NMR in Biomedicine最新文献

{"title":"Motion and magnetic field inhomogeneity correction techniques for chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI: A contemporary review.","authors":"Gizeaddis Lamesgin Simegn, Phillip Zhe Sun, Jinyuan Zhou, Mina Kim, Ravinder Reddy, Zhongliang Zu, Moritz Zaiss, Nirbhay Narayan Yadav, Richard A E Edden, Peter C M van Zijl, Linda Knutsson","doi":"10.1002/nbm.5294","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nbm.5294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as a powerful imaging technique sensitive to tissue molecular composition, pH, and metabolic processes in situ. CEST MRI uniquely probes the physical exchange of protons between water and specific molecules within tissues, providing a window into physiological phenomena that remain invisible to standard MRI. However, given the very low concentration (millimolar range) of CEST compounds, the effects measured are generally only on the order of a few percent of the water signal. Consequently, a few critical challenges, including correction of motion artifacts and magnetic field (B₀ and B₁ ⁺) inhomogeneities, have to be addressed in order to unlock the full potential of CEST MRI. Motion, whether from patient movement or inherent physiological pulsations, can distort the CEST signal, hindering accurate quantification. B₀ and B₁ ⁺ inhomogeneities, arising from scanner hardware imperfections, further complicate data interpretation by introducing spurious variations in the signal intensity. Without proper correction of these confounding factors, reliable analysis and clinical translation of CEST MRI remain challenging. Motion correction methods aim to compensate for patient movement during (prospective) or after (retrospective) image acquisition, reducing artifacts and preserving data quality. Similarly, B₀ and B₁ ⁺ inhomogeneity correction techniques enhance the spatial and spectral accuracy of CEST MRI. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the current landscape of motion and magnetic field inhomogeneity correction methods in CEST MRI. The methods discussed apply to saturation transfer (ST) MRI in general, including semisolid magnetization transfer contrast (MTC) and relayed nuclear Overhauser enhancement (rNOE) studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19309,"journal":{"name":"NMR in Biomedicine","volume":" ","pages":"e5294"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11606773/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142624737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated detection of motion artifacts in brain MR images using deep learning.","authors":"Marina Manso Jimeno, Keerthi Sravan Ravi, Maggie Fung, Dotun Oyekunle, Godwin Ogbole, John Thomas Vaughan, Sairam Geethanath","doi":"10.1002/nbm.5276","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nbm.5276","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Quality assessment, including inspecting the images for artifacts, is a critical step during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data acquisition to ensure data quality and downstream analysis or interpretation success. This study demonstrates a deep learning (DL) model to detect rigid motion in T₁-weighted brain images. We leveraged a 2D convolutional neural network (CNN) trained on motion-synthesized data for three-class classification and tested it on publicly available retrospective and prospective datasets. Grad-CAM heatmaps enabled the identification of failure modes and provided an interpretation of the model's results. The model achieved average precision and recall metrics of 85% and 80% on six motion-simulated retrospective datasets. Additionally, the model's classifications on the prospective dataset showed 93% agreement with the labeling of a radiologist a strong inverse correlation (-0.84) compared to average edge strength, an image quality metric indicative of motion. This model is aimed at inline automatic detection of motion artifacts, accelerating part of the time-consuming quality assessment (QA) process and augmenting expertise on-site, particularly relevant in low-resource settings where local MR knowledge is scarce.</p>","PeriodicalId":19309,"journal":{"name":"NMR in Biomedicine","volume":" ","pages":"e5276"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142504948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) diffusion tensor imaging with different diffusion encoding times in the supraspinatus muscle: Test-retest reliability and comparison to spin echo diffusion tensor imaging.","authors":"Adrian Alexander Marth, Stefan Sommer, Thorsten Feiweier, Reto Sutter, Daniel Nanz, Constantin von Deuster","doi":"10.1002/nbm.5279","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nbm.5279","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) provides insight into the skeletal muscle microstructure and can be acquired using a stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM)-based approach to quantify time-dependent tissue diffusion. This study examined diffusion metrics and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the supraspinatus muscle obtained with a STEAM-DTI sequence with different diffusion encoding times (Δ) and compared them to measures from a spin echo (SE) sequence. Ten healthy subjects (mean age 31.5 ± 4.7 years; five females) underwent 3-Tesla STEAM and SE-DTI of the shoulder in three sessions. STEAM was acquired with Δ of 100/200/400/600 ms. The diffusion encoding time in SE scans was 19 ms (b = 500 s/mm²). Region of interest-based measurement of fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and SNR was performed. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were computed to assess test-retest reliability. ANOVA with post-hoc pairwise tests was used to compare measures between different Δ of STEAM as well as STEAM and SE, respectively. FA was significantly higher (FA_STEAM: 0.38-0.46 vs. FA_SE: 0.26) and MD significantly lower (MD_STEAM: 1.20-1.33 vs. MD_SE: 1.62 × 10^-3 mm²/s) in STEAM compared to SE (p < 0.001, respectively). SNR was significantly higher for SE (72.3 ± 8.7) than for STEAM (p < 0.001). ICCs were excellent for FA in STEAM (≥0.911) and SE (0.960). For MD, ICCs were good for STEAM_100ms-600ms (≥0.759) and SE (0.752). STEAM and SE exhibited excellent reliability for FA and good reliability for MD in the supraspinatus muscle. SNR was significantly higher in SE compared to STEAM.</p>","PeriodicalId":19309,"journal":{"name":"NMR in Biomedicine","volume":" ","pages":"e5279"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11602640/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142504950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Saturation transfer (CEST and MT) MRI for characterization of U-87 MG glioma in the rat.","authors":"Wilfred W Lam, Agata Chudzik, Natalia Lehman, Artur Łazorczyk, Paulina Kozioł, Anna Niedziałek, Athavan Gananathan, Anna Orzyłowska, Radosław Rola, Greg J Stanisz","doi":"10.1002/nbm.5282","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nbm.5282","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The focus of this work was to identify the optimal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast between orthotopic U-87 MG tumours and normal appearing brain with the eventual goal of treatment response monitoring. U-87 MG human glioblastoma cells were injected into the brain of RNU nude rats (n = 9). The rats were imaged at 7 T at three timepoints for all animals: 3-5, 7-9, and 11-13 days after implantation. Whole-brain T₁-weighted (before and after gadolinium contrast agent injection), diffusion, and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery scans were performed. In addition, single-slice saturation-transfer-weighted chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST), magnetization transfer (MT), and water saturation shift referencing (WASSR) contrast Z-spectra and T₁ and T₂ maps were also acquired. The MT and WASSR Z-spectra and T₁ map were fitted to a two-pool quantitative MT model to estimate the T₂ of the free and macromolecular-bound water molecules, the relative macromolecular pool size (M_{0, MT}), and the magnetization exchange rate from the macromolecular pool to the free pool (R_MT). The T₁-corrected apparent exchange-dependent relaxation (AREX) metric to isolate the CEST contributions was also calculated. The lesion on M_{0, MT} and AREX maps with a B₁ of 2 μT best matched the hyperintensity on the post-contrast T₁-weighted image. There was also good separation in Z-spectra between the lesion and contralateral cortex in the 2-μT CEST and 3- and 5-μT MT Z-spectra at all time points. A pairwise Wilcoxon signed-rank tests with Holm-Bonferroni adjustment on MRI parameters was performed and the differences between enhancing lesion and contralateral cortex for the MT ratio with 2 μT saturation at 3.6 ppm frequency offset (corresponding to the amide chemical group) and M_{0, MT} were both strongly significant (p < 0.001) at all time points. This work has identified that differences between enhancing lesion and contralateral cortex are strongest in MTR with B₁ = 2 μT at 3.6 ppm and relative macromolecular pool size (M_{0, MT}) images over entire period of 3-13 days after cancer cell implantation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19309,"journal":{"name":"NMR in Biomedicine","volume":" ","pages":"e5282"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11631369/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142546570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Water Relaxation Atlas for Age- and Region-Specific Metabolite Concentration Correction at 3 T.","authors":"Gizeaddis Lamesgin Simegn, Yulu Song, Saipavitra Murali-Manohar, Helge J Zöllner, Christopher W Davies-Jenkins, Dunja Simicic, Kathleen E Hupfeld, Aaron T Gudmundson, Emlyn Muska, Emily Carter, Steve C N Hui, Vivek Yedavalli, Georg Oeltzschner, Douglas C Dean, Can Ceritoglu, J Tilak Ratnanather, Eric Porges, Richard Edden","doi":"10.1002/nbm.5300","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nbm.5300","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metabolite concentration estimates from magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) are typically quantified using water referencing, correcting for relaxation-time differences between metabolites and water. One common approach is to correct the reference signal for differential relaxation within three tissue compartments (gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid) using fixed literature values. However, water relaxation times (T₁ and T₂) vary between brain locations and with age. MRS studies, even those measuring metabolite levels across the lifespan, often ignore these effects, because of a lack of reference data. The purpose of this study is to develop a water relaxometry atlas and to integrate location- and age-appropriate relaxation values into the MRS analysis workflow. One hundred one volunteers (51 men, 50 women; ~10 male, and 10 female participants per decade from the 20s to 60s) were recruited. T₁-weighted MPRAGE images ((1-mm)³ isotropic resolution) were acquired. Whole-brain water T₁ and T₂ measurements were made with DESPOT ((1.4 mm)³ isotropic resolution) at 3T. T₁ and T₂ maps were registered to the JHU MNI-SS/EVE atlas using affine and LDDMM transformation. The atlas's 268 parcels were reduced to 130 by combining homologous parcels. Mean T₁ and T₂ values were calculated for each parcel in each subject. Linear models of T₁ and T₂ as functions of age were computed, using age - 30 as the predictor. Reference atlases of \"age-30-intercept\" and age-slope for T₁ and T₂ were generated. The atlas-based workflow was integrated into Osprey, which co-registers MRS voxels to the atlas and calculates location- and age-appropriate water relaxation parameters for quantification. The water relaxation aging atlas revealed significant regional and tissue differences in water relaxation behavior across adulthood. Using location- and subject-appropriate reference values in the MRS analysis workflow removes a current methodological limitation and is expected to reduce quantification biases associated with water-referenced tissue correction, especially for studies of aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":19309,"journal":{"name":"NMR in Biomedicine","volume":"38 1","pages":"e5300"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12127971/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142813490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Float solenoid balun for MRI.","authors":"Ming Lu, Yijin Yang, Shuyang Chai, Xinqiang Yan","doi":"10.1002/nbm.5292","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nbm.5292","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Baluns are crucial in MRI RF coils, essential for minimizing common-mode currents, maintaining signal-to-noise ratio, and ensuring patient safety. This paper introduces the innovative float solenoid balun, based on the renowned solenoid cable trap, and conducts a comparative analysis with the widely used float bazooka balun. Leveraging robust inductive coupling between the cable shield and float resonator, the float solenoid balun offers compact dimensions and post-installation adjustability. Through electromagnetic simulations and bench testing across static fields (1.5, 3, and 7 T), the float solenoid balun demonstrates superior common-mode rejection ratios compared to the float bazooka balun. Notably, its float design facilitates easy post-installation adjustment and eliminates the need for soldering on the cable shield, enhancing usability and reducing risks. Furthermore, the solenoid balun's compact footprint addresses the increasing demand for smaller baluns in modern MRI scanners with denser coil arrays. The float solenoid balun offers a promising solution by conserving valuable space within the RF coil, simplifying practical hardware implementation and cable routing, and accommodating more elements in RF arrays, with great potential for enhancing MRI performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":19309,"journal":{"name":"NMR in Biomedicine","volume":" ","pages":"e5292"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11617134/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142624728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vivo rat brain mapping of multiple gray matter water populations using nonparametric D(ω)-R₁-R₂ distributions MRI.","authors":"Maxime Yon, Omar Narvaez, Daniel Topgaard, Alejandra Sierra","doi":"10.1002/nbm.5286","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nbm.5286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Massively multidimensional diffusion magnetic resonance imaging combines tensor-valued encoding, oscillating gradients, and diffusion-relaxation correlation to provide multicomponent subvoxel parameters depicting some tissue microstructural features. This method was successfully implemented ex vivo in microimaging systems and clinical conditions with tensor-valued gradient waveform of variable duration giving access to a narrow diffusion frequency (ω) range. We demonstrate here its preclinical in vivo implementation with a protocol of 389 contrast images probing a wide diffusion frequency range of 18 to 92 Hz at b-values up to 2.1 ms/μm² enabled by the use of modulated gradient waveforms and combined with multislice high-resolution and low-distortion echo planar imaging acquisition with segmented and full reversed phase-encode acquisition. This framework allows the identification of diffusion ω-dependence in the rat cerebellum and olfactory bulb gray matter (GM), and the parameter distributions are shown to resolve two water pools in the cerebellum GM with different diffusion coefficients, shapes, ω-dependence, relaxation rates, and spatial repartition whose attribution to specific microstructure could modify the current understanding of the origin of restriction in GM.</p>","PeriodicalId":19309,"journal":{"name":"NMR in Biomedicine","volume":" ","pages":"e5286"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11628177/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142710775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatty acid composition evaluation of abdominal adipose tissue using chemical shiftencoded MRI: Association with diabetes.","authors":"Dingxia Liu, Minyan Yin, Jiejun Chen, Caixia Fu, Manuel Schneider, Dominik Nickel, Xiuzhong Yao","doi":"10.1002/nbm.5290","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nbm.5290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the association between the fatty acid composition of abdominal adipose tissue in NAFLD patients using chemical shift-encoded MRI and the development of insulin resistance and T2DM. We enrolled 231 subjects with NAFLD who underwent both abdominal magnetic resonance spectroscopy and chemical shift-encoded MRI: comprising of 49 T2DM patients and 182 subjects without. MRI- and MRS-based liver fat fraction was measured from a circular region of interest on the right lobe of the liver. The abdominal fatty acid compositions were measured at the umbilical level with chemical shift-encoded MRI. Bland-Altman analysis, Student's t test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Spearman correlation analysis were performed. The logistic regression was applied to identify the independent factors for T2DM. Then, the predictive performance was assessed by Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses. An excellent agreement was found between liver fat fraction measured by MRS and MRI. (slope = 0.8; bias =-0.92%). In, patients with T2DM revealed lower fractions of mono-unsaturated fatty acid (F_mufa) (33.68 ± 10.62 vs 38.62 ± 12.21, P =.0089) and higher fractions of saturated fatty acid (F_sfa) (34.11 ± 9.746 vs 31.25 ± 8.66, P =.0351) of visceral fat tissue compared with patients without. BMI, HDL-c, F_mufa and F_sfa of visceral fat were independent factors for T2DM. Furthermore, F_sfa-S% was positively correlated with liver enzyme levels (P =.003 and 0.04). However, F_mufa-V% was negatively correlated with fasting blood glucose, HbA1c and HOMA-IR (P =.004, P =.001 and P =.03 respectively). Hence, the evaluation of fatty acid compositions of abdominal fat tissue using chemical shift-encoded MRI may have a predictive value for T2DM in patients with NAFLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":19309,"journal":{"name":"NMR in Biomedicine","volume":" ","pages":"e5290"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142603525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to \"U-Net-Based Prediction of Cerebrospinal Fluid Distribution and Ventricular Reflux Grading\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/nbm.70091","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nbm.70091","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19309,"journal":{"name":"NMR in Biomedicine","volume":"38 8","pages":"e70091"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12416984/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144369024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous assessment of cerebral glucose and oxygen metabolism and perfusion in rats using interleaved deuterium (²H) and oxygen-17 (¹⁷O) MRS.","authors":"Guangle Zhang, Parker Jenkins, Wei Zhu, Wei Chen, Xiao-Hong Zhu","doi":"10.1002/nbm.5284","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nbm.5284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cerebral glucose and oxygen metabolism and blood perfusion play key roles in neuroenergetics and oxidative phosphorylation to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) energy molecules in supporting cellular activity and brain function. Their impairments have been linked to numerous brain disorders. This study aimed to develop an in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) method capable of simultaneously assessing and quantifying the major cerebral metabolic rates of glucose (CMR_Glc) and oxygen (CMRO₂) consumption, lactate formation (CMR_Lac), and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (V_TCA); cerebral blood flow (CBF); and oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) via a single dynamic MRS measurement using an interleaved deuterium (²H) and oxygen-17 (¹⁷O) MRS approach. We introduced a single-loop multifrequency radio-frequency (RF) surface coil that can be used to acquire proton (¹H) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or interleaved low-γ X-nuclei ²H and ¹⁷O MRS. By combining this RF coil with a modified MRS pulse sequence, ¹⁷O-isotope-labeled oxygen gas inhalation, and intravenous ²H-isotope-labeled glucose administration, we demonstrate for the first time the feasibility of simultaneously and quantitatively measuring six important physiological parameters, CMR_Glc, CMRO₂, CMR_Lac, V_TCA, CBF, and OEF, in rat brains at 16.4 T. The interleaved ²H-¹⁷O MRS technique should be readily adapted to image and study cerebral energy metabolism and perfusion in healthy and diseased brains.</p>","PeriodicalId":19309,"journal":{"name":"NMR in Biomedicine","volume":" ","pages":"e5284"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11602644/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142582969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}