), 1D NMR ( 1 H, 13 C and DEPT) as well as 2D experiments (GCOSY, GHSQC and GHMBC). In the qualitative antioxidant assay, compounds 1- 3 bleached the DPPH purple colour indicating free radical scavenging potential (antioxidant activity). Isolation of these antioxidant compounds could provide rationale for the use of this plant in traditional medicine in the management of the oxidative stress related diseases and  infections. Keywords : Ceiba Pentandra , Bombacaceae, Clovamide, Antioxidant","PeriodicalId":19356,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine","volume":"46 1","pages":"86-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77699503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aphrodisiac and Male Sexual Characteristics in Albino Rats Treated with the Aqueous Extract of Parquetina Nigrescens Root","authors":"O. Oyelowo, O. Fabiyi, O. Jimoh, B. Owoyele","doi":"10.4314/NJNPM.V16I1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJNPM.V16I1.3","url":null,"abstract":"The use of plants and herbs to boost libido, induce erection, and as an aphrodisiac agent has been in existence for long. The root of Parquetina nigrescens is one of such acclaimed aphrodisiac but there is no scientific documentation to back this up, thus the need for this study. Eighty male rats were completely randomized into 4 groups (I-IV) of 20 each. Rats in group I (control) were administered orally with 1mL of distilled water (the vehicle) while those in groups II, III, and IV were given same volume containing 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg body weight of the extract, respectively. Sexual behavioural parameters i.e. Mount frequency (MF); Intromission frequency (IF); Mount Latency; Intromission Latency; Ejaculatory latency were monitored in the male rats for day 1 (after a single dose), day 3 (after three doses, once daily), and day 5 (after five doses, once daily) by pairing with a receptive female (1: 1). The male serum testosterone concentration was also determined. Observation on the animals revealed proceptive behaviour by the receptive female rats and precopulatory behaviour by the extract-treated male rats. There was a significant (P <0 .05) increase in the frequencies of mount and intromission. In addition, the ejaculation latency was significantly prolonged (P <0 .05).The latencies of mount and intromission were reduced significantly whereas ejaculation frequency increased. The extract also significantly (P <0 .05) increased the serum testosterone content of the animals on days 1, 3 and5. Treatment continued in 5 rats each from the groups for 3 weeks for sperm analysis. Data from this study revealed that the aqueous extract of Parquetina nigrescens root enhanced sexual behaviour in male rats. The improved sexual appetitive behavior in male rats may be attributed, at least in part, to the phytochemicals present in the plant which have engorgement, androgen enhancing, and antioxidant properties. The reduction in sperm analysis would have been due to a longer duration of extract treatment. Keywords: Male sexual dysfunction (MSD), Parquetina nigrescens , aphrodisiac, male sexual behaviour, testosterone","PeriodicalId":19356,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine","volume":"4 4","pages":"18-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91452301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytotoxicity evaluation of sixteen Nigerian medicinal plant extracts using the human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line","authors":"O. Ogbole, J. Adeniji, E. Ajaiyeoba","doi":"10.4314/NJNPM.V18I1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJNPM.V18I1.1","url":null,"abstract":"As part of our evaluation of plants from the Nigerian ethnobotany,sixteen extracts from fourteen medicinal plants were evaluated for toxicity and inhibition of tumour cell growth using human  rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cell line. The plant samples were extracted by maceration in methanol at room temperature and were investigated for cytotoxicactivity. The ability of each extracts to induced cell death in tissue culture was evaluated by colorimetric method using MTT dye (3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol–2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and cyclophosphamide was used as control. Cell death at 50% (CC 50 ) was evaluated for all the extracts. Fourteen of the assessed extracts were cytotoxic (CC 50 20µg/mL). Methanol extracts of Quassia africana and Quassia amara stembark possessed the most significant cytotoxic activity (CC 50 = 0.09 and 0.08 µg/mL, respectively)against RD cancer cell andactivity significantly correlated with that of the control drug  cyclophosphamide which had a CC 50 of 1.80 µg/mL. Conclusively, the results of the present study indicatethat selected plants demonstrated awide range of cytotoxic activities. This will be of tremendous assistance in assesssing the safety of the medicinal plants and also give direction for future anticancer drug development.","PeriodicalId":19356,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73443388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation of three compounds from the leaves of Spondias mombin","authors":"A. Ayoka, A. Adeloye, A. Aladesanmi, O. Ukponmwan","doi":"10.4314/NJNPM.V18I1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJNPM.V18I1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Spondias mombin L. (Anacardiaceae) had been implicated for a lot of biological activities with no attempt to isolate the active principle(s). This study isolated three compounds from the leaves of ethanol extract of S. mombin using chromatographic techniques, and they were characterized using information obtained from physical and spectral data as well as reports from the literature, thus, compound 1, coumaroyl; compound 2, quercetin and compound 3, gallic acid. These three compounds have been reported to possess many biological properties, hence, provides a rationale for the potency of Spondias mombin extracts against various disease states.","PeriodicalId":19356,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"28-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89595471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of biochemical and microbiological content of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) and its potential option as animal feed additive","authors":"E. Ndelekwute, H. Uzegbu, E. Assam, C. Nwokoro","doi":"10.4314/NJNPM.V18I1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJNPM.V18I1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Biochemical (proximate, minerals, antinutritional factors and essential oils) and microbiological (bacteria, fungi) analyses of black pepper were carried to determine its potentials in animal nutrition. Its antimicrobial effect in poultry feed was also investigated. Black pepper samples (n = 5) from different geographical locations in Nigeria were used. Mean values showed that it contained crude protein (10.70%), ether extract (16.67%), essential oil (2.87%) and gross energy of 20.55 MJ. Higher level of iron (127.90 ppm) was observed followed by phosphorus (122.0), Potassium (121.50) and manganese (116.98). Heavy metal occurred in trace amounts such as silver (0.11 ppm), mercury (0.96), lead (0.75), aluminium (0.11) and Chromium (7.55). Antinutritional factors examined and found in the black pepper were hydrogen cyanide (17.89 mg/100g), oxalate (225.20), tannins (21.50), phytic acid (1.17) and trypsin inhibitor (1.35). The black pepper was acidic (pH 5.95), contaminated by bacteria, fungi and showed some levels of antibacterial effect and no antifungal activity in poultry feed. Going by its properties, with good agronomic practices, processing, packaging and effective storage to reduce microbial contamination, black pepper could be a novel food additive in animal nutrition.","PeriodicalId":19356,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine","volume":"72 1","pages":"7-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84023892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chromosomal aberrations induced by Markhamia tomentosa (Benth.) K. Schum. Ex Engl. ethanolic leaf extract on Allium cepa root cells","authors":"M. Ibrahim, A. Sowemimo, O. Odukoya","doi":"10.4314/NJNPM.V18I1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJNPM.V18I1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Markhamia tomentosa (Benth.) K. Schum. Ex Engl. (Bignoniaceae) is used traditionally in the treatment of pain, oedema, pulmonary troubles and cancer. The genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of M. tomentosa was investigated using the Allium cepa root chromosomal aberration assay. The mitotic index, chromosomal aberrations and mean root length effects of the plant extract on onion bulbs were determined using 50, 100, 200, 400 and 1000 μg/ml concentrations of the plant extract. Tap water was used as the negative control. The result showed a significant (p<0.05) decrease in mitotic index of the onion root tip cells with increased concentration. The plant extract induced stickiness, c-mitosis, bridges and fragments, vagrant, bi-nucleus, multipolar anaphase and laggard chromosomal aberrations in the tested concentrations with no observable chromosome aberrations in the control group. A significant difference (p<0.05) in the mean root length of onions treated with 400 and 1000 μg/ml concentrations and the control group was recorded. Thus, Markhamia tomentosa ethanol extract exerted mito-depressive, genotoxic and cytotoxic effects on Allium cepa root cells.","PeriodicalId":19356,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"12-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74701776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formulation and evaluation of tablet dosage form of Hunteria umbellate (apocynaceae) seed extract","authors":"M. Arhewoh, O. Cash-Torunarigha, C. Ugbo","doi":"10.4314/NJNPM.V18I1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJNPM.V18I1.5","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was aimed at formulating and evaluating tablet dosage form of Hunteria umbellata (HU) seed aqueous and purified extracts. HU seeds were dried, pulverized and the powder macerated in water to obtain aqueous extract, while alkaloidal extraction process was used to obtain purified extract. Extracts obtained were formulated into tablet dosage form. The tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, disintegration and dissolution profile according to official and unofficial requirements. All tablets had friability values less than 1%. Hardness exhibited by tablets prepared with aqueous extract were between 3.5 - 9 kgf, while those prepared with purified extract were in the range of 8.5 - 9.9 kgf. All tablets from aqueous extract disintegrated within 15 min. Tablets produced from the purified extract disintegrated after 15 min, with the exception of tablets produced with 10% binder concentration, which disintegrated at 14.23 min. All the tablets displayed an immediate release, having over 70% of their content released within 30 min. This study show that extracts of powdered seeds of Hunteria umbellata can be formulated into standardized conventional tablets. Keywords : Hunteria umbellata , medicinal plants, tablets, extracts","PeriodicalId":19356,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine","volume":"79 1","pages":"24-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74165144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary Investigation of Gum from Hunteria Umbellata Family Apocynaceae in Tablet Formulations","authors":"M. Uhumwangho, E. Osazuwa, E. Ezenwachinemelu","doi":"10.4314/NJNPM.V15I1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJNPM.V15I1.7","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to investigate the binding properties of the gum obtained from Hunteria umbellata K. Schum (family: Apocynaceae) . The gum was extracted from the pulp of fresh fruit pod of Hunteria umbellata using acetone and water (ratio1:2). Granules were prepared by wet granulation technique using varying concentrations of the gum (i.e. 5, 7.5 10, and 12.5 % w/w) and compared with maize starch mucilage at the same concentrations. The granules were characterized for micromeritic properties and compressed to tablets at a fixed compression pressure at 35 units on the arbitrary load scale. The tableting parameters investigated were tensile strength, packing fraction, friability, disintegration times, and in vitro dissolution studies. All the granules were free flowing with angle of repose < 34 0 . The tensile strength values of all the formulated tablets were between 0.53 – 1.02 MN/m 2 while their friability values were 0.65 %. All tablets disintegrated within 15 min and the tablets dissolution studies showed that 75 % of the drug was released within 45 min in all the formulations prepared. This study has demonstrated that gum obtained from pulp of Hunteria umbellata fresh fruit pod could be exploited as binder in the formulation of tablet dosage forms.","PeriodicalId":19356,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine","volume":"126 51","pages":"66-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91514921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}