Muhammad Auwal Shehu, B. Okeahialam, Musa Borodo, M. Sani, S. Isezuo
{"title":"Short-Term outcomes and their predictors among patients with cardiorenal syndrome hospitalized for heart failure","authors":"Muhammad Auwal Shehu, B. Okeahialam, Musa Borodo, M. Sani, S. Isezuo","doi":"10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_12_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_12_21","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) encompasses a spectrum of disorders involving both the heart and kidneys in which acute or chronic dysfunction in one organ may induce acute or chronic dysfunction in the other organ. Aim: To review the short-term outcomes and their predictors among patients admitted with HF complicated by renal impairment. Settings and Design: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Patients aged 18 years and above were consecutively recruited over a period of 11 months. Detailed history and physical examination as well as relevant baseline blood chemistry, full blood count, urinalysis, estimated glomerular filtration rate, ECG, echocardiography, and renal ultrasound were carried out on all patients. Statistical analysis used: The data was analyzed using SPSS Version 16.0. Student t-test and the nonparametric χ2 or Fisher's exact test were used to test for significance among the noncategorical and categorical variables, respectively. Results: One hundred and twenty four (72.9%) patients had CRS. Patients with CRS had a significantly higher mortality rate compared with those without the syndrome (25% vs. 13%; P = 0.031). There was no significant difference in the duration of hospital stay between patients with CRS and those without CRS (17.86 ± 13.11 vs. 15.85 ± 13.46; P = 0.378). Serum creatinine of ≥170 μmol/L and serum urea of >20 mmol/L were the identified predictors of mortality (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.098–6.243, RR = 2.618, P = 0.030; and 95% CI 1.106–6.757, RR = 2.734, P = 0.029, respectively). Conclusion: CRS is associated with a significantly higher mortality rate. Measures of the renal function, serum creatinine >170 μmol/L and serum urea of >20 mmol/L were identified as the predictors of mortality.","PeriodicalId":19224,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences","volume":"105 1","pages":"95 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80691340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Collins Ejakhianghe Maximilian Okoror, M. Ezeanochie, A. Ande
{"title":"Predictors of vaginal delivery following stimulation of uterine contractions for term premature rupture of membranes","authors":"Collins Ejakhianghe Maximilian Okoror, M. Ezeanochie, A. Ande","doi":"10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_14_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_14_21","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is a significant event as it may lead to maternal complications, increased operative procedure, neonatal morbidity, and mortality. Aim: To determine the predictors of successful vaginal delivery in pregnant women undergoing stimulation of uterine contractions following premature rupture of membranes (PROM). Settings and Design: This prospective cohort study was conducted at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Seventy-four pregnant women between the gestational ages of 37 weeks and 41 weeks with a live singleton fetus in cephalic presentation and no contraindication to vaginal delivery who had stimulation of uterine contractions following term PROM were included in this study. The main outcome measure was the route of delivery. Statistical Analysis: The analysis was done with IBM statistical package for social science (SPSS) Statistics v21, and a P value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Sixty-two (83.8%) women had a vaginal delivery. The mean age and gestational age were 29.76 ± 3.69 years and 39.04 ± 1.15 weeks, respectively. The chance of vaginal delivery was increased with BMI <30 (RR = 9.091, 95% CI = 1.827–45.246). The duration between rupture of membranes and commencement of stimulation of uterine contractions was ≤8 h (RR = 4.889, 95% CI = 1.307–18.293) also increasing the chance of achieving vaginal delivery. The time interval to 4 cm cervical dilatation ≤4 h (RR = 4.167, 95% CI = 1.141–15.215) and time interval to delivery ≤8 h (RR = 12.222, 95% CI = 2.433–61.402) also favored vaginal delivery. Conclusion: When uterine contractions are stimulated for PROM at term, vaginal delivery is predicted by maternal BMI <30, duration of rupture of membrane ≤ 8 h, and time interval to 4 cm cervical dilatation ≤4 h. Also, it was found was that vaginal delivery becomes less likely when the time interval from stimulation to delivery exceeds 8 h.","PeriodicalId":19224,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"108 - 113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82120958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Sheyin, N. Chom, SA Olarinoye Akorede, J. Makama
{"title":"Unusual presentation of epidural haematoma with ossified border on computed tomography scan","authors":"J. Sheyin, N. Chom, SA Olarinoye Akorede, J. Makama","doi":"10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_22_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_22_20","url":null,"abstract":"Ossified epidural haematoma is a rare finding in clinical practice. Neuroimaging such as computed tomographic (CT) scan plays an important role in its diagnosis and management. A 58-year-old man came for brain CT on account of 4-month history of epilepsy. He had a history of road traffic accident 4 years ago. A radiologic diagnosis of ossified epidural haematoma was made as the working diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":19224,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":"156 - 158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73182289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Olawumi, B. Grema, A. Suleiman, Yakubu Omeiza, G. Michael
{"title":"Functional correlates of malnutrition among older patients in a primary care clinic in Northern, Nigeria: A cross-sectional study","authors":"A. Olawumi, B. Grema, A. Suleiman, Yakubu Omeiza, G. Michael","doi":"10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_19_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_19_21","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Nutritional and functional impairments are assumed to be inevitable consequences of aging and they attract little attention in the primary care setting. Aim: To determine the association between malnutrition and functional status of the elderly to advocate for their routine screening in the primary care clinics and similar settings. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional descriptive study involving 352 patients of age ≥60 years who presented at the Family Medicine Clinic. Methods and Materials: The nutritional status was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment tool, whereas functional capacity was assessed using Katz and Lawton index for the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), respectively. Statistical Analysis: Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to determine associations between variables and nutritional status, and determinants of nutritional status, respectively. Results: The mean age of respondents was 67.9 ± 7.6 (60–95) years; 215 (61.1%) were women. The prevalence of malnutrition was 25.9% and of risk of malnutrition 53.1%. Advancing age (odds ratio [OR] = 4.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] =1.42–1.71, P ≤ 0.001), low monthly income (OR = 9.29, 95% CI = 0.20–43.50, P = 0.005) and being functionally dependent (OR = 14.706, 95% CI = 1.26–3.35, P = 0.03 for ADL; OR = 17.51, 95% CI = 5.07–37.31, P = 0.004 for IADL) were the determinants of malnutrition in the elderly patients. Conclusion: The prevalence of malnutrition and those of at-risk of malnutrition was high. Advancing age, low income, and functional dependence were the independent correlates.","PeriodicalId":19224,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences","volume":"87 1","pages":"127 - 133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81237507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Factors associated with the use of outcome measures among physiotherapists working in neurorehabilitation units in tertiary hospitals of North-Western Nigeria","authors":"F. Sani, R. Ahmad","doi":"10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_34_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_34_20","url":null,"abstract":"Context: The use of standardised outcome measures (SOMs) is an essential part of rehabilitation and is widely endorsed as an excellent practice. Aim: The purpose of this descriptive study was to identify the factors associated with the use of OMs among physiotherapists working in neurorehabilitation units in tertiary hospitals of North-Western Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Physiotherapists managing neurological conditions in North-Western Nigeria were asked to complete a structured self-administered questionnaire that has two sections. Section I comprises items consisting of demographic information and Section II comprises items regarding the knowledge, attitude, use, perceived benefits and factors that hinder the use of SOMs among physiotherapists managing neurological conditions. Results: over 72.9% of the respondents were familiar with OMs; majority (77.1%) had poor attitude even though they had positive perception about the use of OMs. The respondents reported four most crucial factors hindering the use of OMs in neurological physiotherapy practice in tertiary hospitals in North-Western Nigeria, which are unavailability of appropriate tools, lengthy completion time of OMs, inadequate office space and lack of training on how to use OMs. Conclusion: The main findings of this study revealed that majority of the Participants were aware of the use of outcome measures in clinical practice, they perceived it as essential and useful, however, they have poor attitude and seldom make use of the Oms.","PeriodicalId":19224,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":"84 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86837277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
George Ewansiha, A. Ismail, M. Saleh, A. Ladeji, B. Bamgbose, J. Asaumi, Abdulmannan Yahya
{"title":"Diagnostic value of ultrasonography in maxillofacial practice: A narrative review","authors":"George Ewansiha, A. Ismail, M. Saleh, A. Ladeji, B. Bamgbose, J. Asaumi, Abdulmannan Yahya","doi":"10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_27_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_27_20","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrasonography or sonography is a rapidly evolving imaging technology, which uses high-frequency sound waves that are transmitted into the body and echoes from the tissue interfaces are detected and displayed on a monitor. In recent years, its application in maxillofacial practice has gained importance as a diagnostic tool. Therefore, the aim of this manuscript is to review the literature for narrative assessment of the diagnostic value of ultrasound in maxillofacial practice and to compare the significance of ultrasound to other diagnostic modalities. The PubMed CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Springerlink and Cochrane library databases were searched using the MeSH terms subject headings: Ultrasonography, maxillofacial practice, maxillofacial sonography, echogenicity, physics of ultrasonography, diagnostic ultrasonography, greyscale, Doppler and maxillofacial imaging. The search was restricted to free-full text and articles written in the English language published from 1989 to 2018. A total number of 36 articles retrieved were reviewed by the authors restricted to review paper, original research and case report which described the diagnostic modality of US in maxillofacial practice. US have become one of the valuable diagnostic imaging modalities in maxillofacial practice owing to its affordability, availability and safety to tissues as it employs non-ionising radiation.","PeriodicalId":19224,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences","volume":"60 1","pages":"55 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85876510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Retained gauze in the abdomen following prior laparotomy","authors":"U. Bello, Umar Muktar, N. Ismail","doi":"10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_13_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_13_20","url":null,"abstract":"Retained gauze in the abdomen (Gossypiboma) is a serious complication of abdominal surgery that often leads to medicolegal lawsuits. The most important risk factor is a failure of gauze count before and after laparotomy. Other related factors in order of occurrence include abdominal, gynaecologic, urologic and vascular procedures. We herein present a case of retained gauze following prior laparotomy.","PeriodicalId":19224,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences","volume":"75 1","pages":"153 - 155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86289755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yasir Nuhu Jibril, H. Abdullahi, Auwal Adamu, U. Sabo, K. Shamsu, A. Salisu
{"title":"Tympanometric findings in children with cerebral palsy in a tertiary health centre in Nigeria","authors":"Yasir Nuhu Jibril, H. Abdullahi, Auwal Adamu, U. Sabo, K. Shamsu, A. Salisu","doi":"10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_31_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_31_20","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Cerebral palsy (CP) is one of the commonly occurring physical disabilities, beginning in early childhood and persisting through the lifespan. Hearing impairment is a common problem in children with CP. The type of the hearing loss is mostly sensorineural, but conductive hearing loss from middle ear disease is a possibility. Aim: The aim was to assess the tympanometric findings in children with CP. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted amongst children with CP and matched (age and gender) controls in Kano, Nigeria. Ethical approval was obtained from the institution's Ethics Committee. Simple random sampling was used to enrol 330 participants. Consent was obtained and a structured questionnaire was used to collect data on the history, ear examination and tympanometric findings. The data collected were analysed using Statistical Product and Service Solutions version 21. Results: One hundred and sixty-five children with CP and the same number of matched controls participated in the study. The mean age of CP patients and controls was 4.49 ± 2.85 and 4.40 ± 2.92 years, respectively. Abnormal tympanograms were found in 51 (30.9%) of the children with CP as against 19 (11.5%) in the controls. Abnormal acoustic reflex was found in 28.5% of the cases compared to 12.1% in the control group. There was a statistically significant difference between the tympanometric findings of patients with CP and that of the controls (P = 0.0001). Conclusions: This study found a high prevalence of abnormal tympanograms in children with CP compared to controls.","PeriodicalId":19224,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences","volume":"62 1","pages":"140 - 144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88238536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U. Ibrahim, A. Jibo, M. Gadanya, A. Musa, Fatimah Tsiga Ahmed, R. Jalo, S. Audu, A. Danzomo, S. Abdullahi, Usman Bashir, M. Umar
{"title":"Determinants of personal hygiene practices: comparison of street food vendors and canteen food handlers in commercial City of Northwestern Nigeria","authors":"U. Ibrahim, A. Jibo, M. Gadanya, A. Musa, Fatimah Tsiga Ahmed, R. Jalo, S. Audu, A. Danzomo, S. Abdullahi, Usman Bashir, M. Umar","doi":"10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_30_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_30_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Increasing consumption of vended foods may pose a significant public health threat associated with food-borne illnesses. Context: Increasing consumption of vended foods may pose a significant public health threat associated with food borne illnesses. Aim: To assess and compare the determinants of personal hygiene practices among street food vendors and canteen food handlers in a commercial city of northwestern Nigeria. Settings and design: Using interviewer-administered questionnaire, comparative cross-sectional design was used Materials and Methods: As much as 310 (in each group) street food vendors and canteen food handlers, selected using a multistage sampling technique. Data analysis used: The data was analyzed using SPSS Version 22.0 Results: The proportion of street food vendors practicing correct personal hygiene measures were 214 (70.2%), compared with 213 (74.0%) canteen food handlers, respectively. There was a significant association between street food vendor's sex, ethnicity, educational status, hepatitis A or typhoid vaccination status, and the correct practice of personal hygiene (P < 0.05). Sex was found to be an independent predictor of personal hygiene practice (adjusted odds ratio = 4.7, 95% confidence interval = 1.3–16.7) among street food vendors with female street food vendors being five times more likely to observe correct personal hygiene practice than their male counterparts. Conclusions: Personal hygiene practice was found to be good among both street food vendors and canteen food handlers. However, there is a need for improvement if food-borne diseases are to be controlled; therefore, the government should ensure training and enforcement of all regulations to improve the personal hygiene practice thereby reducing the burden of food-borne illnesses.","PeriodicalId":19224,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences","volume":"99 1","pages":"100 - 107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83605632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Jibo, A. Muhammad, S. Muhammad, M. Usman, U. Ibrahim, Usman Bashir, Fatimah Tsiga Ahmed, R. Jalo, Aminatu Ayaba
{"title":"Prevalence and factors influencing the preference of traditional bone setting amongst patients attending orthopaedic clinics in Kano, Nigeria","authors":"A. Jibo, A. Muhammad, S. Muhammad, M. Usman, U. Ibrahim, Usman Bashir, Fatimah Tsiga Ahmed, R. Jalo, Aminatu Ayaba","doi":"10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_57_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_57_21","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Traditional bone setting is a public health concern because of the late hospital presentation and resulting socioeconomic consequences. Aim: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with preference of traditional bone setting among patients attending orthopedic clinics in Kano, Nigeria: Design: Descriptive cross-sectional design was used. Materials and Methods: Up to 370 patients were selected using a two-staged sampling technique. Statistical Analysis: Data were collected using interviewer administered questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS version 22.0 with P ≤ 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: The respondents age ranged 1 − 82 years with a median age of 29 (IQR = 20, 40) years. Majority of the patients (77.6%, n = 287) were older than 24 years of age with more than one-quarter (36.2%, n = 134) engaged in trading activities. Period prevalence (Within the last one year of visiting TBS) was 60.5% (95% CI: 55.4–65.6) while the point prevalence was 2.4% (95% CI: 1.1–4.6). Main reasons highlighted for the preference of traditional bone setting include low costs (8.6%, n = 32) and accessibility (6.5%, n = 24). Patients on admission had less probability of ever visited TBS (aOR: 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2–0.7), and patients with formal education were less likely to currently visit TBS (aOR: 5.0, 95% CI: 1.2–21.7) Conclusion: The prevalence of patronizing traditional bone setters is of significant public health concern despite the reported consequences. Therefore, the stakeholders should ensure regulated practices of the bone setters by providing them with appropriate guidelines including supervision of their practices.","PeriodicalId":19224,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":"114 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89754363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}