Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Anti-hyperglycaemic activity of the stem bark of Nauclea latifolia","authors":"S. Famuyiwa, M. Ayoola","doi":"10.4314/NJNPM.V21I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJNPM.V21I1","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in South-east part of Nigeria. One approach towards control and eradication of this disease is acquiring and conservation of medicinal plant knowledge that helped the past generations survive before emergency of orthodox medicine. To identify and document medicinal plants used as single or in combination in ethno-medical management of malaria in South-east part of Nigeria using randomly selected towns in Nsukka political government areas, Enugu state as case study. The survey was carried out between July and October 2015. The inclusive criteria targeted more of traditional healers that consult and prescribe medicinal plants than herb sellers. Semi-structured questionnaire was employed for the study. A total of 45 indigenous respondents were interviewed. The respondents had good knowledge of symptoms of malaria. A total of 45 plant species belonging to 30 families and 1 unidentified were recorded. The plants were used as mono- and/or poly-herbal therapies. The parts of the plants commonly utilized were the leaves followed by barks and root. Tubers and fruits were rarely mentioned during this survey, while flowers and bulb were not mentioned. Decoctions and infusions were the most popular modes of preparation; however oral route was the principal route of drug administration. Most of the plants have been reported elsewhere for the management of fever, pain and malaria however two plants were mentioned here as possible antimalarial agent for the first time to the best of the authors’ knowledge. The most frequently cited plants in both single and poly herbal recipes were Nauclea latifolia > Uvaria chamae > Cleistopholis patens > Morinda lucida as indicated by the evaluation index used. This study will serve as a step towards conservation of information on antimalarial value of some medicinal plants in South-east country side of Nigeria. Keywords: Nsukka senatorial zone, Enugu State, Malaria, poly-herbal, conservation","PeriodicalId":19356,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":"66-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78879491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacognostic Evaluation of Bambusa vulgaris Var. vulgaris Leaf and its Toxicity Studies in Male Wistar Rats","authors":"G. Alade, K. Ajibesin, O. R. Omobuwajo","doi":"10.4314/NJNPM.V19I0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJNPM.V19I0","url":null,"abstract":"The study evaluated the pharmacognostic characters and toxicity of the aqueous ethanolic extract of Bambusa vulgaris leaf in male wistar rats. The microscopy of the leaf revealed diagnostic characters such as anomocytic stomata, sinuous epidermal cells, numerous prisms of calcium oxalate crystals and covering trichomes. Histopathological examination revealed no significant adverse effects on the lungs, kidneys and the spleens after fourteen days oral administration of the extract at 250 and 500 mg/kg doses. Haematological evaluation however revealed a significant 31% reduction (p<0.05) in packed cell volume and a significant 31% increase (p<0.05) in white blood cell count at 500 mg/kg. The results suggest that administration of B. vulgaris extract may possess low toxicity when used. Keywords: Bambusa vulgaris , Toxicity, Microscopy, Standardization, Histology","PeriodicalId":19356,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine","volume":"48 1","pages":"106-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73537214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Extracts and Isolated Pure Compounds of Spondias Mombin (l. Anacardiaceae) Leaves on Gross Exploratory Behaviors in Mice.","authors":"Oa Ayoka, A. Owolabi, Ks Bamitale, O. Akomolafe, Ja Aladesanmi, O. Ukponmwan","doi":"10.4314/NJNPM.V17I1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJNPM.V17I1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies have reported several neuro-physiological effects of crude extracts of Spondias mombin leaves, which is widely used by traditional medical practitioners in Nigeria for the treatment of neuro-psychiatric disorders. However the neuro-physiological effects of fractionated extracts and pure isolates, with the pharmacological mechanisms responsible for these effects have remained largely unexplored. This study elucidated the neurotransmitter systems and receptors involved in the effects of extracts, and isolated compounds of Spondias mombin leaves in mice (n = 5 - 6) after intraperitoneal (i.p.) route of administration on gross explorative behaviors in mice. The crude ethanolic extract of Spondias mombin leaves was fractionated using the partitioning method to obtain the ethylacetate, butanolic and aqueous fractions. Open column chromatographic fractionation of the ethylacetate fraction yielded seven sub-fractions, out of which the pure coumaroyl, quercetin and gallic acid derivatives were obtained after purification on Sephadex LH-20. The ethanolic extract, butanolic, ethylacetate fractions, ethylacetate subfractions and pure isolates of the Spondias mombin leaves were tested on open field locomotion and head dipping behaviors in mice using standard pharmacological tools. The results showed that the ethanolic and butanolic extracts decreased open field locomotion, while ethylacetate fraction increased open field locomotion at lower doses, but decreased it at higher  doses. Subfractions S1 - S7 decreased open field locomotion except S2 ,which had no effect on open field locomotion. The three pure isolates decreased open field locomotion. Pre-treatment with yohimbine, atropine and propranolol had no effect on the coumaroyl derivatibe-induced effect on open field behavior, naloxone reversed this effect while haloperidol potentiated the inhibitory effects of the three pure isolates on open field locomotion. Ethanolic and butanolic decreased head dipping behavior in a dose dependent manner, while ethylacetate fraction increased head dips at lower doses, but decreased it at higher doses. Subfractions S1 - S7 decreased the number of head dips except S2, which had no effect. Coumaroyl derivative had no effect, but gallic acid and quercetin derivatives decreased the number of head dips. Yohimbine, atropine, propranolol and haloperidol potentiated the inhibitory effect of gallic acid and quercetin derivatives on head dips, whereas naloxone reversed the effect of coumaroyl and quercetin derivatives on head dips. It can be inferred that blockade of opioid receptors consistently reversed the effect of coumaroyl derivative on open field locomotion and head dipping behaviors, while blockade of dopaminergic receptors consistently facilitated the effects of the three pure isolates on open field locomotion and head dipping behaviors. It is suggested that the opioid and dopaminergic neurotransmitter systems are strongly involved in the behavioral effec","PeriodicalId":19356,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"66-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83624622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Evaluation of Lipid Profile and Antioxidant Activities of Carica Papaya Seed Oil in the Heart and Liver of Female Wistar Rats.","authors":"I. Afolabi, P. Daniels, S. Rotimi, A. Adeyemi","doi":"10.4314/NJNPM.V16I1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJNPM.V16I1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing attention is been given to Carica papaya seed due to its oil rich nature, and its medicinal value. Four feed diets consisting of 3, 5, 7, and 10 % of the oil were composed and examined for its in-vivo effect on lipid and antioxidants status of female wistar rats compared to those fed with 5 % groundnut oil based diet. The feeds were fed into the rats for 32 days, and examined for their lipid profile and antioxidant status in the liver and heart. Free fatty acids were significantly reduced (P<0.05) by 3-10 % diets in the liver, and by 10 % diet in the heart. HMG-CoA/Mevalonate ratio in the liver was significant increased (P<0.05) by the 7-10 % diets. All diets significantly increased (P<0.05) superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and reduced glutathione in liver. Lipid peroxidation in the heart was significantly increased (P<0.05) by the 3-7 % diets. Lipid peroxidation, and phospholipid in heart were significantly reduced, and increased (P<0.05) respectively by 10 % diets. The biochemical status of rats fed with the Carica papaya seed oil based diets generally remained comparable to those fed with the groundnut oil diet in the two organs. The Carica papaya seed oil exhibited better antioxidant activities, and health benefits than the commonly consumed groundnut oil. Key words: - Carica papaya; Seeds; Oil, Quality; Antioxidants; Lipids.","PeriodicalId":19356,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine","volume":"14 1","pages":"11-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88780202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pain Treatment with Hypnosis","authors":"Sm Mohammad","doi":"10.4314/NJNPM.V17I1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJNPM.V17I1.3","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews controlled prospective trials of hypnosis for the treatment of chronic pain. Many studies, excluding studies of headaches, were identified that compared outcomes from hypnosis for the treatment of chronic pain to either baseline data or a control condition. Hypnotherapy is one of the effective techniques used in pain treatment. It is highly effective in treatment of especially chronic (habitual) and psychological pains. Keywords : pain, hypnotherapy, pain treatment","PeriodicalId":19356,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine","volume":"17 3-4 1","pages":"52-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87164744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antipsychotic Effect of the Leaves of Stachytarpheta Cayennensis (l.C. Riche) Vahl. Verbenaceae in Mice.","authors":"G. Olayiwola, F. Ibikunle","doi":"10.4314/njnpm.v17i1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njnpm.v17i1.2","url":null,"abstract":"The antipsychotic effect of the extracts of the leaves of Stachytarpheta cayennensis was examined following ethnomedicinal claims for its use in the management of mental illness in Nigeria, Ghana and other tropical parts of the globe. The apomorphine and amphetamine-induced stereotyped behavior models were used in this study to see if the extract or its fractions would abolish the stereotypy in mice. The method of Siqueira et al (1998) was employed in this study and the Kruskal Wallis non parametric ANOVA followed by Mann-Whitney U-test was employed for statistical analysis.The results showed that only the methanolic extract of the leaves of Stachytarpheta cayennesis but none of the fractions thereof prevented stereotyped behavior induced by amphetamine. The extract did not abolish stereotypy induced by apomorphine. The inhibition of amphetamine stereotypy also occurred at only one dose (20 mg/kg, i.p.).The inferences from this study include the fact that for the antipsychotic effect of the leaves of stachytarpheta cayennesis , fractionation would lead to loss of activity. More importantly the methanolic extract of the leaves of Stachytarpheta cayennensis possesses antipsychotic effect and this justifies its ethnomedicinal use in the management of mental illness in some regions of the world. Keywords: Antipsychotic; Stachytarpheta cayennensi s; amphetamine; apomorphine; stereotypy","PeriodicalId":19356,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine","volume":"19 1","pages":"48-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78958448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the anti-hyperlipidemic activity of the aqueous root extract of Elaeis guineensis, Jacq (Arecaceae).","authors":"O. Owolabi, On Anaka, S. Innih, O. Jimba","doi":"10.4314/NJNPM.V17I1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJNPM.V17I1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Elaeis guineensis- Jacq (Arecaceae) is reported for the treatment of a variety of ailments notable amongst these are diabetes and hyperlipidemia. The present study is aimed at evaluating its anti-hyperlipedemic effect, via olive oil induced hyperlipidemia.The aqueous extract was obtained from a decoction of the roots, and later administered to olive oil loaded rats (5 ml/kg). Administration of 250 and 500 mg/kg of the extract was done 30 min before olive oil administration. Distilled water was used as control, while atorvastatin (50 mg/kg) was the standard drug. All administrations were done orally. Blood samples were withdrawn via the abdominal aorta 2 and 4 h after olive oil administration and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 15 to 20 min. The plasma samples obtained were subjected to biochemical analysis for HDL, LDL, triglycerides and total cholesterol. Acute treatment with the extract points to a significant (p<0.05) reduction in total cholesterol by (35.86 and 56.32%), LDL (61.27 and 20%) and triglycerides (53.87 and 71.23%) by 250 mg/kg at the 2 nd and 4 th h respectively. At the 500 mg/kg dose, a significant reduction (p<0.05) was also obtained in TC by (36.88 and 34.84%), TG (69.51 and 51.77%) and LDL (66.19 and 50%) at the 2 nd and 4 th h respectively. While a significant increase (p<0.0001) at both doses of the extract was noted for the HDL by (295.29 and 6.72% for 250; 309.33 and 43.21% for 500 mg/kg) at 2 nd and 4 th h respectively. The effect of the extract was noted to be more pronounced in the 2 nd h in comparison with the 4 th h. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, and steroids. The plant possesses hypolipidemic effect, considering the increase and decrease in HDL and LDL respectively and thus a useful remedy for hyperlipdemia Keywords: High Density Lipoprotein, Low Density Lipoprotein, Triglycerides, Total cholesterol, Olive oil","PeriodicalId":19356,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine","volume":"43 1","pages":"55-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72658275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Some Central Nervous System Effects of the aqueous Extract of the Leaves of Phyllanthus Amarus Schum, (Euphorbiaceae).","authors":".. F.Amaechina, E. Omogbai","doi":"10.4314/NJNPM.V17I1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJNPM.V17I1.5","url":null,"abstract":"The leaves of Phyllanthus amarus is used in Southern Nigeria to treat variety of diseases including epilepsy. The aqueous extract of the leaves of Phyllanthus amaru s was investigated for some central nervous system effects. Two animals models (maximal electroshock and pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsion), were used for the anticonvulsant screening in mice. The influences of the extract on barbiturate-induced sleeping time and on motor coordination were investigated in rats and mice respectively. The extract protected the animals against maximal electroshock-induced convulsion at the doses of 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg that were used, but could not protect the animals against pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsion at these two doses. However, higher doses of 500mg/kg and 1000mg/kg only provided a marginal protection of 20% and 40% to the animals against pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsion. The extract neither prolonged barbiturate-induced sleeping time nor did it impair the motor co-ordination ability of the animals on the Ugo Basile rotarod rotating at 6rpm. The results have shown that the aqueous extract of the leaves of Phyllanthus amarus contains some active principles that have anticonvulsant effect and protect mainly against maximal electroshock-induced convulsion, without depressing the central nervous system. Key Words : Phyllanthus amarus , Anticonvulsant Activity, Sleeping Time, Sedation","PeriodicalId":19356,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine","volume":"31 1","pages":"61-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76693627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxico-Pathological Effects of Saponins from Massularia acuminata Stem in Male Wistar Rats","authors":"M. Yakubu, Kk Ajidagba, M. A. Akanji, Ma Oladiji, T. O. Ajiboye, K. Ibrahim, S. Oguntoye, M. Salawu, M. O. Nafiu","doi":"10.4314/NJNPM.V16I1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJNPM.V16I1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Saponins from Massularia acuminata stem have been implicated to be responsible for some of the pharmacological effects of the plant without recourse to its toxic implications. Therefore, the toxic implications of saponins from Massularia acuminata stem in some organs of male rats were investigated. Male rats (271.00±5.30 g) grouped into A, B, C and D were orally administered distilled water, 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight of saponins for 14 days. The biochemical indices of tissue damage corroborated with histological studies were evaluated in male rats using standard methods. Saponin confirmed with vanillin-perchloric acid and 6% erythrocyte in phosphate buffered saline significantly (P<0.05) increased serum potassium, sodium, phosphate, urea, creatinine, total and conjugated bilirubin; alkaline and acid phosphatases (ALP and ACP) in the kidney, liver and serum, glutamte pyruvate transaminase (GPT) in the liver and kidney. The testicular body-weight ratio, ALP, serum GPT, uric acid, globulin, albumin and calcium ions were reduced (P<0.05). Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase activity (GOT) increased in the kidney, testes and serum whereas it decreased in the liver. The histoarchitecture of the organs were preserved during esposure period. The saponins caused only functional dysfunction of the organs but not structural and thus not completely ‘safe’ as an oral remedy.","PeriodicalId":19356,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine","volume":"186 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85091382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Larvicidal, Molluscicidal and Antitrichomonal effects of Methanolic Extract of Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill Leaf from South-West Nigeria","authors":"F. Adewoyin, C. Adewunmi, N. Omisore, F. Olorunmola, C. Elusiyan, J. Agbedahunsi","doi":"10.4314/NJNPM.V16I1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJNPM.V16I1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Lycopersicon esculentum is used traditionally to treat skin infections among other uses. The methanolic extract was investigated for toxicity against Trichomonas gallinae , Aedes aegypti larvae and fresh water snail, Biomphilaria glabrata , using standard methods. Organisms were exposed to different concentrations of the extract and mortality observed accordingly. The result obtained showed concentration dependent mortality. The extract was toxic to Aedes aegypti larvae at concentrations between 1,500 – 5,600ppm with an LC 50 of 2736.3ppm and toxic to Biomphilaria glabrata at 500 – 1,250ppm with an LC 50 of 873.6ppm. The minimum lethal concentration (MLC) exhibited against T richomonas gallinae was 31.25 ppm, while that of the standard drug, metronidazole, gave 0.625 ppm. The plant could be exploited in the control of schistosomiasis and trichomoniasis. Key words: Lycopersicon esculentum , larvicidal, antitrichomonas, molluscicidal","PeriodicalId":19356,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine","volume":"40 2 1","pages":"26-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78013856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}