Nutrition Research and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Maternal betaine supplementation ameliorates fatty liver disease in offspring mice by inhibiting hepatic NLRP3 inflammasome activation.","authors":"Lun Li, Liuqiao Sun, Xiaoping Liang, Qian Ou, Xuying Tan, Fangyuan Li, Zhiwei Lai, Chenghe Ding, Hangjun Chen, Xinxue Yu, Qiongmei Wu, Jun Wei, Feng Wu, Lijun Wang","doi":"10.4162/nrp.2023.17.6.1084","DOIUrl":"10.4162/nrp.2023.17.6.1084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Previous research has shown maternal betaine supplementation alleviates fetal-derived hepatic steatosis. Therefore, this study examined the anti-inflammatory effect of maternal betaine intake in offspring mice and its mechanism.</p><p><strong>Materials/methods: </strong>Female C57BL/6J mice and their offspring were randomly divided into 3 groups according to the treatment received during gestation and lactation: control diet (CD), fatty liver disease (FLD), and fatty liver disease + 1% betaine (FLD-BET). The FLD group was given a high-fat diet and streptozotocin (HFD + STZ), and the FLD-BET group was treated with HFD + STZ + 1% betaine. After weaning, the offspring mice were given a normal diet for 5 weeks and then dissected to measure the relevant indexes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to the CD group, the offspring mice in the FLD group revealed obvious hepatic steatosis and increased serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α; maternal betaine supplementation reversed these changes. The hepatic mRNA expression levels of <i>IL-6</i>, <i>IL-18</i>, and <i>Casp</i>ase-<i>1</i> were significantly higher in the FLD group than in the CD group. Maternal betaine supplementation reduced the expression of <i>IL-1β</i>, <i>IL-6</i>, <i>IL-18,</i> and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing C-terminal caspase recruitment domain (<i>ASC</i>). Maternal betaine supplementation also reversed the increasing protein expressions of nitric oxide dioxygenase-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), ASC, Caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 in offspring mice exposed to HFD + STZ. Maternal betaine supplementation decreased the homocysteine (Hcy) and s-adenosine homocysteine (SAH) levels significantly in the livers. Furthermore, the hepatic Hcy concentrations showed significant inverse relationships with the mRNA expression of <i>TNF-α</i>, <i>NLRP3</i>, <i>ASC</i>, and <i>IL-18</i>. The hepatic SAH concentration was inversely associated with the <i>IL-1β</i> mRNA expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The lipotropic and anti-inflammatory effect of maternal betaine supplementation may be associated with the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome in the livers of the offspring mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":19232,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research and Practice","volume":"17 6","pages":"1084-1098"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10694418/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138488118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Sanghuangporus sanghuang</i> extract inhibits the proliferation and invasion of lung cancer cells <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>.","authors":"Weike Wang, Jiling Song, Na Lu, Jing Yan, Guanping Chen","doi":"10.4162/nrp.2023.17.6.1070","DOIUrl":"10.4162/nrp.2023.17.6.1070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong><i>Sanghuangporus sanghuang</i> (SS) has various medicinal effects, including anti-inflammation and anticancer activities. Despite the extensive research on SS, its molecular mechanisms of action on lung cancer are unclear. This study examined the impact of an SS alcohol extract (SAE) on lung cancer using <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> models.</p><p><strong>Materials/methods: </strong>Different concentrations of SAE were used to culture lung cancer cells (A549 and H1650). A cell counting kit-8 assay was used to detect the survival ability of A549 and H1650 cells. A scratch assay and transwell cell invasion assay were used to detect the migration rate and invasive ability of SAE. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl2-associated X (Bax), cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinases 4 (CDK4), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3). Lung cancer xenograft mice were used to detect the inhibiting ability of SAE <i>in vivo</i>. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the effect of SAE on the structural changes to the tumor and the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, cyclin D1, CDK4, STAT3, and p-STAT3 in lung cancer xenograft mice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SAE could inhibit lung cancer proliferation significantly <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> without cytotoxicity. SAE suppressed the viability, migration, and invasion of lung cancer cells in a dose and time-dependent manner. The SAE treatment significantly decreased the proapoptotic Bcl-2/Bax ratio and the expression of pro-proliferative proteins Cyclin D1 and CDK4 <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. Furthermore, SAE also inhibited STAT3 expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SAE reduced the cell viability and suppressed cell migration and invasion in human lung cancer cells. Moreover, SAE also exhibited anti-proliferation effects <i>in vivo</i>. Therefore, SAE may have benefits in cancer therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19232,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research and Practice","volume":"17 6","pages":"1070-1083"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10694423/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138488109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aqueous extract of <i>Laurus nobilis</i> leaf accelerates the alcohol metabolism and prevents liver damage in single-ethanol binge rats.","authors":"Jae In Jung, Yean-Jung Choi, Jinhak Kim, Kwang-Soo Baek, Eun Ji Kim","doi":"10.4162/nrp.2023.17.6.1113","DOIUrl":"10.4162/nrp.2023.17.6.1113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Excessive alcohol consumption has harmful health effects, including alcohol hangovers and alcohol-related liver disease. Therefore, methods to accelerate the alcohol metabolism are needed. <i>Laurus nobilis</i> is a spice, flavoring agent, and traditional herbal medicine against various diseases. This study examined whether the standardized aqueous extract of <i>L. nobilis</i> leaves (LN) accelerates the alcohol metabolism and protects against liver damage in single-ethanol binge Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats.</p><p><strong>Materials/methods: </strong>LN was administered orally to SD rats 1 h before ethanol administration (3 g/kg body weight [BW]) at 100 and 300 mg/kg BW. Blood samples were collected 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 h after ethanol administration. The livers were excised 1 h after ethanol administration to determine the hepatic enzyme activity. The alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in the liver tissue were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LN decreased the serum ethanol and acetaldehyde levels in ethanol-administered rats. LN increased the hepatic ADH and ALDH activities but decreased the alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase activities in the ethanol-administered rats. In addition, LN inhibited lipid peroxidation and increased the activities of SOD and GPx.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>LN modulates the mediators of various etiological effects of excessive alcohol consumption and enhances the alcohol metabolism and antioxidant activity, making it a potential candidate for hangover treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":19232,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research and Practice","volume":"17 6","pages":"1113-1127"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10694424/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138488110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classification and prediction of the effects of nutritional intake on diabetes mellitus using artificial neural network sensitivity analysis: 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.","authors":"Kyungjin Chang, Songmin Yoo, Simyeol Lee","doi":"10.4162/nrp.2023.17.6.1255","DOIUrl":"10.4162/nrp.2023.17.6.1255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>This study aimed to predict the association between nutritional intake and diabetes mellitus (DM) by developing an artificial neural network (ANN) model for older adults.</p><p><strong>Subjects/methods: </strong>Participants aged over 65 years from the 7th (2016-2018) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included. The diagnostic criteria of DM were set as output variables, while various nutritional intakes were set as input variables. An ANN model comprising one input layer with 16 nodes, one hidden layer with 12 nodes, and one output layer with one node was implemented in the MATLAB^® programming language. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the relative importance of the input variables in predicting the output.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our DM-predicting neural network model exhibited relatively high accuracy (81.3%) with 11 nutrient inputs, namely, thiamin, carbohydrates, potassium, energy, cholesterol, sugar, vitamin A, riboflavin, protein, vitamin C, and fat.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this study, the neural network sensitivity analysis method based on nutrient intake demonstrated a relatively accurate classification and prediction of DM in the older population.</p>","PeriodicalId":19232,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research and Practice","volume":"17 6","pages":"1255-1266"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10694415/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138488114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between body shape misperception and unhealthy eating behaviors among Korean adolescents.","authors":"Yejin Kim, Bomgyeol Kim, Vasuki Rajaguru, Sang Gyu Lee, Tae Hyun Kim","doi":"10.4162/nrp.2023.17.6.1143","DOIUrl":"10.4162/nrp.2023.17.6.1143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Body shape misperception (BSM) is the disagreement between the subjectively perceived body size and body mass index. This study investigated the association between BSM and unhealthy eating behaviors (UEB) among Korean adolescents.</p><p><strong>Subjects/methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study used data from the 2019 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey with 55,748 participants. UEB were measured according to the weekly consumption frequency of caffeinated energy drinks, fast food, carbonated beverages, and sugar-sweetened beverages. The covariates included demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and health-related factors. Multiple logistic regression analysis determined the association between BSM and UEB.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the participants, 37,607 (67.5%) reported UEB. The gap between UEB among those with BSM was the largest between the underestimated and accurately estimated groups. Participants who underestimated their body shape were likelier to engage in UEB (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11-1.25). Both sexes with underestimation of body size showed an association with UEB compared to those with accurate estimations (girls: AOR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.09-1.30; boys: AOR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.08-1.26).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Underestimating body shape can provoke UEB among Korean adolescents. The need for appropriate school health interventional programs to prevent underestimating body shape is emphasized to avoid UEB.</p>","PeriodicalId":19232,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research and Practice","volume":"17 6","pages":"1143-1154"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10694422/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138488111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Purple perilla frutescens extracts containing α-asarone inhibit inflammatory atheroma formation and promote hepatic HDL cholesterol uptake in dyslipidemic apoE-deficient mice.","authors":"Sin-Hye Park, Young Eun Sim, Min-Kyung Kang, Dong Yeon Kim, Il-Jun Kang, Soon Sung Lim, Young-Hee Kang","doi":"10.4162/nrp.2023.17.6.1099","DOIUrl":"10.4162/nrp.2023.17.6.1099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Dyslipidemia causes metabolic disorders such as atherosclerosis and fatty liver syndrome due to abnormally high blood lipids. Purple perilla frutescens extract (PPE) possesses various bioactive compounds such as α-asarone, chlorogenic acid and rosmarinic acid. This study examined whether PPE and α-asarone improved dyslipidemia-associated inflammation and inhibited atheroma formation in apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient mice, an experimental animal model of atherosclerosis.</p><p><strong>Materials/methods: </strong>ApoE-deficient mice were fed on high cholesterol-diet (Paigen's diet) and orally administrated with 10-20 mg/kg PPE and α-asarone for 10 wk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Paigen's diet reduced body weight gain in apoE-deficient mice, which was not restored by PPE or α-asarone. PPE or α-asarone improved the plasma lipid profiles in Paigen's diet-fed apoE-deficient mice, and despite a small increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, and very LDL were significantly reduced. Paigen's diet-induced systemic inflammation was reduced in PPE or α-asarone-treated apoE-deficient mice. Supplying PPE or α-asarone to mice lacking apoE suppressed aorta atherogenesis induced by atherogenic diet. PPE or α-asarone diminished aorta accumulation of CD68- and/or F4/80-positive macrophages induced by atherogenic diet in apoE-deficient mice. Treatment of apoE-deficient mice with PPE and α-asarone resulted in a significant decrease in plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein level and an increase in lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase reduced by supply of Paigen's diet. Supplementation of PPE and α-asarone enhanced the transcription of hepatic apoA1 and SR-B1 reduced by Paigen's diet in apoE-deficient mice.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>α-Asarone in PPE inhibited inflammation-associated atheroma formation and promoted hepatic HDL-C trafficking in dyslipidemic mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":19232,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research and Practice","volume":"17 6","pages":"1099-1112"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10694419/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138488069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Raw <i>Inonotus obliquus</i> polysaccharide counteracts Alzheimer's disease in a transgenic mouse model by activating the ubiquitin-proteosome system.","authors":"Shumin Wang, Kaiye Dong, Ji Zhang, Chaochao Chen, Hongyan Shuai, Xin Yu","doi":"10.4162/nrp.2023.17.6.1128","DOIUrl":"10.4162/nrp.2023.17.6.1128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong><i>Inonotus obliquus</i> has been used as antidiabetic herb around the world, especially in the Russian and Scandinavian countries. Diabetes is widely believed to be a key factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is widely considered to be type III diabetes. To investigate whether <i>I. obliquus</i> can also ameliorate AD, it would be interesting to identify new clues for AD treatment. We tested the anti-AD effects of raw <i>Inonotus obliquus</i> polysaccharide (IOP) in a mouse model of AD (3×Tg-AD transgenic mice).</p><p><strong>Materials/methods: </strong>SPF-grade 3×Tg-AD mice were randomly divided into three groups (Control, Metformin, and raw IOP groups, n = 5 per group). β-Amyloid deposition in the brain was analyzed using immunohistochemistry for AD characterization. Gene and protein expression of pertinent factors of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) was determined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Raw IOP significantly reduced the accumulation of amyloid aggregates and facilitated UPS activity, resulting in a significant reduction in AD-related symptoms in an AD mouse model. The presence of raw IOP significantly enhanced the expression of ubiquitin, E1, and Parkin (E3) at both the mRNA and protein levels in the mouse hippocampus. The mRNA level of ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1, a key factor involved in UPS activation, also increased by approximately 50%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Raw IOP could contribute to AD amelioration via the UPS pathway, which could be considered as a new potential strategy for AD treatment, although we could not exclude other mechanisms involved in counteracting AD processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":19232,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research and Practice","volume":"17 6","pages":"1128-1142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10694425/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138488070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracts of <i>Grifola frondosa</i> inhibit the MAPK signaling pathways involved in keratinocyte inflammation and ameliorate atopic dermatitis.","authors":"Eun-Ju Choi, Jin Kyeong Choi","doi":"10.4162/nrp.2023.17.6.1056","DOIUrl":"10.4162/nrp.2023.17.6.1056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong><i>Grifola frondosa</i>, commonly referred to as the maitake mushroom, has been studied extensively to explore its potential health benefits. However, its anti-inflammatory effects in skin disorders have not been sufficiently elucidated. This study aimed to elucidate the anti-inflammatory role of the ethanol extract of <i>G. frondosa</i> in atopic dermatitis (AD) using in vivo and in vitro models.</p><p><strong>Materials/methods: </strong>We investigated its impact on skin and spleen inflammatory responses in <i>Dermatophagoides farinae</i> extract (DFE)/1-chloro-2,4 dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD-like skin lesions in a mouse model. Additionally, we determined the immunosuppressive response and mechanism of <i>G. frondosa</i> by inducing atopic-like immune reactions in keratinocytes through tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α/interferon (IFN)-γ stimulation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study revealed that <i>G. frondosa</i> ameliorates clinical symptoms in an AD-like mouse model. These effects contributed to the suppression of Th1, Th2, Th17, and Th22 immune responses in the skin and spleen, leading to protection against cutaneous inflammation. Furthermore, <i>G. frondosa</i> inhibited the production of antibodies immunoglobulin (Ig)E and IgG2a in the serum of AD mice. Importantly, the inhibitory effect of <i>G. frondosa</i> on inflammatory cytokines in TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated AD-like keratinocytes was associated with the suppression of MAPK (Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase) pathway activation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Collectively, these findings highlight the potential of <i>G. frondosa</i> as a novel therapeutic agent for AD treatment and prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":19232,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research and Practice","volume":"17 6","pages":"1056-1069"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10694416/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138488115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beliefs, self-efficacy, subjective norms, and eating behaviors according to the breakfast frequency among female university students in South Korea.","authors":"Hye Jin Kim, Kyung Won Kim","doi":"10.4162/nrp.2023.17.6.1170","DOIUrl":"10.4162/nrp.2023.17.6.1170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Skipping breakfast is prevalent in young adult women. This study examined the psychosocial factors and eating behaviors according to the breakfast frequency among female university students.</p><p><strong>Subjects/methods: </strong>The subjects were female university students in Seoul, South Korea. A survey was done, and the data from 291 students were analyzed. The subjects were categorized into a high breakfast group (HBG) and low breakfast group (LBG). Analysis of covariance and multiple linear regression were mainly used in data analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The subjects had breakfast 3.6 days/week on average. The HBG (47.4%) and the LBG (52.6%) differed significantly in breakfast status, including place, people eating together, breakfast menu, and breakfast preparers (<i>P</i> < 0.001). The HBG agreed more strongly with the advantages of breakfast than the LBG (<i>P</i> < 0.001). The disadvantages/barriers of breakfast were stronger in the LBG (<i>P</i> < 0.001). The HBG felt more confidence in having breakfast (<i>P</i> < 0.001) and confidence in general eating behaviors (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The two groups also differed in the subjective norms from parents/professionals (<i>P</i> < 0.001) and siblings/friends (<i>P</i> < 0.01). The HBG showed desirable eating behaviors more frequently (<i>P</i> < 0.001) and undesirable eating behaviors less frequently (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Multiple regression showed that the following were significantly related to the breakfast frequency, explaining 57.3% of the variance: self-efficacy regarding having breakfast (<i>P</i> < 0.001), perceived barriers of breakfast (no appetite/habit/indigestion, <i>P</i> < 0.001), desirable and undesirable eating behaviors (<i>P</i> < 0.01), subjective norms from parents/professionals (<i>P</i> < 0.05), and perceived barriers due to lack of time/preparation difficulties (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Psychosocial factors and eating behaviors were significantly related to the breakfast frequency. Nutrition education might include strategies to increase self-efficacy for breakfast, modify the beliefs, particularly the disadvantages/barriers of breakfast, adopt desirable eating behaviors, and elicit support from significant others.</p>","PeriodicalId":19232,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research and Practice","volume":"17 6","pages":"1170-1184"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10694417/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138488113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food sources of zinc and nutritional status with usual dietary zinc intake in Korean toddlers and preschool children.","authors":"SuJin Song, Jae Eun Shim","doi":"10.4162/nrp.2023.17.6.1211","DOIUrl":"10.4162/nrp.2023.17.6.1211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the food sources of zinc and the usual intake of dietary zinc among Korean toddlers and preschool children.</p><p><strong>Subjects/methods: </strong>A total of 2,679 children aged 1-5 years was selected from the 2009-2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) data. Dietary data collected from a single 24-h recall were used to evaluate the food sources of zinc. To estimate usual zinc intake, the distribution obtained from single 24-h recall data in the total sample was adjusted using the ratio of within-to-between-person variance in zinc intake obtained from 2-day 24-h recall sub-sample data of the 2009 KNHANES. The proportion of children with usual zinc intake below the estimated average requirement (EAR) and above the tolerable upper intake level (UL) was assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The main sources of zinc in Korean children were grains, dairy products, and meat. The mean usual intakes of zinc among all individuals, those aged 1-2 yrs, and those aged 3-5 yrs were 5.50, 5.01, and 5.83 mg/d, respectively. In all participants, 1.1% of the children consumed zinc below the EAR, whereas 10.7% exceeded the UL. The proportion of children with excessive zinc intake was 25.6% in the 1-2 yrs age group and 0.6% in the 3-5 yrs age group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>According to the current UL, the risk of excessive zinc intake appears to be high among Korean toddlers. Future studies that monitor the health effects of excessive zinc intake are needed to appropriately guide zinc intake in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":19232,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research and Practice","volume":"17 6","pages":"1211-1224"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10694412/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138488117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}