Violence: An International Journal最新文献_第7页

The Silence of Others: A conversation with the filmmakers 《他人的沉默:与电影人的对话

Violence: An International Journal Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/2633002420913751

Almudena Carracedo, Robert Bahar, C. Groult

引用次数: 0

Motivational change in the perpetration of genocidal violence 种族灭绝暴力行为的动机改变

Violence: An International Journal Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/2633002420904283

Jan Reinermann, Timothy Williams

引用次数: 2

Joining the Kosovo Liberation Army: A continuist, process-based analysis 加入科索沃解放军:一个持续的，基于过程的分析

Violence: An International Journal Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/2633002420904263

Nathalie Duclos

引用次数: 1

Shabbiha: Paramilitary groups, mass violence and social polarization in Homs Shabbiha:胡姆斯的准军事组织、大规模暴力和社会两极分化

Violence: An International Journal Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/2633002420907771

U. Üngör

{"title":"Shabbiha: Paramilitary groups, mass violence and social polarization in Homs","authors":"U. Üngör","doi":"10.1177/2633002420907771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2633002420907771","url":null,"abstract":"Within a year, the Syrian uprising in March 2011 developed into a civil war that gradually escalated and within 9 years killed over half a million people, displaced half the country’s prewar population, devastated the economy, and destabilized the entire region, and even the world. The Syrian civil war split the country into four factions that were continuously at war with each other with intermittent, unstable ceasefires: the Assad regime, the various rebel groups, the Kurds, and the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS). The Assad regime was responsible for the bulk of the violence against civilians, qualitatively and quantitatively. Its violent crackdown on the mass protests in Syria became more extensive and intensive throughout the first years of the conflict. A key aspect of the regime’s repression against the population was its use of paramilitary forces, the so-called “Shabbiha,” a catch-all category for irregular, pro-government militias dressed in (semi-)civilian gear and linked organically to the regime. From 2012 onward, they gradually became formalized, first in the Popular Committees (اللجان الشعبيه), and then in the National Defense Forces (قوات الدفاع الوطني) (NDF). Their violence strongly polarized sectarian relations in Syria, and therefore the Shabbiha are vital to understanding the broader conflict. This article will look at the mobilization and violence of the Shabbiha in the city of Homs. It is based on a combination of sources including ethnographic research, interviews with Shabbiha members, social media content, video clips, leaked documents, and testimonies of victims and other eye witnesses.","PeriodicalId":192856,"journal":{"name":"Violence: An International Journal","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129352385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Theorizing the time-dynamics of violence 将暴力的时间动力学理论化

Violence: An International Journal Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/2633002420907768

R. Collins

引用次数: 6

Fiona Terry of the International Committee of the Red Cross talks about The Roots of Restraint in War and the intersection of research and humanitarianism 红十字国际委员会的菲奥娜·特里谈到了战争中克制的根源以及研究与人道主义的交集

Violence: An International Journal Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/2633002419899796

Fiona Terry, H. Kinsella, S. Straus

{"title":"Fiona Terry of the International Committee of the Red Cross talks about The Roots of Restraint in War and the intersection of research and humanitarianism","authors":"Fiona Terry, H. Kinsella, S. Straus","doi":"10.1177/2633002419899796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2633002419899796","url":null,"abstract":"Fiona Terry is the Head of the Centre for Operational Research and Experience at the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). She is the co-author of The Roots of Restraint in War (https://www.icrc.org/en/publication/4352-roots-restraint-war), which the ICRC published in 2018. The report examines how and why formal and informal norms shape armed group behavior in war. In addition to discussing some of the report’s main findings, the interview addresses the relationship between academic research and humanitarian practitioners; how external researchers are able, or not able, to shape internal organizational culture; the ethics of data collection; gender and the laws of war; and the differences between formal state militaries and other kinds of non-state actors that engage in violence. The interview was conducted by Helen M. Kinsella, Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Minnesota, and Scott Straus, co-editor-in-chief of the journal. Author of The Image before the Weapon: A Critical History of the Distinction between Combatant and Civilian, Kinsella was a Council on Foreign Relations Fellow at the ICRC, where she focused on gender and armed conflict, in the 2018–2019 academic year.","PeriodicalId":192856,"journal":{"name":"Violence: An International Journal","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133068035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Perpetrating violence viewed from the perspective of the social sciences: Debates and perspectives 从社会科学的角度看暴力行为:辩论和观点

Violence: An International Journal Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/2633002420924963

Sabrina Melenotte

{"title":"Perpetrating violence viewed from the perspective of the social sciences: Debates and perspectives","authors":"Sabrina Melenotte","doi":"10.1177/2633002420924963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2633002420924963","url":null,"abstract":"What drives some people to “perpetrate violence”? Why do others, by contrast, not perpetrate violence, even under the same conditions? Do all violent acts involve a radicalization or a dehumanization and degradation of civil relations between subjects, sometimes even between neighbors or even within the same family or community, be it ethnic or national? This special theme gathers contributions from many different geographical areas (mainly Morocco, Syria, Germany, and Rwanda) and from several disciplines (literature, political science, sociology, history) in order to offer keys to understanding the factors that trigger or accelerate the perpetration of violence, but also those that curb or limit it. The reader will also find exhaustive states of the art and case studies on different types of violence (riot, political, paramilitary, genocidal), leading to transversal theorizations that go well beyond dichotomies and old debates. For example, the authors discuss the “old” opposition between a situational and a procedural approach, embodied—not without artifice—by Browning and Goldhagen, or the necessary dehumanization of the enemy generally associated with the study of genocides. Another methodological choice with a strong epistemological implication consisted in not contrasting the recent theories on radicalization with those on extreme violence, and rejecting any obvious determinism between both moments, in order to avoid explaining the perpetration of violence in too facile a way.","PeriodicalId":192856,"journal":{"name":"Violence: An International Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123435209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

The absent perpetrators: Morocco’s failed accountability, Tazmamart literature and the survivors’ testimony for their jailers (1973-1991) 缺席的肇事者:摩洛哥失败的问责，塔兹马马特文学和幸存者对他们的狱卒的证词(1973-1991)

Violence: An International Journal Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/2633002420904672

Brahim El Guabli

{"title":"The absent perpetrators: Morocco’s failed accountability, Tazmamart literature and the survivors’ testimony for their jailers (1973-1991)","authors":"Brahim El Guabli","doi":"10.1177/2633002420904672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2633002420904672","url":null,"abstract":"The Moroccan Years of Lead (1956–1999) are an important case for the investigation of testimonial literature’s potential to undermine impunity. Both survivors and families of the victims of this dark period of state-mandated violations of human rights have continuously demanded truth, justice, and state apology for the crimes it committed against them. Nevertheless, these demands were not met, even with the establishment of the Arbitration Commission in 1999 and the Equity and Reconciliation Commission (ERC) in 2004. In this article, I draw on writings of survivors of Tazmamart secret prison (1973–1991) to argue that their testimonial literature bears witness in lieu of perpetrators. Because the ERC was not mandated to investigate perpetrators, testimonial literature is the only place where we can gain knowledge about them and their violations of human rights. Indeed, Tazmamart survivors’ testimonial literature provides a unique window through which readers can access the hidden and complex underworld of the perpetrators of state violence in Tazmamart prison camp. I first discuss the implications of the ERC’s failure to report on perpetrators’ crimes, then analyze several testimonial books to reveal how perpetrators are eventually held accountable in these works.","PeriodicalId":192856,"journal":{"name":"Violence: An International Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131915110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Radicalization as cause and consequence of violence in genocides and mass killings 激进化是种族灭绝和大规模杀戮中暴力的原因和后果

Violence: An International Journal Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/2633002420904267

O. McDoom

{"title":"Radicalization as cause and consequence of violence in genocides and mass killings","authors":"O. McDoom","doi":"10.1177/2633002420904267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2633002420904267","url":null,"abstract":"Major theories of participation in genocides and mass killings offer seemingly opposing explanatory logics for how and why individuals come to commit violence. The long-standing consensus on “perpetrator ordinariness” contrasts with explanations that continue to highlight the prior, intensely held negative attitudes and beliefs about the victim group. I propose a theoretical reconciliation. Radicalization would be better theorized not only as an antecedent to the act of violence but also as a consequence of it. Killing transforms individuals. A well-established point in social psychology, not only do attitudes drive behaviors, but behaviors also shape attitudes. Some perpetrators dehumanize their victims, internalize exclusionary ideologies, and otherwise develop negative sentiments toward their victims following their participation in the violence. Attitudinal shift becomes a form of dissonance-reduction. Perpetrators come to espouse radical beliefs in order to justify their actions. This revised theorization has implications for our understanding of (1) perpetrator heterogeneity: individuals must vary in their vulnerability to radicalization, and (2) non-instrumental violence: why we often observe the infliction of gratuitous pain and suffering on victims. I re-interpret testimony of perpetrators from Rwanda, the Holocaust, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Cambodia to support the article’s central theoretical proposition.","PeriodicalId":192856,"journal":{"name":"Violence: An International Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125437540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

On the role of dehumanization of victims in the perpetration of mass killings: Research notes 关于大规模屠杀中受害者非人性化的作用:研究说明

Violence: An International Journal Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/2633002420916979

N. Mariot

引用次数: 3